硫化氢在心血管系统中的研究进展

继一氧化氮 (NO)和一氧化碳 (CO)这两种气体信号分子被发现之后 ,在 2 0世纪 90年代中期 ,又发现半胱氨酸代谢生成气体分子硫化氢 (H2 S) ,对神经系统特别是海马的功能具有调节作用 ,并可以调节消化道和血管平滑肌的张力 ,而其作用特点有别于NO及CO这两种气体信号分子 ,H2 S的信号转导途径一直未能阐明 ,直到最近研究证实 ,内源性H2 S直接作用于K(ATP)通道实现对血管的调节作用 ;并抑制平滑肌细胞的增殖。越来越多的证据表明 ,内源性H2 S是一种新的气体信号分子 ,对其研究是当前生物学领域的崭新课题 ,具有重要的理论和临床意义。本…     

内源性小气体信号分子硫化氢与肺缺血再灌注损伤

硫化氢(H2S)是继一氧化氮和一氧化碳之后新近发现的第三种内源性小气体信号分子,并有实验证实其在神经、消化、泌尿、心血管系统均有重要生理作用。然而,H2S与肺缺血再灌注损伤(LIRI)的研究尚不多见,对于H2S在抗LIRI中的作用知之甚少。现就关于H2S在心血管系统及LIRI中作用的研究趋势予以介绍。     

气体信号分子在心血管疾病发病中的意义

气体分子一氧化氮(NO)的发现开创了气体信号分子这一新型研究领域,目前已发现3种气体信号分子:NO、一氧化碳(CO)和硫化氢(H2S).他们在体内内源性生成,发挥广泛的生物学效应,本文仅就3种气体信号分子在心血管系统中的意义进行简要阐述.在心血管系统中内源性气体信号分子NO、CO和H2S分别与其相应的合成酶一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、血红素加氧酶(HO)和胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(CSE)形成独立而又相互关联的体系(NO/NOS体系、CO/HO体系、H2S/CSE体系),不仅参与心血管系统生理状态下功能和结构的维持,而且在高血压、肺动脉高压、感染性休克、动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病发病中发挥重要的病理生理学作用.     

气体信号分子在肺动脉高压发病中的作用

肺动脉高压是临床众多心肺血管疾病发生、发展中重要的病理过程,决定疾病的进展及预后.肺动脉高压又是复杂病理过程,其发病机制迄今尚未完全阐明.气体分子一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化碳(CO)以其特有的可连续产生、传播迅速、效应广泛等特点对肺循环的作用与其他器官相比更具有特殊意义,并引起科学界的广泛关注,从而开创了气体信号分子这一崭新研究领域.一直被称为有毒废气的硫化氢(H2S)可在机体内源性生成,本课题组研究了H2S在心血管系统的合成与分布、心血管生理学以及病理生理学意义,提出内源性H2S是心血管功能调节的新型气体信号分子,并揭示其对心血管疾病发病具有普遍性调节作用.通过对这3种气体信号分子在低氧性和高肺血流性肺动脉高压中的变化规律、作用环节及其分子机制的研究发现,气体信号分子体系异常是这两种肺动脉高压发病中重要发病机制之一,外源性给予气体信号分子可以缓解肺动脉高压和肺血管结构重建,其作用机制包括舒张血管、调节血管平滑肌细胞增殖/凋亡失衡、通过抑制胶原蛋白过度合成、促进胶原蛋白降解环节抑制肺动脉胶原蛋白的异常堆积,进而揭示了气体信号分子在肺动脉高压中的重要调节作用.     

内源性硫化氢在心血管疾病中的研究进展

近10年来人们对硫化氢(H2S)的认识从以往的大气污染物和工业废气到机体内重要的气体信号分子[1],发生了巨大的转变.越来越多的研究表明,H2S内源性生成及其调节的紊乱参与众多疾病的发生、发展及预后,具有重要的病理生理学意义.国内外众多研究报道内源性H2S在心血管疾病及病理生理环节中发挥着重要的调节作用.现对近年来内源性H2S与心血管疾病的基础及临床研究进展进行综述.     

内源性二氧化硫对心血管系统的调节意义

自上世纪80年代以来,已陆续证实代谢产生的内源性气体分子--一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)、一氧化碳(carbon monoxide, CO)和硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide, H2S)可以作为信号分子参与机体稳态调节,并且具有重要的生理和病理生理意义, 由此开创了"气体信号分子家系"的新领域.我们特别关注的是至今仍被认为是代谢废物的其他内源性气体分子的生物学调节作用,以期探寻气体信号分子家系的新成员.     

内源性硫化氢在肿瘤中的研究进展

硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)是继一氧化氮和一氧化碳之后的第三种气体信号分子,参与体内多种生理及病理过程,具有广泛的生物学效应。内源性H2S与肿瘤发生发展之间的关系已成为当前医学领域的一项崭新的研究课题。     

硫化氢在炎症反应和ALI/ARDS中的作用机制

内源性气体信号分子硫化氢（H2S）被发现后,其在呼吸系统等全身多个系统生理与病理生理过程都发挥了重要的作用。研究发现,H2S在炎症发生、发展过程中以及在ALI/ARDS等呼吸系统发挥抗炎或促炎,抗氧化应激等多个方面作用。现将H2S与炎症反应的关系,     

硫化氢的中枢心血管调节机制

硫化氢(H2S)是继一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化碳(CO)之后的第3种内源性气体信号分子.研究显示H2S对神经系统、呼吸系统、消化系统和心血管系统具有调节效应,在正常生理功能和病理生理过程的调控中发挥重要生物学作用.近年来,H2S的中枢心血管调节作用逐渐引起重视,并表现出复杂的调节效果.本文主要介绍H2S对血压调节中枢相关核团的作用特点,并分析H2S在中枢心血管功能调控中的意义及其进展.     

气体信号分子H2S研究进展

近年来,随着对机体内源性气体信号分子研究的深入,发现内源性H2S气体具有调节神经系统、消化系统以及心血管系统等系统功能的作用.……     

硫化氢和同型半胱氨酸在动脉粥样硬化病变中的研究现状

动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)性病变是目前世界上心血管疾病的发生率与死亡率高的首位原因,严重危害人们的生命健康安全。动脉粥样硬化主要累及大中动脉,是一种慢性复杂的累进型病理过称。高同型半胱氨酸血症(Hyperho-mocysteinemia,HHcy)是动脉粥样硬化形成的独立危险因子,它可以通过转硫基作用等转化成硫化氢,但是其致病机制尚未完全阐明。近年来,硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)因其在心血管健康和内稳态调节平衡方面的诸多积极性作用而受到重要关注。新近研究发现H2S在动脉粥样硬化病变过程中发挥重要作用。AS的发生发展与同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)和H2S存在一定的内在联系,本文拟对此方面的研究和认识作一综述。     

Biphasic regulation of hydrogen sulfide in inflammation

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S),which was formerly recognized as a colorless,toxic gas,was recently reported to be a novel gasotransmitter.Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) are the two main H2S-generating enzymes characterized by tissue-specific expression.CSE is predominantly located in the heart.1 Like its two cousins nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO),H2S is a simple inorganic molecule with similar properties,such as rapid diffusion and a short life span.H2S is involved in the multi functional regulation of vasodilation,inflammation,cellular cycle,ischemia/reperfusion,oxidative stress and neuromodulation.Duet al firstly described H2S as a messenger molecule in cardiovascular system.Meanwhile,the role of H2S in inflammation has attracted growing interest in recent years as a large number of experiments have been performed to identify its effect in different animal models with multi-target approaches.Further studies have explored the molecular mechanism of action for H2S including the reaction with disulfide groups and metal ions in proteins to regulate enzymatic functions3 and the interplay between H2S and NO.4,5 To date,DL-propargylglycine (PAG) and NaHS are the two principal chemical entities used in related investigations.PAG,an irreversible inhibitor of the H2S-synthesizing enzyme CSE,is permeable to biomembrane and inhibits CSE activity by blocking substrate cysteine from binding to the active site.NaHS produces H2S in vivo and serves as exogenous H2S donor.     

Hydrogen sulfide is endogenously generated in rat skeletal muscle and exerts a protective effect against oxidative stress

Background Skeletal muscle has recently been recognized as an endocrine organ that can express,synthesize and secrete a variety of bioactive molecules which exert significant regulatory effects.Hydroge...     

内源性硫化氢对呼吸系统疾病作用的研究进展

近年来研究表明,硫化氢在机体内发挥着广泛的生物学效应,它与一氧化氮、一氧化碳一样具有分子小、可以自由通过细胞膜等特点,是一种新型气体信号分子。研究证实,硫化氢参与多种呼吸系统疾病的病理生理过程,为气体信号分子与呼吸系统疾病相关研究开辟了新的前景。本文就硫化氢的生成、代谢及其对呼吸系统疾病的调节作用进行综述。     

醇胺法选择性脱除H2S侧线实验研究

根据上海宝钢化工公司二期脱硫装置中脱硫选择性较低、能耗较高的现象 ,通过现场实验考察了一乙醇胺、N -甲基二乙醇胺及其各种配方对 H2 S、CO2 的脱除效率及脱硫选择性。发现在合适的气液比条件下 ,采用复合脱硫剂 DS3# ,可使原料气中 H2 S的脱除效率达到 96%以上 ,而对CO2 的脱除效率则低于 40 %     

Erythrocytic or serum hydrogen sulfide association with hypertension development in untreated essential hypertension

Background  Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) plays an important role in hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of erythrocyte and serum H₂S in patients with untreated essential hypertension.

Methods  We recruited 62 patients (age 22–74 years) with untreated prehypertension or hypertension, and 64 normotensive subjects (age 18–64 years). We assessed the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (MPST) protein expression in erythrocytes and measured the H₂S production from erythrocytes and serum H₂S levels, then analyzed the association of erythrocytic or serum H₂S content and blood pressure or cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., age, body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia). A stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate the possible relationship of erythrocytic H₂S in hypertension.

Results  In hypertensive patients, erythrocyte H₂S production ((111.04±29.20) nmol/min per 10⁸ erythrocytes) was higher than that in controls ((78.85±19.38) nmol/min per 10⁸ erythrocytes), and serum H₂S was also higher. The erythrocytic H₂S production was associated with increased systolic blood pressure (sBP), diastolic blood pressure (dBP), age, BMI, level of C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Serum H₂S was not associated with age or CRP. Stepwise regression analysis showed that erythrocytic H₂S production was correlated with sBP, TG, HDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum H₂S was correlated with dBP and TG. Results of receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that erythrocytic H₂S production was a more sensitive predictor of hypertension development than serum H₂S.

Conclusion  Erythrocytic or serum H₂S production is sensitive predictor of hypertension.

     

Hydrogen sulfide and vascular relaxation

Objective  To review the vasorelaxant effects of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in arterial rings in the cardiovascular system under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions and the possible mechanisms involved.

Data sources  The data in this review were obtained from Medline and Pubmed sources from 1997 to 2011 using the search terms “hydrogen sulfide” and “vascular relaxation”.

Study selection  Articles describing the role of hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of vascular activity and its vasorelaxant effects were selected.

Results  H₂S plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular tone. The vasomodulatory effects of H₂S depend on factors including concentration, species and tissue type. The H₂S donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), causes vasorelaxation of rat isolated aortic rings in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was more pronounced than that observed in pulmonary arterial rings. The expression of K_ATP channel proteins and mRNA in the aortic rings was increased compared with pulmonary artery rings. H₂S is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Downregulation of the endogenous H₂S pathway is an important factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The vasorelaxant effects of H₂S have been shown to be mediated by activation of K_ATP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells and via the induction of acidification due to activation of the Cl^-/HCO₃^- exchanger. It is speculated that the mechanisms underlying the vasoconstrictive function of H₂S in the aortic rings involves decreased NO production and inhibition of cAMP accumulation.

Conclusion  H₂S is an important endogenous gasotransmitter in the cardiovascular system and acts as a modulator of vascular tone in the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure.

     

慢性脑供血不足患者血清CBS、H_2S水平变化及意义

目的:探讨胱硫醚-β合酶(cystathionine beta-synthase,CBS)和硫化氢(H2S)在慢性脑供血不足(chron-ic cerebral circulation insufficiency,CCCI)发病机制中的作用及与CCCI高危因素的关系。方法:采用ELISA试剂盒和分光光度法分别检测98例CCCI患者和108名健康体检者的血清CBS、H2S含量,并按年龄、性别及合并症对两组含量测定结果进行分层比较,分析CCCI高危因素与血清CBS、H2S水平的关系。结果:⑴CCCI患者血清CBS、H2S水平均明显低于健康对照组(P<0.01);⑵4个年龄段CCCI患者血清CBS、H2S水平均明显低于同年龄段健康对照组(P均<0.01);⑶CCCI患者中,大于60岁、男性及合并高血压和/或糖尿病亚组的血清CBS、H2S水平分别明显低于55岁以下、女性及无合并症亚组(P均<0.01)。结论:血清CBS、H2S可能参与CCCI的发病过程,且其水平可能与CCCI高危因素相关。     

儿童青少年血浆新型气体信号分子硫化氢的参考值

目的 测定儿童与青少年血浆硫化氢含量的参考值.方法 健康儿童青少年200名,按照其年龄与性别分组,7～14岁75名(男43名,女32名),15～19岁125名(男64名,女61名),应用敏感硫电极法测定血浆硫化氢(H2S)含量.结果 学龄期7～14岁男孩血浆H2S含量为(52.2181±17.9400)μmol/L,女孩H2S含量为(51.9441±16.5448)μmol/L;15～19岁男孩血浆H2 S含量为(52.8771±14.1444)μmol/L,女孩H2 S含量为(53.6551±14.5563)μmol/L.各年龄组间及性别间差异均无显著性(P＞0.05),合并统计后得出儿童青少年血浆H2S含量的浓度均值为(52.8234±15.4339)μmol/L.结论 儿童青少年血浆H2S含量参考值为(52.8234±15.4339)μmol/L.