NEURON DISCHARGE AND C-FOS EXPRESSION IN NUCLEUS OF THE SOLITARY TRACT FOLLOWING ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AT ACUPOINTS OF STOMACH MERIDIAN OF FOOT-YANGMING

Objective: The nucleus of the solitary tract(NTS) is a primary center for both visceral afferents and somatic afferents.Previous experiments demonstrated that NTS is associated with connection of the stomach and acupoints in the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming(ST Meridian).In this study, an extracellular recording and immunochemistry method was used to analyze the neuron discharge and c-fos protein expression in the NTS following acupuncture at different acupoints and non-acupoint.Methods: A total of 104 discharging neurons were detected in the NTS of 52 rats, of which, 86 were provided with complete data.Results: After acupuncture at Sibai(ST2), Zusanli(ST36), Neiting(ST44), Quanliao(SI18) and non-acupoint, the response neuron occurring rates(RNORs) in the NTS were 65.12%, 51.16%, 46.51%, 34.88% and 31.40%, respectively.For RNOR,there was a significant difference among ST2, ST36, ST44, SI18 and non-acupoint(P0.01 or P0.05).Accordingly, in other 48 rats, the number of c-fos immunoreactive(c-fos-IR) neurons in the NTS after electroacupuncture(EA) at ST2 was significantly higher than at other acupoints and non-acupoint(P0.05 or P0.01).Both EA at ST36 and at ST44 increased c-fos-IR neurons significantly as compared with EA at SI18 and non-acupoint(P0.05 or P0.01), while there was no difference between EA at SI18 and at non-acupoint groups(P0.05).Conclusion: The experiment demonstrated that the afferent convergence in the NTS was different by body surface point stimulus, which suggested that NTS might be a primary center in the central nervous system receiving acupoint stimulus from ST Meridian.     

NEURONS DISCHARGE AND C-FOS EXPRESSION IN NTS FOLLOWING ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AT ACUPOINTS OF STOMACH MERIDIAN OF FOOTYANGMING

The nucleus of solitary tract(NTS) is a primary center for both visceral afferents and somatic afferents.Previous experiments demonstrated that NTS is associated with the connection of the stomach and acupoints in Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming(ST Meridian).In this study, extracellular recording and immunochemistry method were used to analyze the discharging neurons and c-Fos protein expression in NTS after electroacupuncture at different acupoints and non-acupoint.A total of 104 discharging neurons were detected in the NTS of 52 rats, of which, 86 were provided with complete data.After acupuncturing at Sibai(ST2), Zusanli(ST36), Neiting(ST44), Quanliao(SI18) and non-acupoint, the response neuron occurring rates(RNORs) in NTS were 65.12%, 51.16%, 46.51%, 34.88% and 31.40% respectively.For RNORs, there was a significant difference among Sibai(ST2), Zusanli(ST36), Neiting(ST44), Quanliao(SI18) and nonacupoint(P0.01 or P0.05).Accordingly, in other 48 rats, the number of c-fos immunoreactive(c-fos-IR) neurons in the NTS after electroacupuncture(EA) at Sibai(ST2) was significantly higher than that of at other acupoints and non-acupoint(P0.05 or P0.01).Both EA at Zusanli(ST36) and Neiting(ST44) increased c-fos-IR neurons significantly compared with that of at Quanliao(SI18) and non-acupoint(P0.05 or P0.01), while there was no difference between EA at Quanliao(SI18) and nonacupoint(P0.05).The experiments demonstrated that the afferent convergence in NTS is different by body surface point stimulus, which suggested that NTS might be a primary center in the central nervous system(CNS) which received acupoint stimulus from ST Meridian.     

Neuron Discharge and c-Fos Expression in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Following Electroacupuncture at Acupoints of the Yangming Stomach Meridian of Foot

The nucleus of the solitary tract (nucleus tractus solitarii; NTS) is a primary center for both visceral afferents and somatic afferents. Previous experiments have demonstrated that the NTS is closely connected to the stomach and acupoints in the Yangming Stomach Meridian of Foot (ST Meridian). In this study, extracellular recording and immunochemistry methods were used to analyze the discharge of neurons and c-Fos protein expression in the NTS following acupuncture at different acupoints and a nonacupoint. A total of 104 discharging neurons were detected in the NTS of 52 rats, of which 86 provided complete data. After acupuncture at Sibai (ST 2), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiting (ST 44), Quanliao (SI 18), and the nonacupoint, the neuron response rate in the NTS was 65.12%, 51.16%, 46.51%, 34.88% and 31.40% respectively. For neuron response rate, there was a significant difference among Sibai (ST 2), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiting (ST 44), Quanliao (SI 18), and the nonacupoint (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). In the other 48 rats, the number of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons in the NTS by electroacupuncture (EA) at Sibai (ST 2) group was significantly higher than that EA at other acupoints and the nonacupoint (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). EA at both Zusanli (ST 36) and Neiting (ST 44) increased c-Fos immunoreactive neurons significantly over EA at Quanliao (SI 18) and the nonacupoint (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), while there was no difference between EA at Quanliao (SI 18) and the nonacupoint group (p > 0.05). The experiments demonstrated that the afferent convergence in NTS are different by body surface points stimulus, which suggests that the NTS might be a primary center in the central nervous system receiving acupoints stimulus from the ST Meridian.     

针刺大鼠“四白”传入信息对孤束核神经元放电的影响

目的:比较足阳明经中远近腧穴及手太阳小肠经腧穴和非经非穴点的传入信息在孤束核(NTS)的差异。方法:采用细胞外记录方法,以足阳明胃经“四白”穴为刺激点,并以同名经的“地仓”和“内庭”、手太阳小肠经的“颧”、非经非穴“四白”旁开点为对照,在刺激点上用手针施以捻转手法刺激30 s,在NTS寻找对来自体表刺激点有反应的神经元。结果:52只大鼠记录到资料完整的86个NTS神经元中,针刺“四白”后NTS有反应神经元出现的机率(含兴奋和抑制性神经元)为65.12%,而针刺“地仓”“内庭”“颧”“四白”旁开点有反应神经元出现的机率分别为50.00%、46.51%、34.88%、31.40%。统计表明,针刺“四白”后NTS有反应神经元出现的机率均极显著地高于针刺“地仓”“内庭”“颧”“四白”旁开点后有反应神经元出现的机率(P<0.01);针刺“地仓”和“内庭”后NTS有反应神经元出现的机率均显著高于刺激“颧”和“四白”旁开点的有反应神经元出现机率(P<0.05)。针刺上述穴和非穴区,NTS神经元主要是以兴奋为主。针刺“四白”“地仓”“内庭”“颧”“四白”旁开点,其兴奋性神经元频率变化率分别为(35.08±4.80)%、(28.25±5.46)%(、27.57±4.87)%、(20.02±4.23)%(、18.55±2.49)%,“四白”与各组之间有显著性或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),“地仓”“内庭”与“颧”“四白”旁开点亦有显著性或极显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:与手太阳小肠经穴以及非经非穴点比较,足阳明经穴与NTS的关系更密切;足阳明经中远近腧穴的信息传入在NTS亦存在着一定的差异,这提示腧穴均有一定的特异性。     

主客原络配穴法针刺治疗中风后言语功能障碍疗效观察

目的观察主客原络配穴法针刺治疗中风后言语功能障碍的临床疗效。方法 60例患者随机分为治疗组(选取足太阴脾经原穴太白和足阳明胃经络穴丰隆,加基础治疗和康复治疗)和对照组(足阳明胃经原穴冲阳和足太阴脾经络穴公孙,加基础治疗和康复治疗),观察两种治疗方法对中风后言语功能障碍的作用,并分别采用北京医院的汉语失语检查法和失语症严重程度分级标准评定患者言语功能。结果治疗组愈显率、总有效率明显优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论主客原络配穴法针刺治疗中风言语功能障碍有明确疗效,同时在治疗该病的过程中,主客原络配穴法中太白配丰隆的配穴方法优于冲阳配公孙。     

切断胃经沿线脂肪条带结构对针刺“足三里”镇痛作用的影响

目的:观察大鼠胃经沿线脂肪条带结构与胃经镇痛功能的相关作用。方法:SD大鼠16只,在大鼠胃经沿线脂肪条带结构上手术切除6 mm长一段,1周后针刺“后三里”,测定针刺前后痛阈,并与术前、非手术侧、对照组针刺痛阈进行对比。结果:切断大鼠胃经沿线脂肪条带结构,针刺前后的痛阈未产生有统计学意义的变化,与术前、非手术侧和对照组针刺痛阈变化对比具有显著意义。结论:大鼠胃经沿线脂肪条带结构与胃经镇痛功能密切相关。     

胃经和心包经穴位对多器官功能调节的实验观察

目的 观察和比较心包经和胃经对胃和心脏机能的调节。方法：用药物(盐酸消旋山莨菪碱)制作胃和心脏机能偏态的背景。分别针刺分属心包经的3个穴位和胃经的4个穴位．同步观察针刺后心脏和胃的机能变化，比较不同穴住针刺后的调节效应。结果：(1)心包经和胃经的不同穴住针刺效应基本一致。(2)各个穴位刺后基本完奎克服药物对胃电节律的影响。(3)各个穴位针刺后可部分消除药物对胃电波幅和心率的影响。结论：(1)胃经和心包经的穴位对胃和心脏的调节无明显差异。(2)针刺对胃电节肆的调控效果优于对胃电波幅和心率的调控效果，     

经脉线与非经脉线微循环血流灌注量的比较及针刺对其的影响

目的:比较常态下胃经与其两侧旁开的非经对照点的微循环血流灌注量有无差异以及电针对其的影响。方法:应用激光多谱勒血流仪,对21名健康成年志愿者进行观察。先将418-1型测试探头固定在所要测试部位,然后将一次性静脉留置针在胃经的上巨虚、梁丘、阴市、伏兔4个穴位和阴市与伏兔中点的非穴位点及其左右旁开1cm对照点插至1cm深度,导入光纤,尽量减少直射光的干扰,分别检测常态下及电针足三里时经脉线与非经脉线微循环血流灌注量情况。结果:①上巨虚、梁丘、阴市、伏兔4个穴位和阴市-伏兔中点的非穴位点的深部组织微循环血流灌注量都高于其两侧旁开非经对照点(P<0.01);②与电针前比,电针后胃经线下深部组织微循环血流灌注量较针前略有增高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③电针刺激可以使胃经循行线下的微循环更加均匀、顺畅。结论:沿胃经循行线下深部组织中的微循环血流灌注量均高于两侧非经对照部位,电针刺激可以使胃经循行线下的微循环更加均匀、顺畅,证实深部组织中的血流是形成循经红外辐射轨迹的主要热源,也可能是经脉参与人体机能调节活动的重要基础。     

基于数据挖掘的针灸治疗胰岛素抵抗用穴规律研究

目的:分析针灸治疗胰岛素抵抗的用穴特点和规律。方法:通过检索PubMed、中国知网、维普全文期刊数据库等收集1991年-2016年针灸治疗胰岛素抵抗文献,建立针灸处方数据库,运用数据挖掘技术,分析处方选穴特点和规律。结果:纳入文献64篇,选穴73个。分析发现选用腧穴以足三里、三阴交、丰隆、太冲使用频次最高,所选腧穴遍布十三经,以足阳明胃经、足太阳膀胱经、任脉为主,占总频次的58.07%。五输穴、交会穴、背俞穴等特定穴使用广泛,占56.71%。结论:总结出针灸治疗胰岛素抵抗的主穴常用组合规律,为临床针灸治疗胰岛素抵抗提供循证依据。     

基于数据挖掘技术探讨针灸治疗面肌痉挛的选穴规律

目的:探索针灸治疗面肌痉挛的选穴特点和规律。方法:选取近10年针灸治疗面肌痉挛的临床文献,采用Excel软件建立针灸治疗面肌痉挛处方主穴数据库,运用数据挖掘技术中的关联规则方法和聚类分析,总结针灸处方选穴的特点和规律。结果:共纳入76条针灸处方,涉及腧穴61个,穴位使用总频数为568次,其中使用频数最高的穴位、经络、部位分别为合谷(169次)、足阳明胃经(146次)和头面部(405次),使用频数最高的特定穴为交会穴。关联分析结果显示支持度最高的穴位组合为合谷-太冲,聚类分析结果显示存在6个有效聚类群。结论:面肌痉挛的选穴以局部为主,结合远端选穴,重视阳明经穴及交会穴的使用,临床可以使用"三阴交-足三里-百会-承浆-迎香-阳白"、"地仓-太阳-四白"、"颧髎-风池-颊车-下关-翳风-攒竹"组合,并结合不同临床分型辨证施治。     

大鼠孤束核葡萄糖敏感神经元、胰岛素敏感神经元对耳甲电针的反应

目的:初步探讨耳针降糖作用的中枢机制。方法:微电极胞外记录孤束核(NTS)神经元活动,将记录的细胞随机分为颈静脉注射葡萄糖组、胰岛素组及耳甲电针组,观察上述处理因素对各组神经元放电活动的影响。结果:NTS存在葡萄糖敏感和胰岛素敏感神经元,葡萄糖敏感神经元中抑制型占37.3%,兴奋型占10.9%;胰岛素敏感神经元中兴奋型占33.3%,抑制型占4.9%;电针耳甲,NTS神经元有49.3%(34/69)放电频率增加,4.3%(3/69)放电频率减少,34个耳针激活细胞中有18个对葡萄糖呈抑制反应,8个对胰岛素呈兴奋反应。结论:耳甲电针能兴奋NTS葡萄糖敏感神经元(抑制反应型为主)和胰岛素敏感神经元(激活反应型为主),耳针的降糖效应可能与调节上述神经元放电活动有关。     

针灸治疗膝骨性关节炎腧穴配伍规律的复杂网络分析

目的:基于复杂网络技术,分析近20年临床观察类文献中针灸治疗膝骨性关节炎(KOA)的腧穴配伍规律,为临床针灸治疗KOA提供选穴依据和治疗思路。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、ScienceDirect数据库,根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献,建立针灸治疗KOA处方数据库,运用SPSS Mode-ler18.0进行关联性分析,分析核心腧穴节点和配伍关系,利用Gephi0.9.2软件展示复杂网络示意图。结果:最终提取针灸处方444条,单穴处方为6条(1.35%),多穴处方为438条(98.65%),共涉及112个腧穴,总使用频次3 389次。其中内膝眼使用频次最高(354次,10.45%),其次为犊鼻、血海、阳陵泉、梁丘、足三里等穴。腧穴归经主要为足阳明胃经、足太阴脾经。特定穴以五输穴使用最多,其次为交会穴和下合穴。结论:针灸治疗KOA的腧穴配伍规律是以下肢局部取穴为主,特定穴以五输穴为主,配穴方式以表里经配穴为主,尤其注重脾经与胃经腧穴的应用。     

不同穴位对胃运动异常大鼠双相调节效应研究

目的:探讨不同穴位对胃运动异常大鼠的双相调节效应以及产生这种效应的神经机制。方法:采用神经电生理学方法,用微电极细胞外记录大鼠孤束核单个神经元的活动,观察在正常生理状态及胃运动增强和胃运动抑制的病理状态下,分别针刺"足三里""内关""中脘""气海"对孤束核神经元放电及胃内压的影响。结果:在正常生理状态及胃运动增强和胃运动抑制的病理状态下,针刺"足三里""内关"均以促进胃运动为主,而针刺"中脘""气海"均以抑制胃运动为主,且针刺以上不同穴位均有效激活了孤束核神经元放电。结论:穴位的双相调节作用并不一定是同一穴位对不同病理状态下的内脏器官有双相调节效应,可能表现为不同穴位的综合作用是纠正机体机能活动向正常平衡与稳态状态方向的良性调节。     

针刺胃经经穴治疗胃肠实热型肥胖的临床观察

目的:观察针刺胃经穴位治疗胃肠实热型肥胖各指标的变化规律。方法:将51例胃肠实热型肥胖患者随机分为2组,治疗组以胃经取穴为主,对照组采用俞募配穴法。电针参数:疏密波,频率40-100Hz,强度3.0-10.0mA,留针30min。隔日治疗1次,1个月为1个疗程,共治疗3个疗程。分别观察治疗前及治疗中患者的症状和体征变化,同时测量并比较治疗前后肥胖指标的改变。结果:与对照组相比,胃经组体重和体重指数的回降有显著性统计学差异(P<0.05);腰围回降也显著大于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:针刺胃经穴位对于胃肠实热型肥胖疗效显著。     

Effect of acupuncture at three different acupoints on electrical activity of gastric distention-affected neurons in rat medial vestibular nucleus

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of gastric distention(GD) and acupuncture at three different acupoints on the spontaneous discharge of neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus(MVN), and to clarify the specific function of the MVN in the central integration mechanism underlying acupuncture regulation.METHODS: GD was conducted using a balloon inserted in the stomach cavity, and acupuncture was performed separately at each of three acupoints:Zusanli(ST 36), Quchi(LI 11), and Weishu(BL 21).The effect of acupuncture and GD on the spontaneous discharge of MVN neurons was assessed using a glass microelectrode filled with a sodium acetate electrolyte solution containing 1% pontamine sky blue; the discharge signals from the neurons were amplified by the microelectrode amplifier and recorded in the Spike2 system.RESULTS: GD and acupuncture significantly affected the spontaneous discharge of MVN neurons. Furthermore, acupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36) and Weishu(BL 21) was significantly more effective at altering the discharge of GD-responsive MVN neurons compared with GD-nonresponsive neurons.CONCLUSION: GD and acupuncture at three different acupoints affected the electrical activity of MVN neurons. The MVN is involved in the central integration mechanism underlying acupuncture regulation of gastric functions. The effects of acupuncture on gastric function may therefore be mediated via these particular MVN neurons.     

针刺对胃运动异常大鼠调节作用的神经机制研究

目的 探讨迷走神经中枢孤束核在针刺足三里、内关、中脘、气海调节胃运动中的作用机制。方法 采用神经电生理学方法，用微电极细胞外记录大鼠孤束核单个神经元的活动，在正常生理状态下及经血管注射抑制胃运动的药物阿托品或促进胃运动的药物胃复安后观察针刺上述穴位对孤束核神经元放电的影响。结果 在正常生理状态下，针刺上述穴位均可有效激活孤束核神经元放电。静脉注射阿托品后，孤束核神经元背景放电减少；静脉注射胃复安后，孤束核神经元背景放电增加；但针刺对放电的影响与药物前相比，变化均不大，阿托品后或者胃复安后针刺上述穴位仍町有效激活孤束核神经元放电。结论 针刺足三里、内关、中脘、气海对胃运动的调节作用与孤束核神经元的激活密切相关。孤束核是以上穴位与胃联系途径中的一个重要初级中枢。     

针刺对胃运动低下大鼠孤束核神经元放电影响的研究

目的:探讨迷走神经中枢孤束核在针刺"足三里"、"内关"、"中脘"、"气海"调节胃运动中的作用机制。方法:采用神经电生理学方法,用微电极细胞外记录大鼠孤束核单个神经元的活动,在正常生理状态下及经血管注射抑制胃运动的药物阿托品后,观察针刺"足三里"、"内关"、"中脘"、"气海"对孤束核神经元放电的影响。结果:在正常生理状态下,针刺"足三里"、"内关"、"中脘"、"气海"均有效激活了孤束核神经元放电。静脉注射阿托品后,孤束核神经元背景放电减少,但针刺对放电的影响与药物前相比,变化不大,阿托品后针刺"足三里"、"内关"、"中脘"、"气海"仍明显激活了孤束核神经元放电。结论:针刺"足三里"、"内关"、"中脘"、"气海"对胃运动的调节作用可能是通过激活延髓内与内脏传入信息相关的中枢核团神经元而实现的。     

针灸治疗原发性高血压取穴规律的探讨

目的:总结和分析针灸治疗原发性高血压临床对照试验中的十四经腧穴取穴规律。方法:检索近30年来针灸治疗原发性高血压的随机临床对照/临床对照研究,对其取穴规律进行总结和分析。结果:共纳入文献80篇,使用腧穴分布于所有十四条经脉,其中足厥阴肝经的使用频数最大(52次),其次是足阳明胃经(50次)。80篇文献中十四经腧穴使用频数前12腧穴依次为:太冲(46次)、曲池(33次)、风池(30次)、足三里(28次)、太溪(24次)、三阴交(18次)、丰隆(18次)、肾俞(17次)、肝俞(1 4次)、内关(13次)、涌泉(13次)、百会(11次)。结论:针灸治疗原发性高血压经脉多选用足厥阴肝经和足阳明胃经,穴位多选用太冲、曲池、风池等,取穴遵循循经取穴、辨证取穴,局部取穴等原则。     

针刺调节突触可塑性相关蛋白的研究进展

目的:近年大量研究表明,针刺改善学习记忆障碍可能是通过调节突触可塑性蛋白进而修复突触可塑性实现的,而针刺对突触可塑性蛋白起何种调节作用、与其相关的疾病和选穴是否有规律目前仍不明确。本文就针刺调节突触可塑性所涉及的主要相关蛋白、疾病、选穴频次及规律进行探讨。方法:笔者回顾近10年来Pubmed、CNKI、维普、万方数据库中相关文献进行整理,归纳并总结针刺调节突触可塑性所涉及的主要相关蛋白、疾病、选穴频次及规律。结果:针刺对突触可塑性蛋白具有多维调节作用且相关蛋白的研究种类不断扩展;相关研究的病种呈增多趋势,以脑病研究居多,心理和精神疾患方面的研究近年逐渐受到关注;针刺方法目前以电针为主,相关穴位多分布于督脉、足太阳经和足阳明经等,其中百会、肾俞、足三里、大椎等穴报道最多。结论:针刺调节突触可塑性蛋白的研究有广阔的挖掘空间,本研究仅对相关蛋白、疾病和选穴进行探讨,对针刺调节相关蛋白的确切机制、蛋白与疾病及选穴之间更深层规律的探索可能是未来进一步研究的方向。     

电针大鼠耳穴“心”等对孤束核升压反射相关神经元电活动的影响

目的:通过观察电针作用于不同穴位对麻醉大鼠不同状态下平均动脉压(MAP)及孤束核(NTS)与升压反射相关神经元放电的影响,证明NTS神经元在针刺和升压反射信号整合中的作用。方法:在麻醉大鼠生理状态下及颈静脉注射脱羟肾上腺素(PE)引起升压反射的状态下,观察电针耳穴"心"及体穴"内关"足三里"对MAP的影响,同时用电生理学单细胞记录的方法记录和鉴别NTS与升压反射相关神经元细胞外放电活动,同步观察上述两种状态下针刺对单细胞放电的影响。结果:颈静脉注射PE引起升压反射,NTS神经元活动对升压反射的反应以兴奋为主。麻醉大鼠生理状态下和PE引起升压平台期时,电针耳穴"心"和体穴"足三里"能降低大鼠的MAP(P<0.001,P<0.05),"内关"无明显作用。电针3个穴位均能增加大鼠生理状态和升压平台期状态NTS升压反射相关神经元的放电活动,在两种血压状态下电针耳穴"心"和体穴"足三里"引起神经元放电增加的百分比均大于"内关"(P<0.05)。结论:NTS内存在升压反射相关神经元,这类神经元被耳穴"心"及体穴"足三里"激活的百分比与"内关"相比更为显著,与针刺耳穴"心"及体穴"足三里"引起的降压效应反应相一致,说明在NTS内针刺和加压反射信号发生整合。