脐血流和胎心监护与胎儿宫内窘迫及围产儿预后的关系

胎心率监护作为判断胎儿宫内健康状况的监测方法，在国内外已普遍应用于临床，我们于2001年1月开始对在我院产科门诊就诊的妊娠28周以后的孕妇产前检查常规进行脐动脉血流速度监测与胎心监护仪监测，两种方法结合应用及时诊断胎儿宫内窘迫和低氧血症，为临床及时治疗和纠正宫内缺氧提供了可靠依据，有利于改善围产儿的预后。     

胎心监护在产程中的应用

目的减少围产儿的病残率和死亡率，熟练地识别胎心监护图，正确地指导产程中的处理。方法分析我院2002年1月-2004年12月在产程中采用胎心率电子外监护587例，出现异常胎心宫缩图形243例，其中基线率异常89例，胎心率各类减速94例，其中新生儿轻度窒息21例，重度窒息3例。结果产程中出现晚减(ID)、可变减(VD)、频发早减(ED)及基线率异常都是胎儿缺氧的表现。结论产妇产前应常规进行胎心监护，以便及时发现异常胎心变化，减少围产儿的死亡率及病残率。     

脐动脉舒张末期血流缺失对高危妊娠围产儿结局的意义

胎儿脐动脉血流测定预测胎儿宫内发育状况技术已应用于临床 ,并对临床治疗与处理起到了重要的作用。收缩期最大血流速度 /舒张末期血流速度 (S/ D)比值 >3为异常 ,而脐动脉舒张末期血流缺失 (Absent end- diastolic velocity,AEDV )者表示脐动脉血流异常的最严重程度 ,与围产儿     

脐血流和胎心监护与胎儿宫内缺氧及围产儿预后的关系

胎儿脐动脉血流速度监测和胎心监护两种方法结合应用能更准确地判断胎儿宫内缺氧，经积极治疗有利于改善围产儿的预后。     

第二产程胎心监护异常的处理及临床意义

目的 探讨第二产程胎心监护异常者的分娩方式,及其与产妇并发症和围产儿结局的关系。方法 回顾性分析我院足月单胎头位分娩产妇第二产程中胎心率（FHR）正常的111例（对照组）和胎心率异常的121例（观察组）的资料。结果 FHR异常的发生率为52.2%（121／232）,异常胎心率类型包知中、重度变异减速（VD）81例,占66.9%;晚期减速（LD）27例,占22.3%,其中仅1例发生连续LD;延长减速（PD）4例,占3.3%;VD合并LD2例,占1.7%;VD合并PD3例,占2.5%;基线变异减弱4例,占3.3%。对照组中,阴道助产13例（11.7%）,顺产98例（88.3%）;观察组中,顺产86例（71.1%）,阴道助产35例（28.9%）,其中29例（82.9%）为FHR异常而施术者,两组间比较,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。观察组、对照组新生儿窒息的发生率（分别为5.0%、1.8%）及产伤的发生率（14.3%、15.4%）比较,差异均无显著性（P＞0.05）;观察组中有1例产妇会阴Ⅲ度撕伤。结论 第二产程中FHR异常的发生率高,多为产程中胎头受压或脐带受压而引起的迷走神经反射或暂时性子宫胎盘血流减少,并非缺氧所致,不必急于干预,以免造成母、儿损伤。     

妊高征患者胎儿脐动脉及大脑中动脉血流动力学研究

目的探讨妊娠高血压综合征(PHI)患者胎儿脐动脉(UA)及大脑中动脉(MCA)的血流动力学变化规律,评价彩色多普勒血流显像技术在PIH上的利用价值。方法 应用彩色多普勒血流显像术检测95例正常晚期妊娠和52例PHI患者胎儿UA的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)及MCA的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI),计算MCA—PI/UA—PI、MCA—RI/UA—RI的比值,均取平均值比较。结果PIH组与正常组UA—PI值比较有明显增高(P<0.01),而UA—RI值二组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);MCA—PI值与MCA—RI值仅在重度PIH组与正常组间比较有显著降低(P<0.01);MCA—PI/UA—PI及MCA—RI/UA—RI的比值与正常组比较均有明显降低(P<0.01);重度PIH组MCA—PI/UA—PI及MCA—RI/UA—RI的比值二者均小于1。预测围产儿结局方面,MCA—PI/UA—PI具有高的敏感性(88.89％)、特异性(97.06％)、阳性预测值(94.12％)及阴性预测值(94.28％),其诊断指数最高为0.86,且与单一血管比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论妊高征患者胎儿的胎盘循环与颅脑循环的血流动力学变化规律不一致,二者结合在预测妊高征病情发展程度和预测围产儿结局方面有重要的临床价值。     

胎儿脐动脉血流速度与围产儿预后的关系

胎儿脐动脉血流速度与围产儿预后的关系李扬黄醒华胎儿脐动脉血流速度波形是反应胎儿胎盘循环状态的指标之一。当胎盘血管阻力增加时，脐动脉舒张期血流速度下降，血流速度波形表现异常。为探讨胎儿脐动脉血流与围产儿预后的关系，我们对１００例孕妇进行了脐动脉血流速度...     

胎儿脐动脉血流异常波形与围产儿结局的关系

胎儿脐动脉血流异常波形与围产儿结局的关系杨玉英江森郝素媛戴笙张慧琴张薇张运王淑琨应用彩色多普勒超声技术，可以从胎儿血流动力学的角度预测胎儿宫内发育状况。我们应用彩色多普勒超声，监测胎儿脐动脉血流，现将脐动脉血流异常波形与围产儿结局的关系分析如下。一...     

胎儿宫内窘迫时的胎儿胎盘血液动力学改变

目的：评价彩色多普勒超声检查在围产儿监护方面的价值。方法：对２２例胎儿宫内缺氧（宫内窘迫组）和６例围产儿死亡（围产儿死亡组）的胎儿胎盘血管超声结果进行分析，同时与同期５５５例妊娠３６～４０周正常妊娠胎儿（正常妊娠组）比较。使用仪器为ＵＭ９ＨＤＩ彩色多普勒超声诊断仪。结果：与正常妊娠组比较，胎儿宫内窘迫组胎儿肾动脉、脐动脉和胎盘床动脉阻力均显著升高，大脑中动脉阻力无变化；围产儿死亡组中，除胎儿外周血管阻力升高外，其大脑中动脉阻力明显降低，以及脐动脉和肾动脉舒张期血流缺如或返流。结论：胎儿宫内缺氧使胎儿血液动力学发生明显的变化，血液动力学变化，对预测胎儿宫内缺氧具有一定的价值。     

无应力试验出现自然减速61例临床分析

目的探讨无应力试验的出现血然减速原因及与围产儿预后的关系：方法对1750例孕妇人院后常规做无应力实验(以下简称NST)，对6l例出现自然减速的病人进行分析。结果61例病人分娩后发现，相关因素依次为脐带因素占42．62％；不明原因占22．95％；羊水过少占11．48％；孕过期(孕周≥4l周及过期妊娠)占11．4％；妊高征占6．58％；胎儿宫内发育迟缓占4．92％。61例中低阿氏评分5例，发生围产儿死亡3例，占49．18％。结论分析表明NST度验时出现胎心率自然减速常常是胎儿潜在不良的征象，如再伴发CST阳性时为胎儿严重缺氧的信号，表示胎盘功能不良。反应型的NST出现自然减速，不能按反应型NST对待，应按无反应型NST处理。NST出现自然减速要高度怀疑：脐带异常、羊水过少、IUGR及孕过期，应加强产前及产时的监护，有条件的单位应采用胎儿生物物理监测，结合临床情况及时判断胎儿有无急慢性缺氧，适时行剖宫产术，及时终止妊娠，以降低围产儿死亡率。     

胎儿宫内生长迟缓孕妇静脉血及其新生儿脐血一氧化氮水平测定的临床意义

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Benefits and risks of MRI in pregnancy

Ultrasound remains the modality of choice in imaging the fetus due to its availability, safety, and low cost. With advances in technology, however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important adjuvant in the evaluation of the fetus. MRI is not limited by fetal lie, oligohydramnios, overlying bone, or obesity. MRI can image the fetus in any plane, providing a large field of view of the fetus and placenta with excellent soft tissue resolution of the brain, airway, lungs, and abdomen. Advanced techniques are being developed that provide volumetric data, spectroscopy, and functional images. MRI has its own set of challenges with a lack of consensus regarding its utility and safety. Artifact from the moving fetus and breathing mother limits the sequences available. While there is currently no evidence that fetal MRI produces harmful effects, long-term safety regarding radiofrequency fields and the loud acoustic environment continues to be studied. In this review, the benefits and potential risks of fetal MRI will be discussed.     

Comparison of the accuracy of INTERGROWTH-21 formula with other ultrasound formulae in fetal weight estimation

Objective

A new ultrasound formula for fetal weight estimation was proposed from the INTERGROWTH-21 project in 2017. There is no comparison of its accuracy with other ultrasound formulae. This study aims to compare the accuracy of INTERGROWTH-21 formula in fetal weight estimation with the traditional Hadlock1 and Shepard formula.

Chromosomal and cardiac anomalies in fetuses with intracardiac echogenic foci.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of intracardiac echogenic foci (ICEF) and the association between ICEF and chromosomal and cardiac anomalies in Brazilian women. METHODS: In a cross-sectional observational study, 373 of the 23,360 genetic sonograms performed at a private maternal-fetal medicine clinic over 5 years showed intracardiac echogenic foci (ICEF). These 373 sonograms were reviewed for chromosomal and cardiac anomalies and associations were analyzed using the chi(2) test or the Fisher exact test. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of ICEF was 1.7%. Cardiac anomalies were detected in 10 sonograms (2.7%) and chromosomal anomalies in 14 (3.7%). There were cardiac defects in 6 (1.7%) of the 359 euploid fetuses with isolated ICEF. Of the 373 women who had fetuses with ICEF, 295 were younger than 35 years and 78 were 35 years or older. There were 6 fetuses (2.1%) with aneuploidy in the younger group and 8 (10.3%) in the older group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ICEF was 1.7%, and there was an association between cardiac and chromosomal anomalies. Women carrying fetuses with ICEF should be offered fetal echocardiography and karyotyping.     

脂联素和内脂素与胎儿生长发育的关系

目的 探讨脂肪因子--脂联素和内脂素与胎儿生长发育的关系.方法 收集2007年6月至12月北京军区总医院妇产科住院分娩的产妇42例,其中分娩胎儿生长受限(FGR)儿14例(FGR组),分娩巨大儿14例(巨大儿组),分娩出生体重正常新生儿14例(对照组).采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA,双抗体夹心法)检测3组产妇血和新生儿脐血中的脂联素和内脂素的水平,并分析新生儿脐血中脂联素和内脂素水平与产妇血中水平的相关性.结果 (1)FGR组产妇血中内脂素水平为(41.4±5.5)μ/L,明显高于对照组的(34.7±4.9)μ/L和巨大儿组的(37.3±4.4)μ/L,分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);巨大儿组产妇血中脂联索水平为(4.1±1.3)mg/L,显著低于对照组的(6.6±1.5)mg/L和FGR组的(6.4±1.3)mg/L,分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01).(2)FGR组新生儿脐血中内脂素水平为(58.1±7.6)μ/L,明显高于对照组的(42.6±7.8)μ/L和巨大儿组的(48.5±9.1)μ/L,分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);巨大儿组新生儿脐血中脂联素水平为(6.5±1.3)mg/L,低于对照组的(7.7±1.5)mg/L和FGR组的(7.7±1.0)mg/L,分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).(3)脐血中内脂素水平高于产妇血中的水平,两者呈显著正相关关系(r=0.720,P<0.01);脐血中脂联素水平略高于产妇血中的水平,两者无明显相关性(r=0.301,P>0.05).结论 内脂索水平的升高可能与FGR的发生有关,脂联素水平的降低可能与巨大儿的发生有关.     

Study of abdominal circumference proportions in fetuses with growth disorders

Objective Abdominal circumference is the ultrasound parameter that best correlates with fetal growth. The purpose of this study was to assess whether its proportions change in cases of growth disorders.Methods Using the abdominal protuberance ratio(APR) described in a previous paper, the abdominal circumference in fetuses affected by macrosomia and growth retardation was studied.Results and conclusions In both cases, a major tendency to a normal APR was observed, revealing that abdominal circumference in macrosomic and growth-retarded fetuses changes as a whole, probably reflecting a global action of the factors participating in growth promotion or restriction. In cases of macrosomia, the minor slide to a high APR could reveal the specificity of the storage organs situated anteriorly in the abdomen. Otherwise, in cases of growth retardation, the slight tendency to a high APR would reveal a special reduction in the abdominal circumference in the posterior part of its surface, probably as a consequence of the flow redistribution mechanism.     

Techniques,terminology, and indications for MRI in pregnancy

Fetal MRI is now a well-established imaging modality for the diagnostic evaluation of fetuses with congenital anomalies. In this article, the authors provide a brief overview of the physical principles involved in fetal MRI imaging, the sequences that are used in clinical practice today, current indications, and limitations. A review of current evidence supports the following indications for fetal MRI: suspected central nervous system anomalies, neck and oropharyngeal masses, diaphragmatic hernia, abdominal masses or bowel pathology not fully characterized by ultrasonography, and suspected fetal infection. Other indications should be decided on a case-by-case basis with close collaboration between the departments of maternal–fetal medicine and radiology. More research is needed to determine the role of fetal MRI in functional neuroimaging at higher magnetic field strengths (3 T).     

Dystocia in nulliparous patients monitored with fetal pulse oximetry

OBJECTIVE: A critical analysis of the United States randomized controlled trial of fetal pulse oximetry concluded that nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns used for study entry may have been a marker for dystocia. We prospectively studied nulliparous women in labor whose progress was monitored with fetal pulse oximetry to examine the relationship between nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns and operative delivery for dystocia. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective nonrandomized observational cohort study compared two distinct classes of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns (class I: intermittent, mildly nonreassuring; class II: persistent, progressive, and moderate to severely nonreassuring) among nulliparous patients with the use of fetal pulse oximetry to confirm fetal well-being. Definitions of dystocia included the cessation of labor progress in the first (3 hours) or second (2 hours) stage of labor, despite adequate uterine activity that was assessed with an intrauterine pressure catheter. Independent review confirmed the classification of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns and study entry criteria. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-four patients met study criteria and had sufficient information for fetal heart rate tracing interpretation. Two hundred thirty-seven patients (86.5%) were class II, and 37 patients (13.5%) were class I. The two classes of patients were comparable in a variety of obstetric, demographic, and perinatal variables. Twelve percent of all patients were delivered for nonreassuring fetal status. Significantly more class II patients (22%) were delivered by cesarean for dystocia than were class I patients (8%). Higher doses and a longer number of hours of oxytocin were required among class II patients. Significantly more occiput posterior positions were noted among all patients who underwent cesarean delivery for dystocia compared with other modes of delivery. CONCLUSION: Significantly nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns predict cesarean delivery for dystocia among nulliparous patients with normally oxygenated fetuses in a setting of a standardized labor management protocol. This confirms the observations in the randomized controlled trial of fetal pulse oximetry in the United States and may provide insight into the treatment of nonprogressive labor in contemporary practice.     

Intrapartum cardiotocography and fetal pulse oximetry in assessing fetal hypoxia.

OBJECTIVES: A retrospective analysis of short-term variability (STV), a cardiotocography (CTG) parameter, in relation to fetal blood saturation values (FSpO(2)) obtained by fetal pulse oximetry. METHODS: The study included 26 healthy pregnant women monitored continuously during delivery with both cardiotocography and fetal pulse oximetry. RESULTS: Lower FSpO(2) values were observed in the group showing STV levels 6.0 ms (34.4+/-2.9% vs. 43+/-7.2%; P<0.001). A positive correlation was found between STV levels 相似文献