针刺足阳明经穴对大鼠胃肌电穴位特异性及胃电传出途径的实验研究

目的：探讨足阳明经对大鼠胃肌电穴位特异性影响及其传出途径研究.方法：选用足阳明经头面部四白、地仓穴,以及手太阳经颧髎穴及非经非穴四白旁开点,比较观察电针对禁食24h麻醉状态下大鼠胃肌电的影响;并通过腹注阿托品、六烃季胺、利血平神经阻断剂,观察传出途径阻断后电针四白穴对大鼠胃肌电的影响.结果：电针四白、地仓穴对胃电振幅、时程及峰簇数的发放具有一定的兴奋效应,其效应以四白穴作用最为明显,地仓次之,与针刺前比较均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,而电针颧髎、四白旁开点,对胃电活动则无明显作用,与针刺前比较均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;针刺四白穴能部分取消阿托品、六烃季胺对大鼠胃电的抑制效应,部分增强利血平后大鼠胃电的兴奋效应.结论：电针足阳明经对大鼠胃肌电具有一定的兴奋效应,其调整作用具有经脉、穴位的相对特异性.而电针对胃电的调整作用,与胆碱能神经、交感神经、肾上腺素能神经的参与有关.     

足阳明经对大鼠胃肌电穴位特异性研究

目的:探讨足阳明经对大鼠胃肌电的穴位特异性影响.方法:采用现代电生理技术,选择足阳明经"四白"、"地仓"穴及手太阳小肠经"颧髎"穴及"四白旁开点"做同步对照,将32只大鼠随机分为四白组、颧髎组、地仓组、四白旁开组,每组8只,比较观察电针对禁食24 h麻醉状态下大鼠胃肌电的针刺效应.结果:电针四白、地仓穴组对胃电振幅、时程及峰簇数的发放具有一定的兴奋效应,其效应以四自穴作用最为明显,地仓次之,与针刺前比较均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而电针颧髎、四白旁开点,对胃电活动则无明显作用,与针刺前比较均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:电针足阳明经对大鼠胃肌电具有一定的兴奋效应,其调整作用具有经脉、穴位的相对特异性.     

电针四白穴对神经阻断大鼠胃肌电作用途径的研究

目的:探讨电针四白穴对神经阻断大鼠胃肌电的影响及作用途径。方法:通过腹注阿托品、六羟季胺、利血平等神经阻断剂,观察传出途径阻断后电针四白穴对大鼠胃肌电的影响。结果:电针四白穴对胃电振幅、时程及峰簇数的发放具有一定的兴奋效应,能部分取消阿托品、六羟季胺对大鼠胃电的抑制效应,部分增强利血平后大鼠胃电的兴奋效应。结论:电针足阳明经对大鼠胃肌电具有一定的兴奋效应,其调整作用与胆碱能神经、交感神经、肾上腺素能神经的参与有关。     

面口部腧穴对胃调节作用路径的研究

目的:观察针剌大鼠足阳明胃经面口部腧穴对胃功能影响,研究面口部腧穴调节胃功能的传入与传出路径。方法:雌性SPF级大鼠36只,随机分为电针+利血平组、电针+六烃季铵组、电针+阿托品组、电针+蛇毒组、电针+辣椒素组、单纯电针组、电针+切断组,分别阻断传入、传出神经后给予针刺四白穴,观察胃排空率。结果:阻断胆碱能、去甲肾上腺素能神经可减弱针刺四白穴后胃排空的增强效应;迷走神经切断后大鼠胃排空显著延迟。结论:胆碱能、去甲肾上腺素能神经不同程度地参与了胃功能的调控,除外以上两种神经外,应该还存在其他的神经传导路径调控胃运动。迷走神经可促进胃排空运动,具体作用路径有待进一步研究。     

电针足阳明经穴对家兔胃运动和胃动素的影响

目的:观察电针足阳明经穴对胃运动和胃动素含量的影响及足阳明经与胃的相关规律.方法:40只家兔随机分为5组,即四白组、梁门组、足三里组、非经非穴组和模型组.运用消化道腔外电桥式应力传感器记录法,观察胃运动的变化,以放射免疫法检测胃动素的含量.结果:造模前,四白穴组和足三里穴组电针后,振幅指数显著升高,与针前比较差异有非常显著性意义(P＜0.01);造模后,四白穴组电针后,振幅指数显著升高,与针前比较差异显著(P＜0.01).电针各组穴位对收缩波数目百分率和胃动素的影响,针前针后比较,均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:提示电针足阳明经四白、足三里穴,可使家兔胃运动振幅指数升高,足阳明经与胃具有相关性.     

针刺大鼠“四白”传入信息对孤束核神经元放电的影响

目的:比较足阳明经中远近腧穴及手太阳小肠经腧穴和非经非穴点的传入信息在孤束核(NTS)的差异。方法:采用细胞外记录方法,以足阳明胃经“四白”穴为刺激点,并以同名经的“地仓”和“内庭”、手太阳小肠经的“颧”、非经非穴“四白”旁开点为对照,在刺激点上用手针施以捻转手法刺激30 s,在NTS寻找对来自体表刺激点有反应的神经元。结果:52只大鼠记录到资料完整的86个NTS神经元中,针刺“四白”后NTS有反应神经元出现的机率(含兴奋和抑制性神经元)为65.12%,而针刺“地仓”“内庭”“颧”“四白”旁开点有反应神经元出现的机率分别为50.00%、46.51%、34.88%、31.40%。统计表明,针刺“四白”后NTS有反应神经元出现的机率均极显著地高于针刺“地仓”“内庭”“颧”“四白”旁开点后有反应神经元出现的机率(P<0.01);针刺“地仓”和“内庭”后NTS有反应神经元出现的机率均显著高于刺激“颧”和“四白”旁开点的有反应神经元出现机率(P<0.05)。针刺上述穴和非穴区,NTS神经元主要是以兴奋为主。针刺“四白”“地仓”“内庭”“颧”“四白”旁开点,其兴奋性神经元频率变化率分别为(35.08±4.80)%、(28.25±5.46)%(、27.57±4.87)%、(20.02±4.23)%(、18.55±2.49)%,“四白”与各组之间有显著性或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),“地仓”“内庭”与“颧”“四白”旁开点亦有显著性或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:与手太阳小肠经穴以及非经非穴点比较,足阳明经穴与NTS的关系更密切;足阳明经中远近腧穴的信息传入在NTS亦存在着一定的差异,这提示腧穴均有一定的特异性。     

针刺足阳明经穴对健康人胃电、胃阻抗总功率的影响

目的：探讨足阳明经与胃的相关规律。方法：应用EGG动态频谱分析仪和胃阻抗频谱分析仪对50例健康人进行足阳明经针刺前后、胃电、胃阻抗总功率(PTP)的检测。结果：针刺四白穴能使胃电总功率明显增高，针刺足三里和四白穴均能使胃阻抗总功率明显增高。结论：说明针刺足阳明经穴对胃的运动功能具有良好的调整作用。     

电针足阳明经穴对胃窦胆囊收缩素受体基因表达的影响

目的:探讨足阳明经与胃的特异相关性的内在机制.方法:将60只家兔随机分为A.生理盐水组;B.阿托品组;C."足三里"组(足阳明经);D."阳陵泉"组(足少阳经);E."四白"组(足阳明经);F."承筋"组(足太阳经).除A组外,各组均静脉滴注阿托品,与此同时C～F组分别电针"足三里""阳陵泉""四白"及"承筋"穴20 min.取胃窦平滑肌组织,采用RT-PCR方法测上述组织内胆囊收缩素受体基因(CCKA-R-mRNA)的表达.结果:电针足阳明经"足三里""四白"能上调胃窦组织中CCKA-R-mRNA的表达(P<0.01),电针足少阳经"阳陵泉"及足太阳经"承筋"穴则无此效应(P>0.05).结论:①CCKA-R-mRNA表达增强是电针足阳明经穴对胃运动功能产生兴奋作用的内在机制之一,针刺足阳明经对胃运动的影响,不仅与相关的脑肠肽的释放有关,还与其相应受体基因表达的强弱有关;②足阳明经与胃相关具有相对特异性.     

电解损毁孤束核对电针效应的影响

目的：探讨四白穴与胃特异性联系的初级中枢机制。方法：成年SD大鼠21只,随机分成四白穴组、阳白穴组和假损毁组,每组7只。在大鼠体内埋置胃电极,通过电解损毁孤束核（NTS）,观察电针四白穴、阳白穴对胃肌电的作用。结果：电针四白穴后,快波峰簇数明显增加,与针前比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）;NTS损毁后,快波峰簇数较针后明显下降（P〈0.01）。电针阳白穴对大鼠胃肌电无明显的兴奋作用;假损毁组,假损毁NTS后电针四白穴对大鼠胃肌电的兴奋作用无影响。结论：NTS参与电针四白穴对大鼠胃肌电的兴奋作用,是四白穴和胃特异性联系的重要中枢之一。     

电针足阳明经穴对家兔胃粘膜损伤的即时性保护作用

目的：观察针刺对胃粘膜的保护作用并探计其作用机制。方法：用无水乙醇灌胃造成家兔急性胃粘膜损伤模型，观察电针足阳明胃经四白、粱门、足三里穴对胃粘膜损伤的影响。结果：电针四白穴，可降低胃粘膜损伤指数，使胃液胃泌素的含量下降，血浆PGE2的含量增加；而电针其它穴位和非穴位无明显变化。结论：电针四白穴对胃粘膜损伤有保护作用，并具有一定的相对特异性。     

NEURONS DISCHARGE AND C-FOS EXPRESSION IN NTS FOLLOWING ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AT ACUPOINTS OF STOMACH MERIDIAN OF FOOTYANGMING

The nucleus of solitary tract(NTS) is a primary center for both visceral afferents and somatic afferents.Previous experiments demonstrated that NTS is associated with the connection of the stomach and acupoints in Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming(ST Meridian).In this study, extracellular recording and immunochemistry method were used to analyze the discharging neurons and c-Fos protein expression in NTS after electroacupuncture at different acupoints and non-acupoint.A total of 104 discharging neurons were detected in the NTS of 52 rats, of which, 86 were provided with complete data.After acupuncturing at Sibai(ST2), Zusanli(ST36), Neiting(ST44), Quanliao(SI18) and non-acupoint, the response neuron occurring rates(RNORs) in NTS were 65.12%, 51.16%, 46.51%, 34.88% and 31.40% respectively.For RNORs, there was a significant difference among Sibai(ST2), Zusanli(ST36), Neiting(ST44), Quanliao(SI18) and nonacupoint(P0.01 or P0.05).Accordingly, in other 48 rats, the number of c-fos immunoreactive(c-fos-IR) neurons in the NTS after electroacupuncture(EA) at Sibai(ST2) was significantly higher than that of at other acupoints and non-acupoint(P0.05 or P0.01).Both EA at Zusanli(ST36) and Neiting(ST44) increased c-fos-IR neurons significantly compared with that of at Quanliao(SI18) and non-acupoint(P0.05 or P0.01), while there was no difference between EA at Quanliao(SI18) and nonacupoint(P0.05).The experiments demonstrated that the afferent convergence in NTS is different by body surface point stimulus, which suggested that NTS might be a primary center in the central nervous system(CNS) which received acupoint stimulus from ST Meridian.     

Neuron Discharge and c-Fos Expression in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Following Electroacupuncture at Acupoints of the Yangming Stomach Meridian of Foot

The nucleus of the solitary tract (nucleus tractus solitarii; NTS) is a primary center for both visceral afferents and somatic afferents. Previous experiments have demonstrated that the NTS is closely connected to the stomach and acupoints in the Yangming Stomach Meridian of Foot (ST Meridian). In this study, extracellular recording and immunochemistry methods were used to analyze the discharge of neurons and c-Fos protein expression in the NTS following acupuncture at different acupoints and a nonacupoint. A total of 104 discharging neurons were detected in the NTS of 52 rats, of which 86 provided complete data. After acupuncture at Sibai (ST 2), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiting (ST 44), Quanliao (SI 18), and the nonacupoint, the neuron response rate in the NTS was 65.12%, 51.16%, 46.51%, 34.88% and 31.40% respectively. For neuron response rate, there was a significant difference among Sibai (ST 2), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiting (ST 44), Quanliao (SI 18), and the nonacupoint (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). In the other 48 rats, the number of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons in the NTS by electroacupuncture (EA) at Sibai (ST 2) group was significantly higher than that EA at other acupoints and the nonacupoint (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). EA at both Zusanli (ST 36) and Neiting (ST 44) increased c-Fos immunoreactive neurons significantly over EA at Quanliao (SI 18) and the nonacupoint (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), while there was no difference between EA at Quanliao (SI 18) and the nonacupoint group (p > 0.05). The experiments demonstrated that the afferent convergence in NTS are different by body surface points stimulus, which suggests that the NTS might be a primary center in the central nervous system receiving acupoints stimulus from the ST Meridian.     

NEURON DISCHARGE AND C-FOS EXPRESSION IN NUCLEUS OF THE SOLITARY TRACT FOLLOWING ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AT ACUPOINTS OF STOMACH MERIDIAN OF FOOT-YANGMING

Objective: The nucleus of the solitary tract(NTS) is a primary center for both visceral afferents and somatic afferents.Previous experiments demonstrated that NTS is associated with connection of the stomach and acupoints in the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming(ST Meridian).In this study, an extracellular recording and immunochemistry method was used to analyze the neuron discharge and c-fos protein expression in the NTS following acupuncture at different acupoints and non-acupoint.Methods: A total of 104 discharging neurons were detected in the NTS of 52 rats, of which, 86 were provided with complete data.Results: After acupuncture at Sibai(ST2), Zusanli(ST36), Neiting(ST44), Quanliao(SI18) and non-acupoint, the response neuron occurring rates(RNORs) in the NTS were 65.12%, 51.16%, 46.51%, 34.88% and 31.40%, respectively.For RNOR,there was a significant difference among ST2, ST36, ST44, SI18 and non-acupoint(P0.01 or P0.05).Accordingly, in other 48 rats, the number of c-fos immunoreactive(c-fos-IR) neurons in the NTS after electroacupuncture(EA) at ST2 was significantly higher than at other acupoints and non-acupoint(P0.05 or P0.01).Both EA at ST36 and at ST44 increased c-fos-IR neurons significantly as compared with EA at SI18 and non-acupoint(P0.05 or P0.01), while there was no difference between EA at SI18 and at non-acupoint groups(P0.05).Conclusion: The experiment demonstrated that the afferent convergence in the NTS was different by body surface point stimulus, which suggested that NTS might be a primary center in the central nervous system receiving acupoint stimulus from ST Meridian.     

基于集合可视化分析系统探索针灸治疗面肌痉挛的选穴规律

目的:基于集合可视化分析系统与Apriori算法探索针灸治疗面肌痉挛的选穴规律。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普网和万方数据建库至2019年9月27日中有关针灸治疗面肌痉挛的相关文献。对符合研究标准的文献进行相关内容提取及录入,利用R3.6.1进行集合可视化分析与Apriori算法分析针灸治疗面肌痉挛的选穴规律。结果:本研究最终纳入文献159篇,针灸处方185个,腧穴122个。其中,应用频次较高的腧穴为合谷、太冲、地仓、太阳、颧髎、四白、颊车、阿是穴、翳风、攒竹、风池和下关;腧穴的所属经脉以足阳明胃经、经外奇穴、手阳明大肠经和足少阳胆经为主;腧穴的分布以头颈部及四肢部为主。集合可视化分析、腧穴关联规则分析以及腧穴组合网络分析均一致表明上述腧穴的组合可能是针灸治疗面肌痉挛的关键腧穴。结论:本研究结果显示的选穴规律符合针灸治疗面肌痉挛的病因病机,可为临床研究提供参考价值。     

电针足阳明经穴对家兔胃粘膜损伤细胞保护作用的研究

本实验采用无水乙醇灌胃造成胃粘膜损伤后 ,分别电针足阳明经“四白”、“梁门”、“足三里”三个不同段代表穴 ,及“足三里”外 2cm的对照点 ,观察其对胃粘膜损伤后的细胞保护作用 ,以证实足阳明经与胃的相关性。结果发现 ,分别电针“四白”、“梁门”、“足三里”7日后 ,均能使胃粘膜损伤指数显著降低。电针“足三里”后 ,胃液及胃粘膜PGE2 与其他各组比较均显著增高 (P <0 0 5或 0 0 1 ) ,血清NO与模型组、电针“足三里”外 2cm组比较亦见明显增高 (P <0 0 5) ;电针“四白”、“梁门”、“足三里”以及空白组胃粘膜EGF与未经电针的模型组比较均有显著差异 (P <0 0 5或0 0 1 )。提示 ,电针家兔足阳明经不同节段的腧穴均对胃粘膜损伤细胞有保护作用 ,其中以“足三里”最满意 ,说明足阳明经与胃具有相关性 ,与此同时 ,同一经脉的穴位对相关脏腑的作用亦有着相对的特异性     

大鼠头面部腧穴和胃扩张传入信息在孤束核的汇聚-c-fos表达的研究

目的 探讨电针大鼠头面部腧穴和胃扩张刺激诱导大鼠孤束核(Nucleus of Solitary Tract,NTS)的原癌基因c-fos表达及意义。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为6组:电针“四白”穴组、电针“四白”穴旁开组、电针“颊车”穴组、电针“颧髎”穴组、胃扩张模型组和空白对照组。采用免疫组织化学方法观察c-fos在NTS的表达。结果 电针“四白”穴组和胃扩张模型组NTS内均有较多的FOS样免疫反应(FLI)阳性神经元表达,且主要分布于内侧亚核(mNTS),并以延髓中尾段分布较多,其余亚核内较为稀疏,两组的FLI阳性神经元数目在mNTS比较,P>0.05;电针“颧髎”穴组和电针“颊车”穴组亦有一定数量的FLI阳性神经元表达;电针“四白”旁开组有少量FLI阳性神经元表达;空白组只有正常状态下的低FLI阳性神经元表达。结论 电针“四白”穴和胃扩张模型在mNTS内大量的FLI阳性神经元表达,两者的高表达提示来自电针“四白”穴和胃扩张刺激的感觉传入可能会在NTS发生汇聚、整合,从而影响胃的机能状态;此外,亦在形态学上为经脉脏腑相关跨神经节的初级中枢联系机制提供部分合理的解释。     

Neurons in the NTS of rat response to gastric distention stimulation and acupuncture at body surface points

The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a primary center, not only for receiving visceral afferents, but also for somatic afferents. Previous experiments demonstrated that NTS might be a primary afferent center for connecting the Stomach Meridian (ST Medirian) and the Stomach. In this study, an extracellular recording method was used to analyze the firing neurons. The variety of NTS' neurons' responses to gastric distention (GD) and different body surface points were compared. In 52 rats, 104 firing neurons of NTS were recorded, in which there were 47 GD related neurons. For the 47 GD related neurons, there were 33 neurons responsive to acupuncture at sibai (ST 2, belonging to ST Meridian). Therefore, in the 47 GD related neurons, the response neuron occurring rate (RNOR) for acupuncture at ST 2 was 70.21%. Meanwhile in the 47 GD related neurons, when acupuncture was performed at Quanliao (SI 18, belonging to Small Intestine Meridian) and non-acupoint respectively, there were 18 and 17 firing neurons, and the RNOR were 38.30% and 36.17% respectively. The experiment demonstrated that there were some varieties in the response of NTS neurons to GD stimuli and acupuncture at different body surface points, which suggested that the ST Meridian was more intimately linked to the stomach and that the different acupoints do have some specificity.     

基于数据挖掘技术探讨针灸治疗面肌痉挛的选穴规律

目的:探索针灸治疗面肌痉挛的选穴特点和规律。方法:选取近10年针灸治疗面肌痉挛的临床文献,采用Excel软件建立针灸治疗面肌痉挛处方主穴数据库,运用数据挖掘技术中的关联规则方法和聚类分析,总结针灸处方选穴的特点和规律。结果:共纳入76条针灸处方,涉及腧穴61个,穴位使用总频数为568次,其中使用频数最高的穴位、经络、部位分别为合谷(169次)、足阳明胃经(146次)和头面部(405次),使用频数最高的特定穴为交会穴。关联分析结果显示支持度最高的穴位组合为合谷-太冲,聚类分析结果显示存在6个有效聚类群。结论:面肌痉挛的选穴以局部为主,结合远端选穴,重视阳明经穴及交会穴的使用,临床可以使用"三阴交-足三里-百会-承浆-迎香-阳白"、"地仓-太阳-四白"、"颧髎-风池-颊车-下关-翳风-攒竹"组合,并结合不同临床分型辨证施治。     

针刺足阳明经穴对家兔胃窦平滑肌细胞舒缩长度的影响

目的 :从细胞水平研究足阳明经与胃相关的特异性。方法 :将 45只家兔随机分为生理盐水组、阿托品模型组、针刺足阳明经穴组、针刺足少阳经穴组、针刺足太阳经穴组 ,每组 9只。分组处理后 ,取胃窦平滑肌 ,制成活的单个平滑肌细胞悬液 ,在显微镜下以测微尺测定细胞舒缩长度。结果 :针刺足阳明经穴组的胃窦平滑肌细胞长度明显短于其他各组 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :针刺足阳明经穴能使经阿托品阻断的胃窦平滑肌细胞产生明显的收缩效应 ,进一步证实了足阳明经与胃之间存在特异性的联系。