川桑中桑皮素的提取工艺优化

目的：探讨川桑中桑皮素的最佳提取工艺。方法：以桑皮素含量为指标,利用4 因素3 水平L9（34）正交试验,分析乙醇浓度、提取时间、溶媒倍数、提取次数对桑皮素提取效率的影响。HPLC 法测定桑皮素含量：YMCPack ODS-A 色谱柱（5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm）;流动相为甲醇- 水（80：20）;柱温25 ℃;流速1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长268 nm。结果：最佳提取工艺：提取前提取溶剂浸泡3 h,回流提取3 次,每次提取时间均为0.5 h,提取溶媒倍数均为20 倍。最优提取条件下测得川桑中桑皮素含量为1.510 mg·g-1。结论：乙醇浓度、溶媒倍数、提取次数对桑皮素提取效率均有显著影响,提取时间无显著影响。     

正交设计优选莴笋茎总黄酮的超声提取工艺

目的优选超声提取莴笋茎总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。方法采用L9(34)正交试验设计,选择影响莴笋茎总黄酮提取效率的乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度、料液比作为考察因素,以芦丁为考察黄酮含量的指标,用紫外分光光度法测定莴笋茎中芦丁含量确定最佳提取条件。结果影响莴笋茎中总黄酮超声提取的因素为:乙醇浓度>料液比>提取温度>提取时间,最佳工艺条件为:以60%乙醇为溶剂,料液比1∶20(g/mL),提取时间40 min,提取温度60℃,此条件下莴笋茎中总黄酮提取率达0.754%。结论优选出的超声提取工艺条件简便、合理、可行性好。     

正交试验法优选川芎总生物碱的提取工艺

目的:优选川芎总生物碱的提取工艺。方法:采用回流提取,以酸性染料比色法测定的川芎总生物碱含量为指标,考察料液比、乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间对提取工艺的影响,通过正交试验L9(34)确定最佳提取工艺。结果:影响川芎总生物碱提取率的主次因素为:乙醇浓度料液比提取温度提取时间;川芎总生物碱的最佳提取工艺为:15倍量80%乙醇,100℃提取2.5 h。3次工艺验证试验中川芎总生物碱平均含量为2.745 mg/g(RSD=1.66%,n=3)。结论:本实验首次采用正交试验对川芎总生物碱的提取工艺进行优化,建立的提取工艺简便可行、稳定可靠。     

酶法提取枸杞蛋白质的工艺研究

目的:优化纤维素酶解法提取枸杞蛋白质的最佳工艺条件。方法:以枸杞蛋白质含量为指标,采用考马斯亮蓝染色法(Bradford)测定其含量。通过单因素试验对加酶量、提取时间、提取温度、料液比、p H等5个因素进行考察;然后在此基础上设计正交试验L9(34),对试验的提取料液比、提取时间、提取温度和p H等4个因素进行考察;结果:通过正交试验确定酶解法提取蛋白质的最优工艺条件为提取温度50℃、提取时间1.5h、料液比1:25、p H值6.0。在上述优化条件下获得枸杞蛋白质的提取含量为26.58 mg/g。结论:本实验结果为枸杞蛋白质的提取提供了可靠的工艺及合理的参数。     

正交优选白背三七茎总黄酮提取工艺研究

目的采用正交试验法对白背三七茎总黄酮的提取工艺进行优选。方法以紫外分光光度法为检测方法、总黄酮得率为优选指标,采用L9(34)正交试验法考察料液比、乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取次数4个影响因素对总黄酮提取的影响。结果最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶8、乙醇浓度60%,回流提取3次,每次1 h。结论该工艺可为白背三七的开发利用提供参考。     

表面活性剂协同提取苦瓜中总黄酮的研究

目的提高苦瓜中总黄酮提取效率,筛选出其最佳提取工艺。方法以苦瓜为原料,选取非离子型表面活性剂用于协同提取苦瓜中的总黄酮,研究表面活性剂用量、提取温度、提取时间、乙醇体积分数等因素对其影响。采用L9(34)正交试验确定苦瓜总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。结果 Tween-20对苦瓜中总黄酮的提取具有较好的协同作用。各因素对黄酮提取率影响大小依次是:表面活性剂用量>提取温度>乙醇体积分数>提取时间。结论最佳提取工艺条件乙醇浓度70%,Tween-20用量0.05g,提取时间4h,提取温度70℃。     

正交试验优选淡豆豉中SOD的最佳水提条件

目的 研究淡豆豉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水提取的最佳工艺条件.方法 用正交试验法对淡豆豉中SOD提取工艺条件进行优选,以SOD提出量为指标,选用L9(34)正交试验表;考察影响SOD提出量的提取时间、提取温度和提取液的pH值3个因素,每个因素取3个水平.结果 影响淡豆豉中SOD提取量的最主要因素是提取液的pH值,其次是提取温度.水提法优化工艺条件为温度35℃,时间5 h,提取液的pH值为5.8.     

平喘巴布剂药材的提取工艺研究

目的 优选平喘巴布剂药材的提取工艺.方法 采用L9(34)正交试验法,对药材乙醇提取时间、乙醇用量、乙醇浓度和提取次数等影响因素,以芥子碱硫氰酸盐提取率为考察指标,优选平喘巴布剂药材提取工艺.结果 最佳提取工艺为用6倍量70％的乙醇回流提取2次,每次2h.结论 优选的提取工艺合理,为该复方的透皮吸收特性的研究奠定良好的基础.     

优选葛根提取工艺的实验研究

目的:优选葛根提取过程中的有关工艺参数。方法采用HPLC测定法，以葛根素的提取率为评价指标，以正交试验法[L9(34^4)]优选提取工艺参数。结果影响因素最大的为乙醇的倍数，其次是提取时间、提取次数，最小的为乙醇的浓度。结论葛根素的最佳提取工艺是用70％乙醇，7倍的溶剂量，提取2小时，提取4次。     

酶辅助提取菠萝皮色素的工艺研究

目的:考察影响酶提取菠萝皮色素的主要因素,并确定酶辅助提取菠萝皮色素的最佳工艺条件。方法:采用单因素实验以色素浸提值为指标,考察了浸提时间、浸提温度、乙醇浓度、料液比对菠萝皮色素提取的影响,通过正交试验得到最佳的提取工艺。结果:酶辅助提取菠萝皮色素的最佳工艺条件是:乙醇浓度70%,提取温度50℃,提取时间80 min,料液比1∶50。结论:酶辅助提取法具有提取率高、速度快,溶剂用量少、安全、节能、设备简单等优点。本实验为优化菠萝皮色素的提取工艺奠定了基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.