Surgical repair of congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis in children

目的 总结先天性主动脉瓣上狭窄(SVAS)外科治疗体会.方法 选择2003年3月至2010年5月收治的7例SVAS患儿,均在体外循环下以自体心包片用单片法加宽主动脉.结果 7例患儿体外循环时间61～98 min,平均(75.9±12.2)min;主动脉阻断时间35～63 min,平均(46.2±9.7)min.本组手术无严重并发症及死亡,术后超声心动图检查左室—主动脉压差10-21 mmHg,平均(13.3±3.8) mnHg,无主动脉瓣关闭不全.结论 主动脉单片法加宽治疗局限性SVAS可以获得理想的治疗效果.对William综合征患儿术前应进行更为详细的检查,了解是否合并其他心血管畸形.     

主动脉瓣上狭窄13例的外科治疗

目的 总结先天性主动脉瓣上狭窄(SVAS)术前诊断和外科治疗中的经验.方法 2005年1月-2011年6月收治SVAS患者13例,男8例,女5例,年龄1.9～19.0岁,平均(5.73±6.36)岁,局限性狭窄11例(84.6％),弥漫性狭窄2例(15.4％).Williams综合征4例(30.7％),9例合并其他心脏畸形,包括主动脉瓣狭窄3例,主动脉瓣关闭不全2例,冠状动脉畸形1例,合并动脉导管未闭1例,2例合并肺动脉狭窄,术前超声心动图检查漏诊1例,并发主动脉瓣狭窄.单片法加宽9例,倒“Y”法2例,三片法2例.结果 本组手术早期死亡2例,其余患者痊愈出院.局限型SVAS狭窄解除满意,压差降至0～20mmHg；弥漫型效果不佳,1例术后随访3年仍有轻到中度狭窄,目前仍在随访中.11例术后随访1个月～5年平均随访3.5年,心功能Ⅰ级10例,1Ⅱ级1例；随访无假性动脉瘤形成.结论 局限性主动脉瓣上狭窄的手术治疗效果良好,弥漫型手术治疗效果不佳,应谨慎选择手术治疗.     

儿童主动脉瓣上狭窄的外科治疗

目的总结先天性主动脉瓣上狭窄(SVAS)外科治疗体会。方法选择2003年3月至2010年5月收治的7例SVAS患儿,均在体外循环下以自体心包片用单片法加宽主动脉。结果 7例患儿体外循环时间61～98min,平均(75.9±12.2)min;主动脉阻断时间35～63min,平均(46.2±9.7)min。本组手术无严重并发症及死亡,术后超声心动图检查左室——主动脉压差10～21mmHg,平均(13.3±3.8)mmHg,无主动脉瓣关闭不全。结论主动脉单片法加宽治疗局限性SVAS可以获得理想的治疗效果。对William综合征患儿术前应进行更为详细的检查,了解是否合并其他心血管畸形。     

主动脉瓣下狭窄的外科治疗2例

目的：总结2例主动脉瓣下狭窄的手术治疗经验。方法：均行狭窄左室肌肉切除左室流出道疏通术。合并畸形1例,同期行矫正手术。结果：无手术死亡,未发生二尖瓣损伤。术后2例左室主动脉收缩压力差分别为10、15mmHg术后随访3年症状均消失。结论：本病一旦确诊,应尽快手术;术前超声心动图检查及术中常规主动脉根部探查,对防止合并畸形的漏诊尤为重要;手术关键是彻底疏通左室流出道;术中应防止二尖瓣、主动脉瓣及传导束损伤.     

先天性主动脉瓣下狭窄的外科治疗(附6例报告)

1985年7月至1989年10月,作者为6例先天性主动脉瓣下狭窄的病人进行手术治疗。根据病理分型,3例为隔膜型狭窄,3例为隧道型狭窄。其中合并畸形有动脉导管未闭2例,室间隔缺损1例及部分性房室管畸形1例。3例隔膜型狭窄的病人施行纤维膜切除,术后病人无压力阶差;另3例隧道型狭窄者施行肌部分切除术,手术死亡2例,存活的1例病人的压力阶差随术后时间的推延而增加。术后随访1～5年。     

先天性主动脉瓣下狭窄的外科治疗（附6例报告）

1985年7月至1989年10月，作为6例先天性主动脉瓣下狭窄的病人进行手术治疗。根据病理分型，3例为隔膜型狭窄，3例为隧道型狭窄。其中合并畸形有动脉导管未闭2例，室间隔缺损1例及部分性房室管畸形1例。3例隔膜型狭窄的病人施行纤维膜切除，术后病人无压力阶差；另3例隧道型狭窄施行肌部分切除术，手术死亡2例，存活的1例病人的压力阶差随术后时间的推延而增加。术后随访1～5年。     

先天性主动脉瓣二叶畸形的外科治疗

目的 总结先天性主动脉瓣二叶畸形患者的临床特点及外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月-2010年12月我科行外科手术治疗的先天性主动脉瓣二叶畸形患者34例,年龄23-78(51.0±12.4)岁,其中男性28例(82.3%),女性6例(17.6%).单纯主动脉瓣狭窄10例(29.4%),主动脉瓣狭窄伴关闭不全19例(55.8%),单纯主动脉瓣关闭不全5例(14.7%).合并主动脉根部扩张30例(88.2%),合并感染性心内膜炎6例(17.6%).行单纯主动脉瓣置换术32例,行Bentall 术1例,主动脉瓣置换+ 升主动脉置换术1例.其中21例植入机械瓣,13例植入生物瓣.结果 无死亡及其他严重并发症.术后超声心动图示升主动脉内径((45.4±5.9)mm vs(40.9±6.5)mm,P<0.05)及左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)((56.9±15.5)mm vs 年44.3±9.0)mm,P<0.05)较术前明显减小.结论 先天性主动脉瓣二叶畸形合并主动脉根部扩张要根据病情行不同方式手术.     

右室双出口手术治疗16例

目的:总结右室双出口(DORV)手术治疗经验和教训。方法:16例DORV手术治疗中,主动脉瓣下型室间隔缺损(VSD)11例,肺动脉瓣下型VSD1例,两大动脉瓣下型VSD4例。合并肺动脉高压者13例,肺动脉瓣(或肺动脉干)狭窄3例。所有患者均合并房间膈缺损或动脉导管未闭等畸形。采用体外循环下经肺动脉瓣上横切口左心室-主动脉心内隧道连接4例,右室流出道纵切口左心室-主动脉心内隧道连接跨瓣补片和不跨瓣补片11例,左心室-主动脉心内隧道连接及右室流出道超常加宽连接肺动脉干1例。结果:住院期间死亡2例,其中1例重度肺动脉高压,手术关胸时心脏骤停,二次转流后不能停机,死亡。1例术后拔气管插管后6h,出现呼吸衰竭,再次插管后出现脑损害并发症,术后22d放弃治疗。其余患者痊愈出院。结论:手术根据右室双出口的类型,合并畸形及肺动脉压力,制定正确的个体化手术方案,保证重建的左右心室流出道通畅,术后严密监护均是手术成功的关键。     

小儿先天性主动脉瓣狭窄6例

本文报道经心导管检查、心血管造影、手术或尸检证实的先天性主动脉瓣狭窄6例。其中3例为主动脉瓣膜狭窄,3例为主动脉瓣下狭窄。瓣膜狭窄多为二瓣叶畸形且常合并其他心血管畸形。6例中2例死于心衰,1例死于误诊术后,存活的3例中2例施行手术,1例以异搏定治疗。鉴于主动脉瓣狭窄常因合并其他心血管畸形而易误诊或漏诊,本文结合文献就此进行了诊断与治疗方法的讨论。     

经皮导管球囊成形术治疗先天性主动脉瓣和瓣下狭窄

目的　报道 1例主动脉瓣合并瓣下狭窄经皮球囊成形术治疗成功 ,获得良好近期疗效 ,并作简要讨论。方法　男性患儿 ,11岁 ,发作晕厥 2次 ,心功能 (NYHA) 2级。超声显示主动脉瓣增厚伴开放受限 ,瓣下距瓣环 4mm处见一隔膜样结构 ,主动脉瓣环处内径 19mm。造影诊断先天性主动脉瓣和瓣下狭窄 (隔膜型 )。心导管检查测得狭窄的压力阶差为 70mmHg。经右股动脉穿刺送入 18mm× 40mm球囊进行扩张。结果　术后造影显示主动脉瓣和瓣下狭窄基本消失 ,其压力阶差降至 2 4mmHg。超声心动图复查示主动脉瓣下隔膜由原固定不动变为随左室舒缩而摆动。结论　作为一种少创有效的介入技术经皮导管球囊成形术治疗主动脉瓣合并瓣下狭窄 1例获得良好效果 ,中远期疗效需进一步随防观察     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.