紫外线照射自血回输对肺心病患者血液抗氧化能力的影响

为进一步探讨紫外线照射自血回输（ＡＵＶＩＢ）对肺心病急性加重期患者辅助治疗的机理，对４８例肺心病患者ＡＵＶＩＢ治疗前后血液中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性进行了检测，并以正常人作对照。结果发现：肺心病患者ＳＯＤ水平虽高于正常对照组，但无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５），ＭＤＡ含量显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１），而ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ与ＣＡＴ活性明显低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００５）。经ＡＵＶＩＢ辅助治疗后，ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ与ＣＡＴ活性显著升高（Ｐ＜００５），ＭＤＡ水平显著降低（Ｐ＜００５）。说明ＡＵＶＩＢ能提高肺心病患者血液抗氧化能力     

糖尿病酮症酸中毒并肝损害临床分析

目的探讨导致糖尿病酮症（ＤＫ）及酮症酸中毒（ＤＫＡ）患者肝损害的相关因素．方法ＤＫ或ＤＫＡ患者９９例,其中ＡＬＴ及ＡＳＴ均异常升高１１例（Ａ组）,单项ＡＬＴ异常升高１３例（Ｂ组）,肝功能正常７５例（Ｃ组）,对以上各组患者的血二氧化碳结合力（ＣＯ２ＣＰ）、尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、血糖（ＢＧ）和血浆渗透压（ＯＳＭ）进行了统计分析．结果Ａ,Ｂ两组患者的ＣＯ２ＣＰ明显低于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜００１,ｔ＝６３３和ｔ＝６４３）,而ＢＵＮ则明显升高（Ｐ＜００１,ｔ＝３６１,ＡｖｓＣ;Ｐ＜００１,ｔ＝４３５,ＢｖｓＣ）,Ａ组的ＢＧ（Ｐ＜００５,ｔ＝２８４）和血浆ＯＳＭ（Ｐ＜００５,ｔ＝３１０）水平也显著高于Ｃ组,而Ｂ组患者的ＢＧ及血浆ＯＳＭ与Ｃ组比较无差异;与Ｂ组相比,Ａ组患者的ＣＯ２ＣＰ明显降低（Ｐ＜００２,ｔ＝２７１）,ＢＧ（Ｐ＜００５,ｔ＝２８９）和血浆ＯＳＭ（Ｐ＜００５,ｔ＝２３６）明显升高．此外,Ⅰ型糖尿病患者血清转氨酶异常升高的发生率明显高于Ⅱ型糖尿病患者（Ｐ＜００５,χ２＝４３８）．结论酸中毒和脱水是导致糖尿病酮症及酮症酸中毒患者肝损害的重要因素,酸中毒及脱水程度与肝损害程度相关．     

自由基在实验性胃癌及癌前病变发生中的作用

目的探讨自由基在胃癌及其癌前病变发生中的作用．方法将１００只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分为２组，实验组（７０只），给予１００ｍｇ／Ｌ甲基硝基亚硝基胍（ＭＮＮＧ）水溶液自由饮用３０ｗｋ，对照组（３０只）饮用自来水．选５个时相点，动态观察ＭＮＮＧ诱发实验性胃癌及其癌前病变过程中大鼠体内丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨＰＸ）及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）等的变化情况．结果在实验组，ＭＤＡ平均含量在５２ｗｋ非常显著地大于０ｗｋ（Ｐ＜００１），并显著地大于１６ｗｋ以前（Ｐ＜００５）．胃癌组织ＭＤＡ含量显著高于胃癌癌前病变组织（Ｐ＜００５）．癌组织ＬＰＯ的含量显著高于癌前病变组织（Ｐ＜００５）．实验组，总ＳＯＤ和ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ活性在５２ｗｋ明显低于１６ｗｋ之前（分别为Ｐ＜００５和Ｐ＜００１）．癌组织ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ含量非常显著地小于正常胃粘膜（Ｐ＜００１），亦明显低于胃粘膜异型增生和肠上皮化生（Ｐ＜００５）．在３０ｗｋ和５２ｗｋＧＳＨＰＸ活性显著低于１６ｗｋ以前．结论自由基在实验性胃癌及其癌前病变发生中具有一定作用，自由基清除剂可能对胃癌的综合防治具有积极意义     

高血压患者血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白的测定

目的测定高血压患者血浆氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（ＯＸＬＤＬ）水平并了解其临床意义。方法用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定６０例高血压患者（其中单纯高血压者３２例，合并冠心病者２８例）和５０例正常对照组血浆ＯＸＬＤＬ，并同时测定其他血脂、脂蛋白和载脂蛋白。结果高血压患者血浆中ＯＸＬＤＬ较对照组明显升高，男女之间差别无显著性。Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ期患者血浆中ＯＸＬＤＬ亦明显升高，且各期之间相差无显著性。单纯者和合并冠心病者ＯＸＬＤＬ均明显升高，但后者更高。无论ＬＤＬ－Ｃ是否升高，高血压患者血浆ＯＸＬＤＬ均升高，但ＬＤＬ－Ｃ升高者ＯＸＬＤＬ更高。ＯＸＬＤＬ升高者，高血压合并冠心病百分率较高。相关分析表明，血浆ＯＸＬＤＬ与ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＢ１００呈正相关（ｒ＝０．２５，０．２２，０．２６，Ｐ＜０．０５，＜０．０５，＜０．０２５），与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．２２，Ｐ＜０．０５），与血压、年龄、病程无关。结论高血压患者血浆中ＯＸＬＤＬ明显升高，ＯＸＬＤＬ升高可能参与高血压致动脉粥样硬化作用，因此治疗时除给予降压治疗之外，应加强抗氧化治疗。     

肝动脉栓塞致胃粘膜损伤的实验研究

目的研究肝动脉栓塞致胃粘膜损伤的机制．方法日本大耳白兔３２只，随机分为３组：正常组８只，假手术对照组８只，肝动脉栓塞组１６只．用超液态碘油制兔部分肝动脉栓塞模型．在手术前后，用放免法测定其血浆中内皮素（ＥＴ）水平，直接穿刺门静脉测压，激光多谱勒血流仪测定其胃粘膜血流量（以电压Ｖ表示），并观察胃粘膜组织形态学改变．结果肝动脉栓塞术后３ｄ和６ｄ兔血浆ＥＴ（ｎｇ／Ｌ，２１５±３５，２１５±４７）显著高于假手术对照组（１５５±２８，１４６±２８，Ｐ＜００１）．肝动脉栓塞术后６ｄ，其门静脉压力（ｋＰａ，１０９±０１０）明显高于对照组（０８５±００７，Ｐ＜００５）．胃粘膜血流量（３６４Ｖ±０７７Ｖ）显著低于正常组（４８１Ｖ±０４２Ｖ，Ｐ＜００５）和假手术对照组（４６５Ｖ±０３２Ｖ，Ｐ＜００５）．胃粘膜损害发生率（６８８％）显著高于对照组（２５０％，Ｐ＜００５）．结论肝动脉栓塞可使其血浆ＥＴ水平明显升高，门静脉压力增加，胃粘膜血流量下降，从而导致胃粘膜损伤     

二尖瓣球囊分离术前后血浆心钠素和肾素－血管紧张素－醛固酮水平的变化

本文采用放射免疫分析法测定了２６例患者二尖瓣球囊分离术前后血浆心钠素（ＡＮＰ）、肾素活性（ＰＲＡ）、血管紧张素ＩＩ（ＡＴＩＩ）和醛固酮（ＡＬＤ）水平的变化，并与血液动力学参数的变化作相关分析。结果发现：术前ＡＮＰ、ＰＲＡ和ＡＬＤ水平明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．００１），术后ＡＮＰ水平显著下降（Ｐ＜０．００１），但仍高于对照组（ｐ＜０．００１），而术后ＰＲＡ、ＡＬＤ以及术前后ＡＴＩＩ水平均无明显变化。ＡＮＰ水平与心率、平均右房压、平均左房压和平均二尖瓣跨瓣压差呈显著正相关，与心输出量和二尖瓣口面积呈显著负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．００１），与ＰＲＡ、ＡＴＩＩ和ＡＬＤ水平无显著相关关系（Ｐ＞０．１）。     

肺癌及结核患者血清内源性一氧化氮水平探讨

目的探讨内源性一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在肺癌发生发展中的作用。方法对４６例肺癌患者及健康对照组均用化学显色法测定血清ＮＯ，同时对肺癌患者分组比较及治疗前后比较，并对结核性及恶性胸液患者用上述方法测定胸液中ＮＯ。结果肺癌组血清ＮＯ显著高于正常对照组，Ｐ＜００５；Ⅰ期肺癌患者血清ＮＯ显著高于Ⅱ期患者，Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者血浆ＮＯ显著高于Ⅲ期患者，Ｐ＜００５；治疗后肺癌患者血浆及胸液ＮＯ水平明显降低，Ｐ＜００５；鳞癌组血清ＮＯ显著高于腺癌组，Ｐ＜００５；恶性胸液患者胸液中ＮＯ与结核性胸液ＮＯ无显著差异，Ｐ＞００５，无统计学意义。结论内源性ＮＯ在抑制和杀伤肺癌细胞方面起重要作用，应用药物诱导产生内源性ＮＯ可为今后治疗肺癌提供一种新的手段。     

开搏通对老年糖尿病肾病治疗效果的探讨

用开搏通对２４例老年糖尿病肾病患者进行治疗，同时设立对照组２３例。经过２１ｄ的治疗后发现开搏通治疗组患者血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ和尿蛋白排出率明显下降（Ｐ＜００１，Ｐ＜００５），尿６酮前列腺素Ｆ１α显著升高（Ｐ＜００５），而对照组上述指标无显著变化（Ｐ＞００５）；部分患者血浆肾素活性正常或低于正常，而尿中前列腺素代谢产物增多。因此推论开搏通通过减少血管紧张素Ⅱ使血压下降，改善了肾功能，同时由于血管紧张素Ⅱ的减少，优先扩张出球小动脉，改善了肾内血流动力学的异常状态；开搏通还可能通过激肽释放酶激肽前列腺素系统参与对肾脏血流动力学的调节而改善肾功能。     

冠心病患者红细胞胰岛素酶活性与胰岛素受体检测及其意义

目的为探讨冠心病患者的胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）与其红细胞胰岛素酶活性（ＥＩＡ）及红细胞胰岛素受体（ＥＩＲ）的关系。方法检测５４例冠心病患者及３０例健康人的ＥＩＡ、ＥＩＲ及相关指标，并计算胰岛素敏感性指数（ＩＳＩ）。结果冠心病患者的ＥＩＡ、空腹血浆胰岛素水平（ＦＩＮＳ）、血浆总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、血浆甘油三酯（ＴＧ）及低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）水平显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１），而低亲和力ＥＩＲ位点数、ＩＳＩ、血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇组分２（ＨＤＬ２）显著低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。伴非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病及高血压的冠心病患者与不伴这些疾病的冠心病患者相比，前者的ＥＩＡ、ＦＩＮＳ高于后者，而ＩＳＩ低于后者（Ｐ＜００１或Ｐ＜００５）。相关分析表明，冠心病患者的ＥＩＡ与ＦＩＮＳ、ＴＧ显著正相关，与低亲和力ＥＩＲ位点数及ＩＳＩ呈显著负相关，患者的低亲和力ＥＩＲ位点数与ＦＩＮＳ及ＴＧ呈负相关。结论（１）冠心病患者存在胰岛素抵抗；（２）冠心病患者的胰岛素抵抗可能与其胰岛素酶活性及胰岛素受体活性异常有关；（３）红细胞胰岛素酶活性和红细胞胰岛素受体也许可以一定程度地反映机体的胰岛素敏感性。     

心绞痛患者血浆神经肽Y释放动态观察及相关因素影响的研究

采用放射免疫法测定心绞痛患者（３０例）血浆神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）含量变化。结果显示：心绞痛患者血浆ＮＰＹ含量为（１４５４±７９８）ｎｇ／Ｌ，明显高于正常组（７５１±３０４）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜００１，观察其中２０例不稳定型心绞痛患者治疗前后ＮＰＹ含量变化，发现无论于心绞痛发作即刻或心绞痛发作期（１日发作１～３次），血浆ＮＰＹ水平升高，经治疗后症状缓解，ＮＰＹ含量明显下降，前后比较，有统计学意义（Ｐ＜００５）。伴高血压、左室肥大患者血浆ＮＰＹ含量明显高于不伴有者（Ｐ＜００１），既往有吸烟史的心绞痛患者，ＮＰＹ水平明显高于无吸烟史者（Ｐ＜００５），冠脉造影前后血浆ＮＰＹ含量无明显变化     

Association between plasma renin activity and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in essential hypertension

Objectives. To study the relationships between plasma renin activity and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in patients with essential hypertension.
Subjects and design. Patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension ( n =36) with a diastolic blood pressure of 95–115 mmHg were studied. Assessment of plasma renin activity (PRA) related to urinary sodium excretion was used to define subgroups with high ( n =12), medium ( n =16) and low renin profiles ( n =8).
Main outcome measures. Fasting plasma lipid levels were determined. Glucose, insulin and C-peptide responses to standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured.
Results. Patients with high PRA had higher levels of plasma cholesterol (6.13±0.81 versus 4.67±0.7 mmol L^-1, P <0.05) and triglycerides (2.14±0.18 versus 0.98±0.13 mmol L^-1, P <0.05), than the low PRA group. HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in the high renin group than in the low renin group (1.05±0.04 versus 1.26±0.09 mmol L^-1, P <0.05). Insulin and C-peptide sums were higher in high PRA group (33.8±1.2 versus 25.1±0.9 and 2.6±0.3 versus 1.9±0.4 ng L^-1, P <0.05), than in the low PRA group.
Conclusions. Essential hypertensive patients with a high renin profile display more pronounced dyslipidaemia and higher levels of plasma insulin than patients with a low renin profile. This may be one explanation for higher incidence of cardiovascular disease previously reported in high PRA group.     

ALDOSTERONE IN SUSTAINED ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

Plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma renin activity (PRA), extracellular fluid volume (EFV) and hepatic blood flow were measured in forty-four patients with sustained essential hypertension and compared with forty-two normotensive controls of same age and sex. All patients had inulin clearances within the normal range and balanced sodium intake and urinary output. In hypertensives, PA, PRA, EFV and hepatic blood flow were within normal ranges; the log-ratio PA: PRA was significantly elevated (P < 0·001). In normotensives, a negative relationship was observed between PA and EFV (r= -0·55; P <0·001) while a positive relationship was observed between PA and PRA (=+0·70; P < 0·001). In hypertensives, the two relationships were disrupted or less significant: for a given value of EFV, PA was more elevated in hypertensives than in normotensives; for a given value of PRA, PA was more elevated in hypertensives than in normotensives. The results could not be explained on the basis of a disturbance in hepatic blood flow and/or in the metabolic clearance rate of aldosterone. The study provided evidence that, in patients with sustained essential hypertension and equilibrated sodium balance, there is an excess of plasma aldosterone relative to the levels of extracellular fluid volume and plasma renin activity. The excess is probably related to an abnormality in the adrenal secretion.     

White-coat hypertension and sex

OBJECTIVES: To compare, by sex, selected behavioral and biologic characteristics among normotensive, white-coat hypertensive, and essential hypertensive patients, and to assess the similarities and differences in these characteristics between men and women diagnosed as having white-coat hypertension. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 764 men (80 normotensives, 112 white-coat hypertensives, and 572 essential hypertensives) and 442 women (53 normotensives, 81 white-coat hypertensives and 308 essential hypertensives) who were a nonrandom subset of a larger cohort of patients being assessed to determine the prognostic significance of ambulatory blood pressure measurements. Physician-measured technician-measured and ambulatory (average awake and asleep) blood pressures, daytime blood pressure variability, the difference between awake and sleeping blood pressures, cholesterol levels, plasma renin activity (PRA) and anthropometric and demographic characteristics were compared across the patient classifications within each sex group and between male and female white-coat hypertensives using one-way analysis of variance. Student's t tests and chi squared analysis. RESULTS: Among men, cholesterol levels of normotensives were significantly lower than those of either white-coat or essential hypertensives (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). White-coat hypertensives were significantly younger than the essential hypertensives. The ambulatory and technician-measured blood pressures of the white-coat hypertensives were similar to those of the normotensives, as were most measures of variability of blood pressure. Among women, there were no differences in cholesterol level; however, white-coat hypertensives had lower PRA than did the essential hypertensives (P < 0.01) In contrast to the men, women with white-coat hypertension were similar in age to those with essential hypertension, and 10 years older than normotensives (P < 0.01). The ambulatory blood pressures of white-coat hypertensives were similar to those of normotensives, but their technician-measured blood pressures were intermediate between those of the normotensive and essential hypertensive groups. The daily variability of diastolic blood pressure among the white-coat-hypertensive women was greater than that of the normotensive women and similar to that of the essential hypertensive women. For all other measures of variability, data for white-coat-hypertensive women were similar to those for the normotensive women. There was no anthropometric or demographic difference among the patients either for men or for women. White-coat-hypertensive women were older than white-coat-hypertensive men and had higher systolic blood pressures and variabilities of blood pressure (P < 0.05). They also had lower PRA. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the ideas that the phenomenon of white-coat hypertension is similar for the two sexes, women may exhibit white-coat hypertension at a greater age than do men, and women with white-coat hypertension may further exhibit a broader white-coat effect, reflected in blood pressures measured by other medical personnel.     

The acute effects of the new angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril maleate, on blood pressure, plasma renin, aldosterone and kinins in hypertensive patients

The acute antihypertensive effect of a new long-acting oral angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, enalapril maleate, was assessed in 20 hypertensive patients, of whom 14 had essential hypertension, 4 had renovascular hypertension, one had hypertension associated with chronic renal failure, and one had primary aldosteronism. Enalapril maleate significantly lowered the blood pressure in either low-renin or normal- and high-renin hypertensives. There was a significant correlation for all patients as a group between the pretreatment levels of serum ACE activity and the reduction in mean blood pressure (r = -0.454, p less than 0.05, n = 20) 2 h after drug administration. The serum ACE activity decreased maximally 3 to 4 hours after drug administration and did not return to baseline levels within 24 h. There was a significant correlation between the reduction in mean blood pressure and changes in ACE activity 90 min and 2 h after drug administration, respectively, for all patients as a group (r = 0.495, p less than 0.05, n = 20, at 90 min; r = 0.508, p less than 0.05, n = 20, at 2 h). The plasma renin activity (PRA) significantly increased in normal- and high-renin hypertensives but not in low-renin hypertensives. There was a close correlation between the reduction in mean blood pressure and the PRA 8 h after drug administration in normal- and high-renin patients (r = -0.623, p less than 0.05, n = 13), while no such relationship was observed in low-renin patients. The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) significantly decreased within 3 h, the lowest values occurring at 8 h after drug administration, and it returned to baseline levels within 24 h in all patients. No relationship was found between the reduction in mean blood pressure and changes in PAC after drug administration in either low-renin or normal- and high-renin hypertensives. The plasma bradykinin concentration (PBC) increased within 1 h, the highest values occurring at 3 h after drug administration, and returned to baseline levels within 24 h in low-renin hypertensives, while the PBC was significantly increased at 4 h and had not returned to baseline levels within 24 h in normal- and high-renin hypertensives. There was a significant correlation between percentage changes in mean blood pressure and those in PBC 90 min after drug administration in normal- and high-renin hypertensives (r = -0.556, p less than 0.05, n = 13), while no relationship was observed between them in low-renin hypertensives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

血清肌钙蛋白T在原发性高血压患者运动负荷中的变化

目的：通过研究原发性高血压（高血压病）患者运动负荷前后血清肌钙蛋白Ｔ（ＴｎＴ）的变化，拟间接推断高血压病患者合并心脏微血管及大血管病变的可能性。方法：对５４例高血压病患者（ＥＴ）进行次极量运动平板试验，并与冠心病患者及正常人进行对照，采用固相酶联免疫法进行运动前、后（６分钟及２４小时）血清ＴｎＴ的测定。对运动试验阳性及心电图有Ｔ波变化的高血压病、冠心病患者进行冠状动脉造影。结果：在运动试验阴性患者中，有Ｔ波改变的高血压病患者（冠状动脉造影阴性为９２％，阳性为８％）血清ＴｎＴ在运动后均高于运动前（Ｐ＜０．０５）。无Ｔ波变化患者仅于运动后６分钟时血清ＴｎＴ增高，２４小时血清ＴｎＴ恢复正常。高血压病患者运动试验阳性中（冠状动脉造影阴性为２６％，阳性为７４％）及冠心病、心绞痛组，运动负荷后血清ＴｎＴ６分钟及２４小时均有明显改变（Ｐ＜０．０１及Ｐ＜０．０５），并随着冠状动脉狭窄程度的加重，运动后血清ＴｎＴ值随之增高，呈正相关。结论：高血压病患者运动负荷后血清ＴｎＴ水平的检测有助于间接推断其心肌及冠状动脉受损的情况。     

Hemodynamics of elderly hypertensives

To study the hemodynamic characteristics of elderly hypertensives, elderly subjects (greater than or equal to 65 years old) were divided into normotensives (NT, n = 15), borderline hypertensives (BH, n = 10) and established hypertensives (EH, n = 20) and compared each group with similarly divided middle aged subjects (greater than or equal to 35 years old, less than 65 years old), NT (n = 23), BH (n = 112) and EH (n = 79). An attempt was also made to clarify what factor is most important regarding left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in elderly hypertensives. The results showed that with advancing age, cardiac output and stroke volume decrease (p less than 0.05), total peripheral resistance and volume-elasticity index increase (p less than 0.05), daily lability of systolic pressure increases and the baroreceptor slope increases. Furthermore, almost all of these tendencies are exacerbated by hypertension (p less than 0.05). With advancing age, pressure response to infused noradrenaline is enhanced (p less than 0.05), but on exercise, there are wide variations in each group and no distinct differences were observed. Echocardiographic examinations revealed LVH in 50% of elderly hypertensives. There were no apparent differences between both groups with or without LVH in their family and personal histories of hypertension, resting hemodynamics, hormonal examinations and hypertensive complications other than the heart. However, on exercise, the pressure response was more enhanced in the group with LVH than in the group without LVH (p less than 0.05). There was no significant correlation between resting systolic pressure (SBP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMi), but, there was relatively good correlation (r = 0.563, p less than 0.05) between SBP at peak exercise and LVMi. Using delta SBP/delta HR as a parameter of pressure responsibility on exercise test, 9 out of 10 patients with LVH showed above 1.0, while all of 10 patients without LVH showed under 1.0. Pressure response to infused noradrenaline seems to be more enhanced in the group with LVH than in the group without LVH. It was concluded that enhanced pressure responsiveness to recurring stress might induce or at least sustain LVH in hypertensives, due to enhanced alpha-adrenoceptor responsiveness.     

Plasma Renin Activity and Hypertension in Acute Glomerulonephritis*

Summary: The relationship between plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma volume (PV) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in children with acute glomerulonephritis was assessed in two groups of patients between the ages of three to six years. One group with normal blood pressure (13 children) and a group with significantly elevated blood pressure (20 children) were compared with a control group of ten normal children.
In patients who developed hypertension (MAP: 113 ± 3 mmHg), the mean PRA was 0±45 ± 0±1 ng/ml/hr, and the mean PV measured in ten of these children was 1526 ± 47±9 ml/M². In the group of normotensive patients with acute glomerulonephritis (MAP = 79 ± 1±8 mmHg), the mean PRA was 1±6 ± 0±32 ng/ml/hr, the mean PV in four of these patients was 1285±37±6 ml/M². The children in the control group (MAP = 77± 1±6 mmHg) had a mean PRA of 7±93 ± 0±2 ng/ml/hr and six of these children had a mean PV of 1115 ± 103 ml/M².
The results showed children who developed hypertension had significantly higher PV lower PRA than children with acute glomerulonephritis who were normotensive and the control subjects. A positive correlation was found between MAP and PV and negative correlation between MAP and PRA. There was no significant difference in MAP, PV and PRA between children with acute glomerulonephritis with normal blood pressure and children in the control group.     

Renin Unresponsiveness and the Effects of Oxprenolol, Methyldopa and Spironolactone in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Summary: Renin unresponsiveness and the effects of oxprenolol, methyldopa and spironolactone in patients with essential hypertension.
Plasma renin activity (PRA), supine, erect and post-frusemide (1 mg/kg IV) was studied in 51 patients with previously untreated essential hypertension and their age-and sex-matched normotensive controls. Supine PRA, and the rise in PRA in response to the erect posture and frusemide, were significantly less in hypertensives compared to controls. When the hypertensives were arbitrarily divided into lower, mid, and upper subgroups according to supine PRA, the renin responsiveness was similar in each subgroup but significantly less in hypertensives compared to controls, subdivided in the same way. This does not support the existence of a separate "low renin" subgroup. The low supine PRA and reduced response to stimulation appears to be a feature of patients with essential hypertension.
Thirty-nine of these hypertensives entered a double-blind cross-over drug trial of oxprenolol, methyldopa and spironolactone. All three drugs were equally effective in lowering the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in all three renin subgroups. Spironolactone caused a greater fall in systolic pressure in the lower renin group than in the other groups. Oxprenolol was the best tolerated drug, with only 5% of patients withdrawing due to side-effects compared to 13% on spironolactone and 29% on methyldopa.     

高血压脂代谢异常与高胰岛素血症的关系

对35例原发性高血压患者的血糖（BG）、血清胰岛素S）、C-肽（CP）和血脂测定结果与12例正常血压者进行比较分析。高血压组与正常血压组血糖均在正常范围。血清IS以高血压组明显增高（P＜0．01）。胰岛素释放指数亦以高血压组为高（P＜0．05）。高血压组HDL／LDL、ApoA／ApoB均明显低于正常血压组（P＜0．01）；前者血清IS水平与ApoA／ApoB比值呈显著负相关（r=-0．409，P＜0．01），血清胰岛素释放指数（IS／BG）与ApoA／ApoB比值也呈明显负相关（r=－0.298．P＜0．05）。     

Plasma renin activity and norepinephrine as predictors for antihypertensive effects of nifedipine and captopril

To examine predictors for the efficacy of antihypertensive agents, we investigated the effects of nifedipine and captopril on blood pressure (BP) and humoral factors in patients with essential hypertension. Eleven essential hypertensive patients (mean age: 54) were treated with long acting nifedipine at 20 to 40 mg/day for 8 weeks and 25 essential hypertensives (mean age: 51) were treated with captopril at 37.5 to 75 mg/day. Blood pressure was measured every 2 weeks. Plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma concentrations of aldosterone, epinephrine and norepinephrine were determined before and at the end of treatment. Both nifedipine and captopril decreased BP (nifedipine: mean BP 119 +/- 3 to 101 +/- 2 mm Hg, captopril: 124 +/- 2 to 100 +/- 2, P less than .01 for each), whereas neither of them affected heart rate. The 8-week treatment of nifedipine showed no significant effect on humoral factors. Captopril increased PRA by 63% (P less than .05) and decreased plasma epinephrine by 42% (P less than .01) and norepinephrine by 35% (P less than .01). The change in mean BP was positively correlated with pretreatment PRA (r = 0.68, P less than .01) in nifedipine-treated patients and inversely with pretreatment norepinephrine (r = -0.53, P less than .01) in captopril treatment. The results suggest that both nifedipine and captopril were effective antihypertensive agents and that the long term treatment of nifedipine is more effective in essential hypertensives with lower PRA, while captopril is more effective in those with higher plasma norepinephrine concentration.