干扰素对丝裂霉素C诱发的姊妹染色单体互换和紫外线诱发的DNA修复合成影响的研究

本文报告了关于干扰素对丝裂霉素C诱发的姊妹染色单体互换频率和(或)对紫外线诱发的非合成期DNA合成的影响的研究。结果发现,4例正常人和3例着色性干皮病病人的淋巴细胞经干扰素处理后再用丝裂霉素C所诱发的姊妹染色单体互换频率显著地低于对照组,而2例正常人和2例着色性干皮病病人的淋巴细胞经干扰素处理后再用紫外线所诱发的非合成期DNA合成水平则与对照组相似。作者认为,干素扰可能具有抗变效应。     

视网膜母细胞瘤患者和双亲染色体不稳定性观察

本文对15例视网膜母细胞瘤(RB)患者,24例患者双亲以及正常对照16人的姊妹染色单体交换(SCE)率、微核(MN)率的观察表明,患者自发、丝裂霉素C(MMC)诱发的SCE率和MN率均与对照有显著差异。本实验为RB患者存在体细胞染色体不稳定性提供了证据,同时讨论了染色体不稳定性与RB发生的关系     

着色性干皮病皮肤成纤维细胞系(XP4SH)的建立及其生物学特性

着色性干皮病是先天性DNA修复功能缺陷的常染色体隐性遗传疾病。是研究人类DNA修复系统与肿瘤发生机理的理想实验模型。本文报告的XP4SH细胞系来源于XP患者皮肤,经体外培养表现为成纤维细胞的形态和生长特性,染色体众数为2n=46,双着丝粒染色体为其畸变的特征,经紫外线诱发的SCE率显著增高,而UDS水平则明显低下,细胞融合基因互补分析证实该细胞系归属于A互补群。     

Effect of an essence-restoring decoction on DNA repair capacity

In order to observe the effect on organism DNA repair capacity after administration of Essence-Restoring Decoction (ERD), the level of peripheral lymphocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in 20 healthy young men, 23 healthy old men and 13 old men given ERD were detected, while the frequency of sister chromosome exchange (SCE) of mice marrow cells in 80 ICR strain male mice were detected. Ultraviolet (UV) and mitomycin-C (MMC) were used as agents to induce injury of DNA. Experimental results showed that the level of UDS in the aged person was lower than that of the young person. Comparing the level of UDS of the aged before and after medication, it was shown that the level of UDS after medication was increased, approaching that of the young. Within a range of lower doses (less than 5mg/kg weight), the SCE value of mice marrow cells raised with the increase of MMC concentration, while this values was markedly lowered in the medicated mice as compared with that of the control. It is thus suggested that ERD could enhance the DNA repair capacity and this might be a part of the mechanism of "Invigorating Kidney and retarding aging" as indicated in TCM.     

人参茎叶总皂甙对实验性小鼠生殖细胞遗传物质损伤的影响

本文采用小鼠精原细胞姐妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）实验方法，研究了人参茎叶总皂甙（ＧＮＳ）对丝裂霉素Ｃ（ＭＭＣ）引起的小鼠精原细胞遗传物质损伤的影响。结果表明，ＧＮＳ不能诱发小鼠精原细胞ＳＣＥ，而且在腹腔注射ＭＭＣ的同时给予ＧＮＳ，可使ＭＭＣ诱发的小鼠精原细胞ＳＣＥ频率明显降低。为此，我们认为ＧＮＳ对小鼠生殖细胞遗传物质具有保护作用。     

铅的致突变作用及其对女性生殖机能的影响

对44名铅作业五年以上的女工及39名对照进行外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)及染色体畸变(CA)等检测,发现铅作业组SCE、CA、血铅、尿铅及尿粪卟啉均显著高于对照组,但畸变均甚微小且两组淋巴细胞经不同浓度丝裂霉素C诱发之SCE 率均呈显著相关,初步提示铅作业不致对正常机体造成明显的遗传毒作用。     

亚硒酸钠对亚砷酸钠诱导人外周血中淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换频率的影响

本文研究了亚硒酸钠对亚砷酸钠引起的人外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)的影响。结果表明亚砷酸钠显著增高SCE频率,与对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.001)。同时或预先加入亚硒酸钠,均能显著地减少亚砷酸钠所诱导的人外周血淋巴细胞SCE频率。     

检测人尿诱变性方法的建立：尿诱导人外周血淋巴细胞SCE频率

随着现代工农业生产的高速度发展。新投入市场的化学合成物及排放到环境中的污染物(包括一些致癌物)日益增多,严重危害人类的健康。为此建立灵敏、快速、可靠的方法对接触环境诱变物/致癌物人群进行检测,已成为环境保护、预防和控制职业性疾病和肿瘤,维护人民身体健康的重要课题。目前已发现     

SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE AND CELL CYCLE IN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LEUKEMIA

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies and cell cycle of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 49 cases of acute leukemia (36 cases of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), 13 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and lI normal controls were studied. Increase of SCE frequencies was found in patients prior to treatment, and in those who were not in remission or those who were in relapse. For those who had attained their first complete remission within 6 months the SCE rate had decreased to a certain degree but did not return to the normal level. In 2 long-term survivors of acute myclocytic Ieukemia (AML) of 9.5 and 4 yc_*rs, vilzose treatment had been discontinued for more than l year, the SCE frequen cies were all within the normal limits. In cases of preleukemia the SCE frequencies were high. This finding may be of significance as a parameter for the disease process, diagnosis, therapeutic effecr and prognosis. Our observations indicated that the prolongation of cell cycle corresponds to the elevation of SCE and supports the hypothesis that the cell kinetics of Ieukemic cells of peripheral lymphocyte is similar to the cells in the bone marrow. After remission, the cell cycle may return to normal, re- flecting the relationship between therapeutic effect and cell proliferation. The increase of SCE frequen cies and the prolongation of cell cycle were more obvious in ALL than in ANLL, probably due to the increase of T-cell division of ALL under phytohemag- glutinin (PHA) stimulation.     

食管癌患者淋巴细胞程序外DNA合成的研究

应用盐酸氮芥及N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG),诱发食管癌患者、患者亲属及无癌家族正常健康人淋巴细胞程序外DNA合成(UDS),结果表明,食管癌患者,患者血缘亲属(子女)的UDS值比无癌家族史的正常健康人及食管癌家族共同生活无血缘关系的健康人(夫妻)低。这一结果提示,食管癌患者、患者子女DNA损伤修复功能有缺陷,这种缺陷可能与遗传易感性有关。     

卵巢肿瘤患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体分析

本实验对45例卵巢肿瘤患者与10名正常人外周血淋巴细胞染色体的SCE、微核、染色体脆性部位进行分析和对比,发现恶性肿瘤患者上述三个指标比良性肿瘤患者和正常人都显著升高。6915-924断裂频率最高。本文还对恶性肿瘤发生机制及预后进行探讨     

长期接触化学致癌物的实验室工作人员的姊妹染色单体互换频率

本文观察了长期接触化学致癌物的实验室工作人员的姊妹染色单体互换(SCE)频率的变化;发现第一、第二次测定的结果极其接近,且其SCE值的明显高于正常的非接触者。结果还表明,接触者与非接触者外周淋巴细胞对交联剂/致突变剂丝裂霉素C有相同的敏感性,证实接触者的淋巴细胞染色体的稳定性没有改变。文中讨论了接触者SCE 值改变的可能机理,为长期接触致癌物的实验室工作人员改善工作环境,减轻致癌物接触水平提供了实验根据。     

鼻咽癌患者SCE与G带定位关系分析

采用在染色体标本上同时显示妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）及Ｇ带带型的方法,对２０例鼻咽癌（ＮＰＣ）患者ＳＣＥ频率、细胞动力学、ＳＣＥ交换点的分布以及高发交换点与脆性部位、原癌基因的关系进行了分析。结果表明：ＮＰＰ患者的ＳＣＥ频率显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而细胞增殖率指数在患者和健康人间无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＮＰＣ患者中的１,２,３,４,５,７,８,１２,１３,１４,１６,１７号染色体的交换点次数显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。作者确定的１７个高发交换热点与脆性部位、原癌基因的重叠率为２９．４１％,说明ＮＰＣ患者的遗传稳定性差。该文还对ＳＣＥ交换点的分布与染色体结构的关系进行了讨论。     

HBsAg健康携带者自然转阴后外周血淋巴细胞SCE频率的变化

①目的 探讨ＨＢｓＡｇ健康携带者自然转阴后外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）频率的变化。②方法 用常规法培养外周血淋巴细胞并用５－溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷诱导ＳＣＥ，用紫外线照射法制备ＳＣＥ标本，对２０例ＨＢｓＡｇ健康携带者５年自然转阴后外周血淋巴细胞的ＳＣＥ频率进行检测，同时将２０例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性的健康携带者作为配对组，３５例ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性的健康人作为正常对照组进行ＳＣＥ频率的检测。③结果 上述３     

丝烈霉素C诱发小白鼠骨髓细胞姐妹染色单体互换和染色体畸变

丝裂霉素C(MMc)诱导的姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)可反映出细胞DMA损伤修复的基本过程。有关MMC诱发活体的SCE研究不多。本实验目的,就是探讨MMC诱发小白鼠骨髓细胞SCE的剂量—效应关系,并对SCE指标与染色体畸变指标,在检测机体DNA损伤上的差异作一比较研究。结果证明,MMC诱发染色体畸变能办远低于诱发SCE的能力,MMC可诱发小白鼠骨髓细胞SCE产生,SCE值随MMC剂量的增加而增加。SCE即使在低剂量诱变剂的作用下也是敏感的。     

白血病患者外周血白细胞非程序DNA合成的研究

以盐酸氮芥和紫外线诱导27例治疗前白血病患者和13例正常人外周血白细胞非程序DNA合成(Unscheduled DNA Synthesis,简称UDS),结果表明:白血病患者外周血白细胞UDS值比正常人显著增高(P<0.001),提示:白血病患者DNA损伤修复功能显著增高。这可能与白血病患者外周血中有较多的白血病细胞有关。     

In vitro Antigenotoxicity of Ulva rigida C. Agardh （Chlorophyceae） Extract against Induction of Chromosome Aberration,Sister Chromatid Exchange and Micronuclei by Mutagenic Agent MMC

Objective To determine the in vitro possible clastogenic and cytotoxic activities of Ulva rigida crude extracts （URE）, and identify their antigenotoxic and protective effects on chemotherapeutic agent mitomycine-C （MMC）. Methods Anti-clastogenic and anti-genotoxic activities of Ulva rigida crude extracts （URE） were studied using chromosome aberration （CA）, sister chromatid exchange （SCE）, and micronuclei （MN） tests in human lymphocytes cultured in vitro. Results The chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange or micronuclei tests showed that URE at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 lag/mL had no clastogenic activity in human lymphocyte cell culture. Three doses of URE significantly decreased the number of chromosomal aberrations and the frequencies of SCE and MN when compared with the culture treated with MMC （P〈0.0001）. Conclusion Although URE itself is not a clastogenic or cytotoxic substance, it possesses strong antigenotoxic, anti-clastogenic, and protective effects on MMC in vitro.     

Hereditary mechanism of systemic lupus erythematosus]

The rates of Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) were scored in short-term cultivated peripheral lymphocytes taken from 49 SLE patients and 22 of their first degree relatives. Higher SCEs were found in these two groups as compared with the normal controls. The patients' serum levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were lower while those of their relatives were normal. Addition of SOD was able to induce marked SCE decrease. Our results indicate that SLE is associated with primary DNA repair defect and that the reduction of SOD might play an important role in the development of SLE. and exogenic SOD has certain protective effect on the human body.     

中草药仙鹤草对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的遗传毒性

目的:观察中草药仙鹤草对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的遗传毒性。方法:将30只小鼠随机分为6组（每组5只）：阴性对照组（NS）、丝裂霉素C或甲基磺酸甲酯 （MMC或MMS）组及仙鹤草诱变组(1.0、2.0、4.0和8.0 g·kg^-1)。采用小鼠精子畸形实验、精原细胞姐妹染色单体互换实验和小鼠精子非程序DNA合成实验,研究仙鹤草对生殖细胞的遗传毒性。结果:仙鹤草各剂量组所诱导的小鼠精子畸形频率和精原细胞姐妹染色单体互换频率与正常对照组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),仙鹤草不能诱导小鼠精子非程序DNA合成。结论:在本实验所使用的剂量范围内仙鹤草对雄性小鼠生殖细胞无遗传毒性。        

互隔交链孢霉诱发姐妹染色单体互换及染色体畸变的研究

本文介绍了10株互隔交链孢霉提取物诱发人淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)及染色体畸变。结果发现,当用不同浓度提取物加入培养基时,有8株所诱发的SCE增高,与对照组比较差异极为显著(P<0.01)、在8株阳性株中,有6株在加入低量提取物时即诱发SCE频率增高显示统计学差异、同时,在阳性株中有两株提取物所诱发的染色体畸变频率增高,与对照组比较亦有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。由此可见,多数互隔交链孢霉菌株(8/10)所产生的代谢产物或毒素,都含有致突变物,不同菌株具有不同强度的致突作用。另外,对应用人淋巴细胞的SCE技术检测致突变物的优点进行了讨论。