Ⅱ型登革病毒非结构蛋白NS1血清型特异性单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备并鉴定Ⅱ型登革病毒非结构蛋白NS1(DV2-NS1)的血清型特异性单克隆抗体。方法以具有良好抗原性的重组DV2-NS1蛋白与灭活的Ⅱ型登革病毒(DV2)混合免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,杂交瘤细胞经间接ELISA法、IFA法筛选,ELISA、IFA及WesternBlot对mAbs的类型及亚类、交叉实验及特异性等进行鉴定。结果免疫的Balb/c小鼠经多次融合筛选,共获得14株血清型特异性抗DV2-NS1蛋白的mAbs,其亚类测定两株为IgG2b,余均为IgG1。ELISA和免疫印迹显示这些mAbs与重组DV2-NS1蛋白和DV2抗原均特异性结合,IFA结果显示这14株单抗特异结合Ⅱ型登革病毒,与其它3型登革病毒无交叉。结论成功获得了特异性针对DV2-NS1蛋白的mAb,为进一步研究NS1蛋白的结构和功能以及研制早期诊断试剂奠定基础。     

PC-1蛋白鼠单克隆抗体制备的改进及意义

目的为PC-1蛋白功能的研究奠定基础。方法以纯化后的PC-1蛋白及其N端46个氨基酸与GST的融合蛋白（GST-PC-1和GST-PC-1-46）为抗原，通过常规和脾内免疫相结合的方法免疫BALB／c小鼠，经鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞进行细胞融合，用直接ELISA法进行克隆化筛选，单克隆抗体的染色体分析及亚类鉴定，检测PC-1基因表达及分布。结果成功获得2株抗鼠PC-1基因单克隆抗体，抗体亚型为IgG1,PC-1在高恶性前列腺癌细胞CA-2中高表达，在低恶性前列腺癌细胞LNCaP中少量表达，与前期研究结果相符。免疫组化染色示PC-1蛋白定位于细胞质。结论PC-1蛋白鼠单克隆抗体成功制备，针对PC-1基因蛋白的单抗在前列腺癌的放射免疫显像诊断及导向治疗上有潜在应用价值；可用于PC-1蛋白功能的研究。     

空肠弯曲菌PEB1重组蛋白的表达及单克隆抗体的制备

目的表达CJPEB1重组蛋白,制备并鉴定CJ PEB1蛋白的单克隆抗体。方法诱导培养工程菌E．co-liBL21（DE3）表达CJPEB1重组蛋白,以PEB1蛋白溶液与等体积的佐剂完全乳化作为免疫原常规免疫BALB／C小鼠,制备单克隆抗体。无菌取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2／0进行融合,建立杂交瘤细胞株。将建株的杂交瘤细胞注入小鼠腹腔诱生腹水制备抗体,应用间接ELISA法和双向琼脂扩散试验检测腹水中抗体的效价,应用Western-blot和玻片凝集试验检测抗体的特异性。结果得到高纯度的CJPEB1重组蛋白,蛋白质分子量大小与预计的理论值相符。获得两株稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。两株杂交瘤细胞诱生的腹水,经间接ELISA法检测,腹水中的抗体效价分别为8×10^4和5×10^4,经双向琼脂扩散试验检测效价均为1：16。通过Westem-blot鉴定,两株杂交瘤细胞分泌的抗体均与PEB1蛋白特异性地结合;其诱生的腹水与CJ菌液混合出现凝集现象,而与大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌等菌液混合均未出现凝集现象。结论成功建立了两株稳定分泌抗CJPEB1重组蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株并制备了抗CJPEB1蛋白的单克隆抗体,为今后研究多种检测CJ的方法创造了条件。     

单克隆多克隆抗体酶联免疫吸附法测定血清脂蛋白(a)的比较

应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术，建立了抗人血清脂蛋白（ａ）杂交瘤细胞株，对制备的单克隆抗体进行了特异性鉴定和抗原位点测定。建立了多克隆双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法、载蛋白（ａ）、载脂蛋白Ｂ双位点酶联免疫吸附法、单克隆单株、混合株双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法对脂蛋白（ａ）进行了检测，并对结果进行了分析。认为样本、参考品间载脂蛋白（ａ）的多态型不同可引起结果间的差异。     

抗粉尘螨主要变应原Der fⅡ单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备并鉴定鼠源抗粉尘螨主要变应原Der fⅡ单克隆抗体（Monoclonal Antibody,McAb）。方法重组Der fⅡ蛋白为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取小鼠免疫脾细胞与NS-1细胞融合。间接ELISA法筛选特异性分泌的杂交瘤细胞。用筛选获得的单克隆细胞株诱生小鼠腹水,蛋白G亲和层析法纯化腹水抗体。利用Ig类与亚类鉴定试剂盒鉴定该单克隆抗体的Ig亚型;通过间接ELISA、Western Blotting方法鉴定该单克隆抗体的特性和交叉性。结果获得5株IgG2a型鼠抗粉尘螨主要变应原Der fⅡ的单克隆抗体,效价良好。ELISA和Western Blotting分析表明该5株单抗均可识别重组Der fⅡ蛋白和天然粉尘螨提取物。结论成功制备了5株鼠抗粉尘螨主要变应原Der fⅡ的单克隆抗体,为建立粉尘螨主要变应原Der fⅡ的检测及纯化方法奠定了基础。     

抗阴道毛滴虫AP33单克隆抗体的制备及其功能初探

目的 制备阴道毛滴虫（T.υ317株）黏附蛋白抗原（AP33）单克隆抗体并初步分析鉴定其功能。　方法　将制备和纯化的融合黏附蛋白33（rAP33）为抗原，免疫BALB/c小鼠，共免疫3次（抗原含量分别为100、50和100 μg），每次间隔2周，末次免疫后3 d取小鼠脾细胞及SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞在聚乙二醇（PEG1500）作用下进行细胞融合，筛选出高滴度分泌的McAb 杂交瘤细胞株，测定其免疫球蛋白亚类及其效价，蛋白质印迹（Western blotting）分析其特异性，间接免疫荧光实验（IFAT）进行定位，并初步探讨其体外对阴道毛滴虫黏附HeLa细胞的抑制作用。 结果 经筛选获得能稳定分泌抗AP33单克隆抗体的5株（4A2， 4F11， 4F8， 4E7和4H11）杂交瘤细胞株，经免疫球蛋白类型和亚型鉴定为IgG1; ELISA和Western blotting分析显示，5 株单抗均能与重组阴道毛滴虫AP33发生特异性结合；IFAT显示其中4株（4F11， 4F8， 4E7， 4H11）可识别培养的阴道毛滴虫，体外滴虫黏附抑制实验显示终浓度分别为200、200、400和200 μg/ml，该4株单抗体外对滴虫黏附HeLa细胞的抑制率分别为50.08%、65.03%、50.70%和49.08%。 结论 制备的抗重组AP33单克隆抗体，体外对阴道毛滴虫黏附有较好的抑制功能。     

抗幽门螺杆菌中性粒细胞激活蛋白的单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

目的:从抗幽门螺杆菌(Hpylori)全菌蛋白的单克隆抗体(mAb)中,应用重组中性粒细胞激活蛋白(NAP),筛选出抗NAP单抗并进行鉴定.方法:临床分离H pylori DY01,DY04株.免疫BALB/c小鼠后,应用杂交瘤技术制备mAb.再用ELISA方法以重组表达的NAP蛋白筛选相应的单抗,对NAP单抗进行亚类鉴定和效价检测,并用Western blot和免疫组化方法鉴定其特异性.结果:获得3株针对H pylori-NAP蛋白的特异性mAb,抗体亚类为IgG1,轻链为k型.单抗细胞培养液的抗体效价为1/16-1/32,腹水的抗体效价是1/32000-1/64000.Western blot鉴定表明,抗NAPmAb针对NAP蛋白产生特异性条带,具有高度的特异性;免疫组化分析显示:3株NAP mAb能与H pylori临床菌株发生特异性结合反应,菌体染成深棕色.结论:获得抗Hpylori-NAP蛋白的特异性mAb,为幽门螺杆菌感染的诊断、预后判断及表位疫苗的研究提供基础.     

日本血吸虫重组信号蛋白14-3-3的纯化及抗体制备

目的制备日本血吸虫(中国大陆株)信号蛋白Sj14-3-3的多克隆抗体与单克隆抗体。方法将合Sj14-3-3重组蛋白的凝胶条带冻干磨粉,免疫家兔,制备抗Sj14-3-3多克隆抗血请;用电洗脱纯化的Sj14-3-3免疫BALB/c小鼠,用杂交瘤技术制备抗Sj14-3-3单克隆抗体。测定所得抗体效价及特异性鉴定。结果获得大量纯化的表达产物;制备的多克隆抗血清双扩效价达1:8～1:64。获得1株能稳定分泌抗Sj14-3-3单抗的杂交瘤细胞株4D9,单抗亚类为IgG1。此株单抗能与重组Sj14-3-3蛋白发生特异性反应。结论获得了高度敏感、特异的抗Sj14-3-3多克隆抗血清及稳定分泌抗Sj14-3-3单抗的杂交瘤细胞。     

创伤弧菌溶细胞毒素单克隆抗体制备及其鉴定

目的制备创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)溶细胞素vvhA基因产物鼠源性单克隆抗体并鉴定其特异性和免疫性,为进一步研制创伤弧菌检测试剂盒奠定基础。方法采用IPTG诱导目的重组蛋白rvvhA表达,Ni-NTA亲和层析法提纯rvvhA,SDS-PAGE检测表达和提纯效果。采用杂交瘤技术和rvvhA-ELISA制备并筛选分泌rvvhA单克隆抗体的细胞株,有限稀释法进行细胞克隆。采用免疫双扩散法鉴定单克隆抗体类型。采用ELISA、免疫双扩散法和Western Blot鉴定单克隆抗体的效价和特异性。结果在0.5mmol/L IPTG诱导下,rvvhA产量可占细菌总蛋白的18%。提纯的rvvhA经SDS-PAGE后仅显示单一的蛋白条带。共获得9株rvvhA抗体阳性的杂交瘤细胞株,其中A5E8和C3B6株可持续分泌高效价特异性单克隆抗体,其抗体类型分别为IgG1和IgG2a。A5E8和C3B6单克隆抗体有较高特异性,与多种其它细菌蛋白不发生免疫反应,对rvvhA及创伤弧菌GTC333株和WZ01株蛋白的ELISA检测阳性的效价可达1∶4000~1∶8000、免疫双扩散效价为1∶4~1∶8,Western Blot结果显示此等单克隆抗体均能有效识别rvvhA。结论本研究成功地获得了2株稳定分泌rvvhA特异性单克隆抗体的鼠源性杂交瘤细胞株,rvvhA单克隆抗体可用于检测自然表达的创伤弧菌溶细胞素。     

重组SARS-CoV核衣壳蛋白的表达纯化及其单克隆抗体的制备鉴定

目的目的表达纯化SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)的核衣壳蛋白(nucleocapsid N蛋白),并制备出高安全性、高特异性的针对该蛋白的单克隆抗体(McAb),为SARS的早期快速诊断提供有力的抗体工具。方法在不接触病原体的前提下,采用全基因合成方式分别将SARS-CoV N蛋白编码基因第1-549位碱基(N端)和第496-1269位碱基(C端)直接合成至原核表达载体pET32a(+),表达、纯化重组蛋白(分别记为N1蛋白、N2蛋白),并以纯化蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备特异性针对N蛋白的单克隆抗体,以间接ELISA法对所需的杂交瘤细胞株进行配对筛选,分析其亚类,以Western blot和间接免疫荧光法鉴定单克隆抗体特异性。结果成功表达并纯化SARS-CoV N1、N2蛋白,筛选出7株抗SARS-CoV N1蛋白及2株抗SARS-CoVN2蛋白的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,IgG亚类鉴定6株为IgG1,2株为IgG2b,1株为IgG3,Western blot及间接免疫荧光证实所获的单克隆抗体可与SARS-CoV N蛋白发生特异性反应。结论重组SARS-CoV N蛋白成功表达及纯化,并由此获得了SARS-CoV特异性单克隆抗体,为SARS预防检测和发病机制研究奠定基础。     

Cytochrome 1A1 and 1B1 gene diversity in the Zanzibar islands

Amodiaquine (AQ) is a 4‐aminoquinoline widely used in the treatment of malaria as part of the artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). AQ is metabolised towards its main metabolite desethylamodiaquine mainly by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8). CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 play a minor role in the metabolism but they seem to be significantly involved in the formation of the short‐lived quinine‐imine. To complete the genetic variation picture of the main genes involved in AQ metabolism in the Zanzibar population, previously characterised for CYP2C8, we analysed in this study CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 main genetic polymorphisms. The results obtained show a low frequency of the CYP1A1*2B/C allele (2.4%) and a high frequency of CYP1B1*6 (approximately 42%) followed by CYP1B1*2 (approximately 27%) in Zanzibar islands. Genotype data for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 show a low incidence of fast metabolisers, revealing a relatively safe genetic background in Zanzibar’s population regarding the appearance of adverse effects.     

CYP1A1 , GSTM1 , GSTT1 and NQO1 polymorphisms and colorectal adenomas in Japanese men

AIM: To investigate the role of functional genetic poly-morphisms of metabolic enzymes of tobacco carcinogens in the development of colorectal adenomas. METHODS: The study subjects were 455 patients with colorectal adenomas and 1052 controls with no polyps who underwent total colonoscopy in a preretirement health examination at two Self Defense Forces hospitals. The genetic polymorphisms studied wereCYP1A1*2A (rs 4646903), CYP1A1*2C (rs 1048943), GSTM1 (null or non-null genotype), GSTT1 (null or non-null genotype) and NQO1 C609T (rs 1800566). Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism or PCR method using genomic DNA extracted from the buffy coat. Cigarette smoking and other life-style factors were ascertained by a self-administered questionnaire. The associations of the polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas were examined by means of OR and 95%CI, which were derived from logistic regression analysis. Statistical adjustment was made for smoking, alcohol use, body mass index and other factors. The gene-gene interaction and effect modification of smoking were evaluated by the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS: None of the five polymorphisms showed a significant association with colorectal adenomas, nor was the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1 . A borderline significant interaction was observed for the combination of CYP1A1*2C and NQO1 (P = 0.051). The OR associated with CYP1A1*2C was significantly lower than unity among individuals with the NQO1 609CC genotype. The adjusted OR for the combination of the CYP1A1*2C allele and NQO1 609CC genotype was 0.61 (95%CI: 0.42-0.91). Although the interaction was not statistically significant (P = 0.24), the OR for individuals carrying the CYP1A1*2C allele and GSTT1 null genotype decreased significantly compared with those who had neither CYP1A1*2C allele nor GSTT1 null genotype (adjusted OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.97). Smoking did not modify the associations of the individual polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas. There w     

Inhibition of procarcinogen-bioactivating human CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 enzymes by melatonin

Abstract:  Administration of melatonin to rodents decreases the incidence of tumorigenesis initiated by benzo[ a ]pyrene or 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene, which requires bioactivation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, to produce carcinogenic metabolites. The present study tested the hypothesis that melatonin is a modulator of human CYP1 catalytic activity and gene expression. As a comparison, we also investigated the effect of melatonin on the catalytic activity of CYP2A6, which is also a procarcinogen-bioactivating enzyme. Melatonin (3–300 μ m ) decreased 7-ethoxyresorufin O -dealkylation catalyzed by human hepatic microsomes and recombinant CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, whereas it did not affect coumarin 7-hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes or recombinant CYP2A6. Melatonin inhibited CYP1 enzymes by mixed inhibition, with apparent K _i values (mean ± S.E.M.) of 59 ± 1 (CYP1A1), 12 ± 1 (CYP1A2), 14 ± 2 (CYP1B1) and 46 ± 8 μ m (hepatic microsomes). Additional experiments indicated that melatonin decreased benzo[ a ]pyrene hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes and CYP1A2 but not by CYP1A1 or CYP1B1. Treatment of MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells with melatonin (up to 300 μ m ) did not affect basal or benzo[ a ]pyrene-inducible CYP1A1 or CYP1B1 gene expression. Consistent with this finding, melatonin did not influence reporter activity in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent pGudluc6.1-transfected MCF-10A cells treated with or without benzo[ a ]pyrene, as assessed in an in vitro cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay. Overall, melatonin is an in vitro inhibitor of human CYP1 catalytic activity, and it may be useful to develop potent analogues of melatonin as potential cancer chemopreventive agents that block CYP1-mediated chemical carcinogenesis.     

1-Naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine as metabolites of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate

Abstract: The importance of the bioactivation of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate was studied. Forty minutes after 1-naphthylisothiocyanate administration to rats, bile was collected over a 2.5-h period; the liver was then excised and homogenized. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate and its metabolites in bile and liver of rats were identified and quantified using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three main compounds were found in all 1-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated animals. They were identified as 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the parent compound, 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. When rats were given cycloheximide, which attenuates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate toxicity, 30 min before 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (300 mg/kg), 1-naphthyl isocyanate concentration was significantly lower than in rats receiving only 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. The appearance of 1-naphthylamine was also inhibited by cycloheximide, although not to the same extent as 1-naphthyl isocyanate. On the other hand, phenobarbital, which potentiates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate hepatotoxicity, enhanced 1-naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine formation. It is suggested that 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the highly reactive sulfur released from 1-naphthylisothiocyanate might be involved in the hepatotoxic effect of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate.     

Pandemic H1N1 influenza

The 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus that has targeted not only those with chronic medical illness, the very young and old, but also a large segment of the patient population that has previously been afforded relative protection - those who are young, generally healthy, and immune naive. The illness is mild in most, but results in hospitalization and severe ARDS in an important minority. Among those who become critically ill, 20-40% will die, predominantly of severe hypoxic respiratory failure. However, and potentially in part due to the young age of those affected, intensive care with aggressive oxygenation support will allow most people to recover. The volume of patients infected and with critical illness placed substantial strain on the capacity of the health care system and critical care most specifically. Despite this, the 2009 pandemic has engaged our specialty and highlighted its importance like no other. Thus far, the national and global critical care response has been brisk, collaborative and helpful - not only for this pandemic, but for subsequent challenges in years ahead.     

Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) polymorphism and susceptibility to primary brain tumors

Purpose Sulfotransferase 1A1 is a member of sulfotransferase family that plays an important role in the biotransformation of numerous carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds through sulfation. The present study has investigated the association between SULT1A1 polymorphism and primary brain tumor incidence. Methods SULT1A1 genotypes were successfully detected using the PCR-RFLP assay in 60 primary brain tumor patients and 156 hospital-based healthy control individuals with no history of cancer or precancerous disorder. Results There was a significant difference in genotypes distribution (GG vs. GA + AA) between brain tumor patients (GG genotype frequency = 48.3%) and control population (GG genotype frequency = 65.4%; OR = 2.019, 95% CI = 1.103–3.695; P = 0.022). In order to determine the association between SULT1A1 polymorphism and specific types of brain tumors, the patients were classified according to the type of brain tumors they suffer from: glial and non-glial. Results of the statistical analyses of each group of patients in comparison with the control individuals showed a significant difference only between SULT1A1 polymorphism and non-glial brain tumors (OR = 2.615; 95% CI = 1.192–5.739; P = 0.014) but glial tumors (OR = 1.535; 95% CI = 0.688–3.425; P = 0.293). When non-glial tumors were classified as meningiomal and others (pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, acoustic neuroma and hemangioblastoma), statistical analysis showed that this significance is only due to the meningiomal tumors (OR = 3.238; CI = 1.205–8.704; P = 0.015). We also estimated a reduced risk of brain tumor in non-smokers (OR = 1.700; CI = 0.800–3.615) in comparison to smokers (OR = 2.773; CI = 0.993–7.749), but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion Our findings have suggested that there was a significant association between brain tumor and SULT1A1*2 allele (A allele that is also known as His allele) and this allele is an important risk factor in the development of meningiomal brain tumors.     

Characterization of MTHFR,GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and CYP1A1 genotypes in childhood acute leukemia

The role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T), glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1 and GSTT1 null, GSTP1 Ile105Val), and cytochromes p450 (CYP1A1*2A) genotypes in the etiology of childhood leukemia was simultaneously investigated. 144 Turkish children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 33 with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were studied and compared with 185 healthy pediatric controls. The frequency of MTHFR genotype was insignificantly higher in ALL (7.7%) and ANLL (6.3%) than in controls (4.4%). Equal distribution of the GSTM1 null genotype was detected between ALL patients and controls (55%), while its incidence was slightly higher in ANLL patients (61.3%). Although GSTT1 null genotype was insignificantly lower in ALL patients (20.9%) than controls (22.7%), it was significantly underrepresented in ANLL patients (6.5%) (P = 0.05, OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.05-1.03). The homozygous frequency of GSTP1 genotype did not differ significantly between groups of ALL (3.7%), ANLL patients (9.1%) and controls (4.9%). Homozygous CYP1A1*2A genotype was underrepresented in ALL patients (1%) as compared to control (4.8%) but the differences did not reach to statistical significance (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.03-1.72). Homozygosity for this genotype was not detected in ANLL patients. No particular association was noted between different combinations of combined genotypes and risk of development of childhood ALL and ANLL. These results suggested that there are no significant associations between the studied genotypes and the risk of developing either form of acute leukemia except GSTT1 null and homozygosity for CYP1A1 genotypes that may play protective roles in the development of ANLL in Turkish children.