雷公藤多糖提取纯化工艺的研究

目的经正交设计的雷公藤多糖提取纯化实验,选出最佳雷公藤多糖提取纯化的工艺。方法雷公藤叶和根经粉碎后用无水乙醇润湿,封口过夜,挥干药材;用石油醚60～90℃回流提取1h,重复实验1次,挥干药材;用95%乙醇回流提取1h,重复实验2次,挥干药材;用去离子水水煮1h,重复实验2次,浓缩水提取液到与药材重量相等。浓缩水提取液经乙醇醇沉,抽滤得到沉淀物经过氧化氢脱色后,以不同水提取液与乙醇的比例、氯仿与正丁醇体积比、脱色液与Sevage试剂(氯仿:正丁醇)体积比、脱蛋白时间、除蛋白次数进行4因素3水平正交实验。结果雷公藤多糖提取纯化最佳工艺条件为水提取液与乙醇的比例为80%,氯仿与正丁醇为4∶1,脱色液与Sevage试剂为3∶1,次数为2次,雷公藤多糖的脱蛋白率为78. 5%,多糖损失率为33. 3%。结论经正交实验选出最佳雷公藤多糖提取纯化的工艺条件科学合理、稳定可行,为纯化雷公藤多糖提供实验依据。     

薏苡仁多糖提取及纯化工艺的研究

目的：优选薏苡仁多糖提取、分离及纯化的最佳工艺。方法：通过正交试验法确定薏苡仁多糖的最佳提取工艺;采用单因素优选法考察醇沉浓度及醇沉时间对多糖得率的影响;用Sevag法（正丁醇一氯仿混合液1：5）和三氯乙酸法（TCA）脱蛋白。结果：薏苡仁多糖最佳提取工艺条件为10倍量水提取2次,每次1h;醇沉时多糖含量与乙醇浓度呈正比,且当乙醇浓度为90％时,多糖含量达到最大,醇沉时间为9小时。结论：该工艺稳定、简便易行、提取物中多糖含量及纯度均较高。     

齿瓣石斛多糖提取及脱蛋白工艺研究

目的 通过正交实验对齿瓣石斛多糖的提取工艺、脱蛋白条件进行优化研究. 方法 采用苯酚-硫酸法考察提取温度、提取时间及溶剂体积等因素对多糖提取的影响,采用比色法考察样品与萃取剂体积比、萃取剂体积比、振荡时间等因素对多糖脱蛋白的影响.结果 多糖提取的最佳条件,提取温度100℃,提取时间 2 h,加水量200 ml,提取2次,醇沉浓度为80%,醇沉时间30 h;多糖脱蛋白的最佳条件,样品/萃取剂(V/V)为4:1,氯仿/正丁醇(V/V)为4:1,萃取时间30 min.结论 苯酚-硫酸法简单,易操作,可测定齿瓣石斛中多糖含量.     

六味地黄生物制剂总多糖的精制工艺优选

目的:优化六味地黄生物制剂总多糖的精制工艺,为该制剂的开发提供参考。方法:以粗多糖质量为指标,采用正交试验考察醇沉浓度、醇沉时间、药液相对密度对总多糖醇沉工艺的影响。在单因素试验基础上,以蛋白质清除率和总多糖保存率的综合评分为指标,采用正交试验优化三氯乙酸(TCA)-正丁醇法脱蛋白工艺。以色素清除率和总多糖保存率的综合评分为指标,利用正交试验优化活性炭除色素工艺。结果:最佳醇沉工艺为醇沉浓度85%,醇沉时间6 h,药液相对密度1.05;粗多糖质量8.92 mg。最佳脱蛋白工艺为粗多糖溶液与TCA-正丁醇体积比1∶2,TCA-正丁醇(1∶15),振荡时间20 min,静置时间0.5 h;蛋白质清除率80.23%,总多糖保存率85.45%。最佳除色素工艺为脱色温度40℃,活性炭加入量6%,脱色时间40 min;色素清除率74.84%,总多糖保存率78.69%。结论:优选的精制工艺稳定可行,适用于六味地黄生物制剂总多糖保健产品的开发。     

兜唇石斛多糖提取及脱蛋白工艺研究

目的 研究兜唇石斛多糖提取及脱蛋白的制备工艺.方法 采用正交实验设计制备不同提取条件多糖溶液,苯酚-硫酸法测定溶液中多糖含量,光密度差值法测定蛋白含量.结果 兜唇石斛多糖提取的最佳条件,提取温度100℃,提取时间2 h,加水量200 ml,醇析浓度为80%,醇析时间30 h,多糖脱蛋白的最佳条件,样品/萃取剂(V/V)为4∶1,氯仿/正丁醇(V/V)为4∶1,萃取时间30 min.结论 不同提取及萃取条件下,兜唇石斛多糖提取及脱蛋白测定结果存在明显差异.     

熟地黄粗多糖提取与初步纯化工艺研究

目的 优化熟地黄粗多糖提取与初步纯化最佳工艺.方法 用正交实验法,以加水量(A)、提取时间(B)、提取次数(C)作为3因素,以干膏收率(%)和多糖含量(%)为指标,采用单因素实验筛选醇沉浓度和氯化钙脱蛋白最佳浓度.结果 各因素对多糖含量和收膏率综合评分并没有显著性影响,醇沉浓度以80%最优,氯化钙脱蛋白最佳浓度(W/V)为7%.结论 熟地粗多糖最佳提取工艺为A3B1C3,即加8倍量水,提取2次,每次4 h,醇沉浓度为80%,脱蛋白最优浓度为7%.     

香菇多糖提取方法探讨

报道了香菇子实体，筛选出较为理想的香菇多糖提取方法：香菇子实体加蒸馏水在90℃－100℃加热回流，提取，用氯仿-正丁醇去蛋白，经水流动透析，用72％乙醇沉淀多糖，得水提香菇多糖。收得率为3．32％。其子实体残渣用1mol／LNaOH提取，充氮防氧化，调pH至中性，经透析，沉淀为碱提非水溶性多糖，收得率为0．36％。上清液为碱提水溶性多糖，收得率1．94％。     

野坝子体外清除自由基活性研究

目的:对野坝子Elsholtzia rugulosa Hemsl.乙醇提取物的不同极性萃取部位和AB-8大孔树脂柱色谱不同浓度甲醇洗脱部位清除自由基能力进行综合评价。方法:分别以维生素C和维生素E为对照,采用清除2,2-二苯基苦味酰基苯肼基(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)和2,2′-连氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazo-line-6-sulphonic acid)diammonium salt,ABTS]自由基的方法,通过计算半数抑制浓度评价野坝子的乙醇提取物的不同极性萃取部位和AB-8大孔树脂柱色谱不同浓度甲醇洗脱部位的清除自由基能力。结果:野坝子提取物不同极性萃取部位清除DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的能力分别为:乙酸乙酯部位Vit C正丁醇部位水部位石油醚部位氯仿部位、乙酸乙酯部位Vit E正丁醇部位水部位氯仿部位石油醚部位。AB-8大孔树脂柱色谱不同浓度甲醇洗脱部位清除DPPH和ABTS自由基的能力分别为Vit C50%甲醇部位70%甲醇部位30%甲醇部位100%甲醇部位、50%甲醇部位70%甲醇部位30%甲醇部位Vit E100%甲醇部位。结论:野坝子乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位和30%,50%和70%甲醇洗脱部位都具有很好的清除自由基活性,是一种新型天然抗氧化物质来源。     

川芎多糖除蛋白方法研究

目的 对川芎多糖进行除蛋白处理,筛选最佳除蛋白方法.方法 采用Sevag法、三氯乙酸法、三氯乙酸-正丁醇法3种方法对川芎多糖进行除蛋白处理,通过比较不同方法处理后的蛋白含量及多糖含量来确定最佳的除蛋白方法.结果 Sevag法的蛋白质去除率高(90%以上),但多糖回收率仅为40%;三氯乙酸法的蛋白质去除率为37.28%,多糖回收率为73.19%;三氯乙酸-正丁醇法的蛋白质去除率为83.60%,多糖回收率为85.16%,且操作快速、简便.结论 三氯乙酸-正丁醇法除蛋白效果较好.     

香菇多糖分离最佳工艺及最佳原料探讨

对香菇多糖提取、纯化条件进行优化研究。结果表明：香菇多糖撮最佳工艺条件为：ｐＨ７．０,９６℃浸提４ｈ,料水比为１：２０,醇析浓度为７０％,蛋白质去除时样品－氯仿＋正丁醇（Ｖ：Ｖ）为１：１,氯仿－正丁醇（Ｖ／Ｖ）为１：０．２５,萃取时间为３０ｍｉｎ效果最好,不同类型的香菇原料的撮结构表明：椴栽板香菇、花菇和板菇,其香菇多糖含量相送葬不大,从经济角度和工艺的简易性考虑,分离制备香菇多糖应以袋栽板菇为最     

大孔树脂法脱除款冬花多糖蛋白的工艺研究

目的 研究款冬花多糖脱蛋白工艺.方法 以款冬花多糖的脱蛋白率和多糖保留率为考察指标,通过静态试验和动态试验确定款冬花多糖的树脂法脱蛋白工艺.结果 最优的款冬花多糖脱蛋白工艺条件:选择LS-206树脂,上柱高径比为15,上样液温度30℃,上柱体积数为2 BV,款冬花多糖溶液浓度6 mg/ml,上柱速率1.5 BV/h进行动态吸附.此工艺条件下的款冬花多糖的脱蛋白率为87.70%,多糖保留率为87.89%.结论 LS-206树脂适用于款冬花多糖的脱蛋白处理.     

铁皮石斛多糖提取工艺及脱蛋白方法研究

目的:考察铁皮石斛多糖最佳提取工艺及脱蛋白方法。方法:采用单因素考察和正交试验研究铁皮石斛多糖的最佳提取工艺,并比较盐酸法和三氯乙酸法脱蛋白工艺。结果:铁皮石斛多糖的最佳提取条件为:温度70℃、料液比1∶40、提取时间4 h、提取次数1次,各因素的影响顺序为:温度>时间>提取次数>料液比,盐酸法在p H=3时蛋白脱除率效果最佳。结论:优化的提取工艺稳定可行,铁皮石斛粗多糖的得率可以达到4.67%,盐酸法p H=3时脱蛋白,多糖含量高,更适合于实际生产。     

枸杞多糖的精制工艺优选

目的:优化枸杞多糖(LBP)的精制工艺,为LBP的开发提供参考。方法:以多糖提取率为指标,采用正交试验考察提取次数、提取时间、料液比对多糖提取工艺的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,以糖损失率为指标,利用正交试验优化活性炭除色素工艺,以蛋白清除率和糖损失率的综合评分为指标,采用正交试验优化酶-sevag法脱蛋白工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺为提取次数2次、提取时间30 min、料液比1∶10。最佳除色素工艺为活性炭用量1.0%、温度100℃、时间20 min;糖损失率为28.6%。最佳除蛋白工艺为酶用量1.5%、温度50℃、时间60 min;蛋白质清除率为28.2%,糖损失率为10.9%。结论:优选的LBP精制工艺稳定可行,适用于LBP产品开发。     

Antidepressant properties of some Hypericum canariense L. and Hypericum glandulosum Ait. extracts in the forced swimming test in mice

It has been shown in a previous work that the methanol extract obtained from the aerial part in blossom of Hypericum canariense L. and Hypericum glandulosum Ait. was active in the tetrabenazine and forced swimming test. In the present study, the central nervous effect of the aqueous, butanol and chloroform fractions obtained from the methanol extracts of these Hypericum species was investigated in mice, particularly in animal models of depression. It was found that the immobility time in the forced swimming test was significantly reduced by the butanol and chloroform fraction of both species assayed, producing no effects or only a slight depression on spontaneous motor activity when assessed in a photocell activity meter. In this regard, the efficacy of the chloroform extract from Hypericum glandulosum Ait. (500 mg/kg p.o.) in the forced swimming test was comparable to that of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (50 mg/kg p.o.). In addition, the Hypericum glandulosum chloroform fraction was also effective in antagonizing the ptosis induced by tetrabenazine. Moreover, Hypericum canariense butanol fraction and Hypericum glandulosum chloroform fraction produced a slight but significant hypothermia. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the butanol and chloroform fractions from Hypericum canariense and Hypericum glandulosum possess antidepressant-like effects in mice, providing further support for the traditional use of these plants in the Canary Islands folk medicine against central nervous disorders.     

Antiinflammatory activity and chemical composition of extracts of Verbena officinalis

In an attempt to locate the biologically active fraction(s) of the plant Verbena officinalis Linn. (Verbenaceae), a preliminary screening of successive petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of aerial parts for antiinflammatory activity using carrageenan paw oedema model was carried out. All three extracts were found to exhibit antiinflammatory activity with the chloroform extract being the most active. Chemical investigations of petroleum ether and chloroform extracts led to the isolation of beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, 3-epiursolic acid, 3-epioleanolic acid, and minor triterpenoids of derivatives of ursolic acid and oleanolic acids. Chromatographic purification of the methanol extract yielded two iridoid glucosides, verbenalin and hastatoside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside, verbascoside and beta-sitosterol-D-glucoside.     

Antidepressant activity of some Hypericum reflexum L. fil. extracts in the forced swimming test in mice

We previously reported that oral administration of the methanol extract obtained from the aerial part in blossom of Hypericum reflexum L. fil. was active in the tetrabenazine and forced swimming test. In the present study, the effect of the aqueous, butanol and chloroform fractions obtained from the methanol extract of this species on the central nervous system was investigated in mice, particularly in animal models of depression. Antidepressant activity was detected in the butanol and chloroform fractions of this species using the forced swimming test since both fractions induced a significant reduction of the immobility time, producing no effects or only a slight depression on spontaneous motor activity when assessed in a photocell activity meter. Moreover, these fractions did not alter significantly the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. On the other hand, the chloroform fraction produced a slight but significant hypothermia and was also effective in antagonizing the ptosis induced by tetrabenazine. Furthermore, the butanol fraction produced a slight potentiation of the head twitches and syndrome induced by 5-HTP. Taken together, these data indicate that the butanol and chloroform fractions from Hypericum reflexum possess antidepressant-like effects in mice, providing further support for the traditional use of these plants in the Canary Islands folk medicine against central nervous disorders.     

Antihepatotoxic activity of Swertia chirata on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats

The methanol extract of Swertia chirata was evaluated for antihepatotoxic activity against carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in experimental rats. The extract was found to be active and on fractionation into butanol soluble and chloroform soluble fractions, the activity was traced and found more profound in the chloroform soluble fraction. The butanol soluble bitter rich fraction showed marginal activity. The results based on biochemical estimations have been expressed statistically and are additionally supported by histopathological examination of the liver of experimental rats and pentobarbitone induced sleep time studies in mice.     

Antihepatotoxic activity of Swertia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats

The extracts of Swertia chirata were evaluated for antihepatotoxic activity using paracetamol and galactosamine models. The methanol extract of the whole plant was found active at a dose of 100 mg/kg i.p. On fractionating this extract into chloroform soluble and butanol soluble fractions, the activity was retained in the chloroform soluble fraction which was most active at a dose level of 25 mg/kg i.p. with overall protection of 81% and 78% against paracetamol and galactosamine, respectively. The butanol soluble fraction, rich in bitter secoiridoids, was devoid of significant activity. The protective effect observed against these two hepatotoxins which are different in their mechanisms of inducing hepatotoxicity, suggests broader and non-specific protection of the liver against these two toxins by non-bitter components of Swertia chirata.     

首乌藤多糖脱色脱蛋白纯化工艺研究

目的 研究大孔吸附树脂对首乌藤多糖纯化的最佳工艺条件及参数.方法 以首乌藤多糖保留率、脱色率和解吸率为考察指标,对10种大孔吸附树脂进行了初步筛选,确定最佳树脂,然后以多糖保留率、脱色率和蛋白脱除率为评价指标,考察上样浓度、洗脱流速、上样量和洗脱剂用量等因素对优选树脂脱色脱蛋白纯化工艺的影响,确定最佳树脂的工艺参数.结果 确定最佳的工艺参数是选用树脂DA-201,上样浓度1086.6mg/L,最大上样量2倍柱床体积,8倍柱床体积溶剂洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,此时多糖保留率、脱色率和蛋白脱除率分别可达到85.42％,38.37％和31.84％.结论 大孔吸附树脂对首乌藤多糖有较好的脱蛋白和脱色素效果,安全且操作简便,便于在首乌藤多糖的制备中推广使用.