固体脂质纳米粒的制备与应用研究进展

固体脂质纳米粒（solid lipid nanoparticles，SLN）是20世纪90年代发展起来的一种性能优异的新型纳米粒给药系统。其以固态类脂化合物（天然或合成）为载体，将药物包裹于类脂核中制成固态胶粒，既具有传统载体系统的优点，同时也改善了不足之处。SLN有多种制备方法，可经多种途径给药，有其特殊的优越性，在新药开发中极具发展前景。本文就国内外关于SLN的制备方法及应用方面的最新研究作一综述。     

纳米结构脂质载体的制备及性质研究进展

纳米结构脂质载体(nanostructured lipid carrier,NLC)是在固体脂质纳米粒基础上发展的脂质纳米粒,它由固体脂质和液态脂质混合制备而得。综述了NLC的制备方法、粒径形态、载药能力、晶型结构、稳定性及应用的研究进展。     

维生素E脂质纳米粒的制备与表征

目的寻找合适的脂溶性药物载体。方法采用高压均质法制备3种不同类型的纳米脂质载体体系,分别为纳米乳液（NM）、固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）和纳米结构脂质载体（NLC）,并用透射电镜（TEM）、粒度分析仪（PCS）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）仪对其进行表征。结果3种不同类型的脂质载体在合适的配比情况下均有较好的稳定性。载药固体脂质纳米粒其微观形貌呈球形,表明其未结晶,具有较好的载药能力。于4℃、以10000r／min冷冻离心30min或避光保存4个月后粒径分布仍然基本不变,且可冷冻干燥（-40℃,0．01Pa）后长期保存。结论3种体系制备工艺简单,适合于大规模生产。     

固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体在药物传递中的研究进展

基于固体脂质的纳米粒（Solid lipid - based nanoparticles,SLBNs）作为新型药物传递系统比常规的药物传递系统存在优势。通常,基于固体脂质的纳米粒可以分成两种形态,即固体脂质纳米粒（ Solid lipid nanoparticles, SLNs）和纳米结构脂质载体（Nanostructured lipid carriers,NLCs）。但固体脂质纳米粒与纳米结构脂质载体在基质的组成上不同,本文就基于固体脂质的纳米粒的制备技术、表征方法及应用的最新研究进展进行总结,为基于固体脂质的纳米粒进一步研究提供参考依据。     

新型纳米脂质载体给药系统的研究进展

<正>纳米脂质载体(nanostructured lipid carriers,NLC)是20世纪90年代末出现的一种新型给药系统[1]。纳米脂质载体是以具有生理相容性和生物可降解性的、高熔点的天然或合成固体脂质和液体脂质为骨架材料所制成的纳米尺度的载药系统,其特点在于在固体的脂质载体中引入了液体脂质,以期解决固态脂质纳米粒(SLN)载药量较低,有突释现象及纳米粒混悬体系的水分含量高的缺点[2]。     

固体脂质纳米粒的研究进展

以生理相容的高熔点脂质为骨架材料制备的固体脂质纳米粒（solid lipid nanoparticels,SLN)是近年来研究十分活跃且极有发展潜力的靶向－控释给药系统的载体,本文综述了迄今SLN研究历程中一些主要发现,包括制备及影响因素,结构,稳定性,降解与释药,已研究的剂型等,指出了它的发展前景和尚待解决的问题。     

固体脂质纳米粒经皮给药系统研究进展

近年来,固体脂质纳米粒(solid 1ipid nanopanicles,SLN)成为经皮给药系统的研究热潮。固体脂质纳米粒通过影响皮肤角质层,作用于皮肤附属器以及改变药物的外在特性使之透过皮肤,从而提高药物皮内滞留量。固体脂质纳米粒可以有效靶向于表皮,为皮肤局部给药提供可能。本文就固体脂质纳米粒特征、透皮特性、透皮机制等进行综述。     

固体脂质纳米粒的研究进展

固体脂质纳米粒是新一代亚微粒给药系统，由于其生理相容性好，可控制药物释放以及良好的靶向性等优点，日益受到各国研究者的重视。本文综述了固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法，体外释药，给药途径及存在问题等方面的内容。     

依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒的制备与抗癌活性研究

摘 要 目的：制备依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒,并评价其对小鼠接种Lewis肺癌细胞的抑瘤率。方法: 采用热熔乳化 高压均质法制备依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒,考察依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒的外观、微观结构、粒径分布、Zeta电位等理化性质,评价依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒体外释药行为,比较依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒与依托泊苷注射液对小鼠接种Lewis肺癌细胞的抑制效果。结果:本研究制备的依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒外观呈淡蓝色透明状液体,在透射电镜观察呈圆整球状或类球状分布,大小较为均匀;平均粒径为（153.2±32.8）nm,PdI为（0.185±0.031）,Zeta电位为（-17.4±1.1）mV;依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒可延缓药物释放,在24 h内药物累积释放52.4%;依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒的抑瘤率显著高于依托泊苷注射液（P<0.05）,说明依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒能够显著抑制Lewis肺癌细胞在小鼠体内生长。结论:本研究通过热熔乳化 高压均质法制备的依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒对Lewis肺癌细胞具有良好的抑瘤效果,可以作为依托泊苷的新型给药系统,对肺癌治疗具有一定的应用前景。     

固体脂质纳米粒制备及应用研究进展

目的综述固体脂质纳米粒制备及应用进展。方法以国内外有代表性的文献和资料为依据,将固体脂质纳米粒的制备及应用等情况进行了分析与归纳。结果固体脂质纳米粒的多种制备方法各有优、缺点,其中以高压乳匀法和微乳法被推崇。调整制备参数可调整药物的包封率和释药曲线。结论固体脂质纳米粒是一种性能优异、有发展前景的新型给药系统。     

Skin permeation of buprenorphine and its ester prodrugs from lipid nanoparticles: lipid emulsion,nanostructured lipid carriers and solid lipid nanoparticles

The aim of this study was to develop and characterize lipid nanoparticle systems for the transdermal delivery of buprenorphine and its prodrugs. A panel of three buprenorphine prodrugs with ester chains of various lengths was synthesized and characterized by solubility, capacity factor (log K′), partitioning between lipids and water and the ability to penetrate nude mouse skin. Colloidal systems made of squalene (lipid emulsion, LE), squalene + Precirol (nanostructured lipid carriers, NLC) and Precirol (solid lipid nanoparticles, SLN) as the lipid core material were prepared. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the SLN had a more-ordered crystalline lattice in the inner matrix compared to the NLC. The particle size ranged from 220–300 nm, with NLC showing the smallest size. All prodrugs were highly lipophilic and chemically stable, but enzymatically unstable in skin homogenate and plasma. The in vitro permeation results exhibited a lower skin delivery of drug/prodrug with an increase in the alkyl chain length. SLN produced the highest drug/prodrug permeation, followed by the NLC and LE. A small inter-subject variation was also observed with SLN carriers. SLN with soybean phosphatidylcholine (SLN-PC) as the lipophilic emulsifier showed a higher drug/prodrug delivery across the skin compared to SLN with Myverol, a palmitinic acid monoglyceride. The in vitro permeation of the prodrugs occurred in a sustained manner for SLN-PC. The skin permeation of buprenorphine could be adjusted within a wide range by combining a prodrug strategy and lipid nanoparticles.     

二氢杨梅素经激活SIRT1-AMPK通路抑制高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂质沉积

目的探究二氢杨梅素(dihydromyricetin,DHM)对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂质蓄积的作用及其机制。方法C57BL/6J小鼠60只,随机分为6组(n=10):①ND组:正常饲料;②ND+L-DHM组:正常饲料+低剂量DHM(125 mg·kg^-1·d^-1);③ND+H-DHM组:正常饲料+高剂量DHM(250 mg·kg^-1·d^-1);④HFD组:高脂饲料;⑤HFD+L-DHM组:高脂饲料+低剂量DHM;⑥HFD+H-DHM组:高脂饲料+高剂量DHM。记录小鼠体重;16周后,测空腹血脂;计算体脂重量;肝脏HE和油红O染色;荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测肝脏SIRT1、AMPK、ACC、FAS、SREBP-1和PPARα、CPT1的表达。结果与ND组相比,HFD组小鼠体重、体脂、血清TG、TC、HDL水平明显增加;肝脏内脂肪蓄积增加,肝脏SREBP-1c、FAS、ACC1表达增加,而PPARα、CPT1、SIRT1和AMPK表达下降。经DHM处理后,HFD小鼠上述指标发生逆转;但ND小鼠上述指标无明显改变。结论DHM可能通过激活SIRT1-AMPK通路抑制脂质合成,促进脂质分解,改善高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂质沉积。     

重酒石酸长春瑞滨脂质微球注射液的制备

目的研制重酒石酸长春瑞滨脂质微球注射液。方法通过高压均质使乳粒产生高速碰撞和空穴作用,降低乳粒直径,并控制高压均质的压力和次数来提高稳定性。结果重酒石酸长春瑞滨脂质微球注射液的平均粒径为200 nm,包封率为85%,具有良好的稳定性。结论经过制剂稳定性实验及动物安全性实验,表明采用上述制备工艺制备的脂质微球注射液具有一定的稳定性和安全性。     

固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体在经皮给药系统中的研究进展

目的介绍固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体在经皮给药系统中的应用与优势,为其开发利用提供参考。方法查阅国内外相关文献共30余篇,从固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体用于经皮给药系统的优势、药物在固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体中的分布形式及固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体在经皮给药领域中的应用等方面进行综述。结果固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体可以增强药物稳定性,能在皮肤表面产生包封效应,增加皮肤水合作用,具有药物靶向性。结论固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体是极有发展前景的新型经皮给药系统。     

牡蛎降脂胶囊调血脂作用及其机制研究

目的探讨牡蛎降脂胶囊对高脂血症模型鹌鹑的调血脂作用及其机制。方法将鹌鹑随机分成对照组、模型组、月见草油胶丸阳性对照组及牡蛎降脂胶囊低、中、高剂量（0．3,0．6,1．2g／kg）组。除对照组喂饲普通饲料外,各组鹌鹑喂饲高脂饲料建立高脂血症模型,喂养至第10周末,各治疗组同时开始灌胃给予相应药物,每日1次,同时继续喂饲高脂饲料,连续6周。测定鹌鹑血清中三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—c）、载脂蛋白AI（ApoAI）、载脂蛋白B（ApoB）、卵磷脂胆固醇转移酶（LCAT）、脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）和肝脂酶（HL）的水平。结果与模型组比较,牡蛎降脂胶囊低剂量组鹌鹑血清TG,TC,LDL—C水平有所降低（P〈0．05）,中、高剂量组血清TG,TC,LDL—C水平显著降低（P〈0．01）;牡蛎降脂胶囊各剂量组血清HDL—C升高不明显（P〉0．05）;牡蛎降脂胶囊各剂量组的ApoAl含量明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,而ApoB含量明显下降（P〈0．01）;牡蛎降脂胶囊各剂量组的LCAT含量明显升高（P〈0．01）,HL含量明显升高（P〈0．01）,LPL含量明显升高（P〈0．01）。结论牡蛎降脂胶囊能激活载脂蛋白和脂代谢酶,具有调血脂和脂蛋白的作用,可用于治疗高脂血症。     

间尼索地平对兔实验性动脉粥样硬化的影响

<正> 在动脉粥样硬化(AS)的发生发展中,钙几乎参与了每个环节,细胞内钙超载能诱发和加速病变的形成.新二氢吡啶类钙拮抗剂尼索地平能减轻动脉粥样硬化斑块,间尼索地平与尼索地平的药理作用基本相同.本实验观察了间尼索地平对兔实验性动脉粥样硬化的作用,并与尼索地平进行比较.     

纳米结构脂质载药系统的研究进展

纳米结构脂质载体是在第一代脂质纳米粒——固体脂质纳米粒的基础上发展起来的一种新型药物传递系统,相比于传统脂质纳米粒,具有安全性好、稳定性高等优势,故而引起国内外医药工作者的广泛关注。对纳米结构脂质载体的特点、性质、结构、制备工艺及其用作载药系统的研究情况进行概述,为其在医药领域中的深度开发提供参考。     

Lipid nanoparticles: Different preparation techniques,characterization, hurdles,and strategies for the production of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers for oral drug delivery

The bioavailability of an orally administered drug primarily depends on its solubility in the GIT and its permeability across cell membranes. Also, a drug in solution form is preferred for conducting pharmacological, toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies during the drug development stage. Thus, poor water solubility not only limits a drug’s biological application but also challenges its pharmaceutical development. The use of lipid nanoparticles (LNs) in pharmaceutical technology has been reported for several years due to its important in green chemistry for several reasons specifically for its biochemical as “green” materials and biochemical processes as green processes that can be very environmentally friendly. Also, the physiological/physiologically related lipids (GRAS) made LNs usually enhance the drug absorption in the GIT. Hence, the pathways for absorption, metabolism, and transportation are present in the body, which may contribute to a large extent to the bio-fate of the lipidic carrier. Moreover, the LNs improves the mucosal adhesion and increases their GIT residence time. The LNs with a solid matrix are two types: solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). Also, their hydrophobic core provides a suitable environment for entrapment of hydrophobic drugs to improve its bioavailability. This review highlights and discusses the simple and easily scaled-up novel SLN and NLC along with their different production techniques, hurdles, and strategies for the production of LNs, characterization, lyophilization and drug release. Also, this review summarizes the research findings reported by the different researchers regarding the different method of preparation, excipients and their significant findings.     

长叶胡颓子降血糖、血脂及抗脂质过氧化作用的研究

目的研究长叶胡颓子果实降血糖、血脂及抗脂质过氧化作用并探讨其药理作用机制.方法以高胆固醇高脂饲料诱发高脂模型大鼠,四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠,应用长叶胡颓子果实水煎液进行实验观察.检测空腹血糖(FBG)、血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、胰岛素(INS)、C肽(C-P)及血清脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)水平.结果长叶胡颓子果实具有抑制高脂血症大鼠TC、TG、LDL-C的升高,降低ROS、MDA,增强SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活力的作用(P＜0.05),可使糖疗病小鼠FBG降低(P＜0.05),对血浆INS和C-P无影响,但胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)明显高于实验对照组(P＜0.05).结论长叶胡颓子果实具有降血糖、血脂和抗脂质过氧化作用,对心血管系统疾病、糖尿病有预防保健作用.     

Galactosylated solid lipid nanoparticles with cucurbitacin B improves the liver targetability

This study intended to prepare liver-targeting solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with a hepatoprotective drug, cucurbitacin B (Cuc B), using a galactosylated lipid, N-hexadecyl lactobionamide (N-HLBA). The galactosyl-lipid N-HLBA was prepared via the lactone form intermediates of lactobionic acid and synthesized by anchoring galactose to hexadecylamine lipid. The Cuc B-loaded galactosylated and conventional SLNs were successfully prepared by a high-pressure homogenization method. The two SLNs showed similar physical and pharmaceutical properties, including: the particle size measured by laser diffraction was 135?nm for galactosylated SLN (GalSLN) and 123?nm for conventional SLNs (CSLN); zeta potentials were ?31.6 mV (GalSLN) and ?34.3 mV(CSLN); in vitro release behavior of the two SLNs was similar, and both showed the biphasic drug release pattern with burst release at the initial stage and prolonged release afterwards. In contrast, the two SLNs demonstrated a marked difference in in vitro cellular cytotoxicity and in vivo tissue distribution performances. The IC₅₀ values of Cuc B in the two SLNs were by far lower than those of Cuc B solution and further Cuc B-GalSLN had about half the IC₅₀ value of Cuc B-CSLN. These results indicated that the encapsulation of Cuc B in SLNs resulted in the enhancement of cytotoxic activity, and galactosyl ligand could further enhance the cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of Cuc B. The weighted-average overall drug targeting efficiency (Te) was used to evaluate the liver targetability. Cuc B-GalSLN gave a relatively high (Te)_liver value of 63.6%, ～ 2.5-times greater than that of Cuc B-CSLN (25.3%) and Cuc B solution (23.8%). In summary, the incorporation of N-HLBA into SLNs significantly enhanced the liver targetability of Cuc B-loaded SLNs and GalSLN had a great potential as a drug delivery carrier for improved liver targetability.