芦荟的功效成份与保健作用的研究

「目的」研究福建省产木立芦荟、库拉索芦荟和斑纹芦荟的功效成分和保健作用。「方法」应用高效液相色谱、比色法分别检测芦荟中芦荟甙和芦荟多糖,以动物试验评价芦荟制品对人体机能的调节作用。「结果」芦荟制品对小鼠具有免疫调节、润肠通便和辐射防护作用。「结论」芦荟在保健方面有开发、利用的广阔前景。     

云南傣族风味传统食品维生素B1、B2及维生素C的测定

云南是中国西南边疆一个独特的高原省份 ,人口近 40 0 0万。其中傣族人口超过 10 0万 ,是云南人口最多的 4个少数民族之一。云南傣族独特的食物及烹调方法形成了其丰富多彩的饮食文化。许多食品资源有待发掘 ,有关营养成分的报道几乎没有。为了解云南傣族风味传统营养成分 ,为食物资源开发提供科学依据 ,填补云南食物营养成分空白 ,我们对云南傣族12种传统风味食品中维生素Ｂ1、Ｂ2 及Ｃ含量进行测定。现将结果报道如下。材料与方法　 (1)样品 :测定的 12种食物为云南傣族风味传统食品 ,由专业人员按“食物营养成分测定方法”〔1〕规定的相…     

药食皆优的芦荟

芦荟,又名龙角、狼牙掌,属百合科多年生草本植物。芦荟种类很多,各种类型的芦荟,性状差异也很大。据不完全统计,芦荟有300余种,原产非洲热带干旱地区,现分布几乎遍及世界各地。在我国南北各地均有种植,栽培品种主要有库拉索、好望角、木立、皂素、中华等品种。在我国沿江地区，至今尚有野生芦荟存在。     

不同产地芦荟中锗的光谱分析

目的　对不同产地库拉索芦荟中有机锗含量进行分析。方法　以CTMAB为增溶剂 ,在酸性条件下使锗—苯芴酮络合物稳定地保持在水相中 ,用光谱分析法测定芦荟中有机锗含量。结果　线性范围为 0～ 0 7μg ml;方法回收率为 98 1%～ 99 0 % ,变异系数小于 1 8%。     

稀土地域野生枸杞叶茶营养成分及稀土元素含量分析

目的：研究稀土地域野生枸杞叶及所制茶叶的营养成分及稀土元素含量。方法：分别采用常规的化学方法及电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定其营养成分及稀土元素的含量。结果：野生枸杞叶及枸杞叶茶中含有一定量的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化物、维生素C及钙、铁、锌，并含有少量的稀土元素。结论：稀土地域野生枸杞叶有进一步开发研究利用的价值。     

健康热点——芦荟

1996年,联合国粮农组 织对全球的野生植物资源进行了比较研究,并从有益于人类健康的角度进行了综合排名,结果芦荟排名第一,被联合国粮农组织誉为“21世纪人类最佳保健品”。芦荟的英文名为ALOE,来源于阿拉伯语ALLOEH,其意是“苦而有光”,是百合科多年生多肉类植物,千姿百态,花色、叶型各有特色,适于不同的栽培目的。世界上的芦荟有500多个品种,其中功效较好的有:美国库拉索芦荟、日本木立芦荟和中华芦荟。芦荟作为一种集医疗、美容、保健、观赏等多种功能于一身的天然绿色植物,随着人们崇尚自然,追求健康、环保意识的复苏,从美国到…     

芦荟复方制剂对糖尿病模型小鼠的降糖作用研究

目的研究库拉索芦荟、苦瓜、葛根复方制剂对糖尿病模型小鼠血糖和糖耐量影响。方法实验一为正常小鼠,设空白对照和芦荟复方制剂高剂量组0.6 g/(kg·BW);实验二采用四氧嘧啶诱发小鼠糖尿病模型,造模成功后随机分为模型对照组和芦荟复方制剂低0.15 g/(kg·BW)、中0.3 g/(kg·BW)、高0.6 g/(kg·BW)剂量组。灌胃相应剂量的芦荟复方制剂或蒸馏水30天后,测定正常小鼠空腹血糖以及糖尿病模型小鼠空腹血糖和糖耐量的变化。结果芦荟复方制剂不影响正常小鼠的体重和空腹血糖水平。芦荟复方制剂3个剂量组与模型对照组比较,空腹血糖(F=9.2470,P=0.000 1)、0.5 h血糖(F=3.010,P=0.043)、2 h血糖(F=7.496,P=0.001)和血糖曲线下面积(F=6.090,P=0.002)均降低,差异有统计学意义。结论芦荟复方制剂具有降低糖尿病模型小鼠血糖和改善糖耐量的作用。     

10种野生食用鲜花维生素B1、B2、C含量测定

目前．我国自然界有可食用花卉虽然达百种以上，但常被食用的还不足总量的1／10，而目前发展较好的也只是菊花、金银花、茉莉花等数种，大量的鲜花资源有待开发。营养成分分析及评价是研究野生食用鲜花资源的基础和前提。本研究用标准方法荧光法测定鲜花中维生素B1、维生素B2及维生素C含量，同时探讨烹调加工方法对维生素的损失程度及影响。据此进行营养评价并提出具有较大开发利用和推广价值的野生食物资源。旨在填补云南野生食用鲜花营养成分空白，为花卉资源的开发和综合利用提供科学参考依据。     

具有美容功效的中药

芦荟 味苦，性寒。归肝经、大肠经。芦荟含有大量的天然蛋白质、维生素、叶绿素、矿物质、氨基酸、脂肪酸、活性酶、微量元素等营养成分，还含有芦荟素、芦荟黏多糖、芦荟甙、活性水等多种使皮肤美白的特殊功效成分，其中脂肪酸和维生素E是芦荟中含量最高的成分，它们恰恰是表皮细胞所需的营养，可以及时修复晒后受损的皮肤。[第一段]     

芦荟-丹参复方凝胶对痤疮主要致病菌的体外抑菌研究

目的：探讨两种中药材主要有效成分对痤疮主要致病菌体外的协同抑菌作用,并寻找最佳配比。方法：测定不同比例混合的芦荟-丹参复方凝胶及单方凝胶对痤疮主要致病菌的抑菌圈大小及最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果：芦荟-丹参复方凝胶抑菌效果优于单方凝胶,配比以1：2为最佳,复方凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为37.5 mg/L,对痤疮丙酸杆菌的MIC为75 mg/L。结论：芦荟-丹参复方凝胶对痤疮主要致病菌有较强的抑制作用,且两者的作用可以相互促进。     

湖南产地4种豆类蔬菜中氨基酸组成及营养评价

目的对湖南产地4种豆类蔬菜的氨基酸组成及含量进行分析评价,为豆类蔬菜合理利用提供依据。方法采用Kjeltee 2300自动凯氏定氮仪对湖南产地4种豆类蔬菜的蛋白质进行测定,采用曼默博尔A300全自动氨基酸分析仪进行氨基酸成分分析;采用氨基酸评分法对豆类营养价值进行了评价。结果豆类中氨基酸除了黑豆不含蛋氨酸外,其余均含17种氨基酸;黑豆中的蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量以及必需氨基酸含量均最高,分别为35.60 g/100 g、31.75 g/100 g、9.20 g/100 g;3种豆类蔬菜的必需氨基酸中赖氨酸含量最高,分别为花豆(1.39 g/100 g)、芸豆(0.92 g/100 g)、豇豆(1.07 g/100 g),黑豆的必需氨基酸中赖氨酸含量居第二(1.91 g/100 g),略低于亮氨酸;芸豆中赖氨酸含量(44.88 mg/g蛋白)低于WHO/FAO模式(55 mg/g蛋白),其余3种豆类蔬菜的赖氨酸含量均高于或者接近WHO/FAO模式(55 mg/g蛋白)和卵清蛋白模式(55 mg/g蛋白),分别为花豆(72.40 mg/g蛋白)、豇豆(53.77 mg/g蛋白)、黑豆(53.65 mg/g蛋白);4种豆类蔬菜的限制氨基酸均为异亮氨酸或缬氨酸或色氨酸。结论豆类蔬菜中赖氨酸含量优异,具有较高的营养价值;可以通过与富含异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸的食物等进行结合食用,构建合理膳食,提高食用价值。     

芦荟、西洋参和番泻叶联合作用对小鼠润肠通便的功能研究

目的 探究不同配伍剂量的库拉索芦荟全叶冻干粉、番泻叶提取物与西洋参提取物联合使用对小鼠润肠通便的作用及机制。方法 雄性昆明种小鼠120只,按人体推荐量的10倍/20倍设置剂量组,随机分为空白组、模型组、芦荟10倍（133 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参10倍（42.67 mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶10倍组（33.33 mg·kg.bw）、芦荟20倍（267 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参20倍（85.34mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶20倍组（66.66 mg·kg.bw）、芦荟10倍（133 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参20倍（85.34mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶10倍组（33.33 mg·kg.bw）、芦荟10倍（133 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参10倍（42.67 mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶20倍组（66.66 mg·kg.bw）。给药14 d,洛哌丁胺混悬液灌胃建立小鼠便秘模型,观察黑便情况、小肠墨汁推进率、GDNF、iNOS mRNA表达和蛋白表达。结果 与模型组相比,各剂量组墨汁推进率均明显增高（F = 6.628;P＜0.01）,各剂量组排便实验结果阳性。与模型组相比,芦荟10倍 + 西洋参10倍 + 番泻叶10倍组和芦荟20倍 + 西洋参20倍 + 番泻叶20倍组GDNF mRNA表达增高（F = 28.377,P＜0.05）,iNOS mRNA表达降低（F = 9.153;P＜0.05）。与模型组相比,空白组、芦荟10倍 + 西洋参10倍 + 番泻叶10倍组、芦荟20倍 + 西洋参20倍 + 番泻叶20倍组GDNF蛋白相对含量比升高（F = 4.760;P＜0.05）;芦荟10倍 + 西洋参20倍 + 番泻叶10倍组iNOS蛋白相对含量比下降（F = 9.585;P＜0.05）。 结论 三种药物联合使用通便效果好,提示库拉索芦荟全叶冻干粉联合西洋参提取物和番泻叶提取物可通过增加GDNF表达、抑制NO产生,促进肠道蠕动。     

Assessment of phenolic acid content and in vitro antiradical characteristics of hawthorn

The infusions and extracts obtained from leaves with flowers, fruit peel, and seed from hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Family Rosaceae) were subjected to evaluation as potential sources of antioxidant phytochemicals on the basis of their total content of phenolics, levels of phenolic acids, and in vitro antiradical activity. Total phenolic content of extracts was determined using the modified Folin-Ciocalteau method. Antioxidant activity was determined for phenolic extracts by a method involving the use of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Phenolic acids containing extracts and infusions from hawthorn leaves, fruit peel, and seeds were obtained using different polarity solvents and separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, which enabled improved separation by the use of a C(18) column, an acidic mobile phase, and gradient elusion. The highest total phenolic content (343.54?mg of gallic acid equivalents/g) and the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity as the inhibition percentage (60.36%) were obtained in ethyl acetate extract from hawthorn leaves with flower. Also, the highest phenolic acid content was measured in the extracts of hawthorn leaves with flowers: protocathechuic (108-128?mg/100?g), p-hydroxy benzoic (141-468?mg/100?g), caffeic (137-3,580?mg/100?g), chlorogenic (925-4,637?mg/100?g), ferulic (3,363-3,462?mg/100?g), vanillic (214?mg/100?g), and syringic (126?mg/100?g) acids. The results indicate that hawthorn is a promising plant because of its high antioxidant activity.     

芦荟全叶粉90天亚慢性毒性研究

为了观察芦荟全叶粉长期食用对健康的影响 ,选用健康断乳SD大鼠 88只 ,随机分为 4组 ,每组 2 2只 ,雌雄各半 ,分别给予芦荟全叶粉 0、2、4、8g kgBW (按 0、2 5%、5%、10 %比例 )掺入基础饲料喂饲 90天。结果表明 ,芦荟全叶粉使大鼠排便量增加 ,粪便松软 ;雄性 8g kgBW剂量组大鼠体重增长明显缓慢 (P <0 0 1)、食物利用率降低 (P <0 0 1) ,4g kgBW剂量组食物利用率下降 (P <0 0 5) ,体重影响不明显 ,2g kgBW剂量组和雌性各剂量组对大鼠体重、食物利用率无影响。雄性 8g kgBW剂量组和雌性各剂量组肾 体比值增大 (P<0 0 1) ,4、8g kgBW剂量组睾丸 体比值增大 (P <0 0 5)。芦荟全叶粉对大鼠血液学指标 ,尿NAG酶 ,血清转氨酶、血脂、肌酐等生化指标无影响 ,8g kgBW剂量组血清BUN升高 (P <0 0 1)。病理检查 ,除 2g kgBW剂量组结肠粘膜无色素沉积外 ,各剂量组均可引起肾小管上皮、肠系膜淋巴结、结肠粘膜固有层色素沉积和肠系膜淋巴结增生 ,而肝、脾、睾丸 (或卵巢 )等脏器未见有意义的病理改变。本实验条件下 ,芦荟全叶粉有作用剂量为 2g kgBW (芦荟甙 11 8mg kgBW )。     

Plasma, tissue and urinary levels of aloin in rats after the administration of pure aloin

Aloin is a physiologically active anthraquinone present in aloe. There are two isomers of aloin, aloin A and aloin B, occurring as a mixture of diastereomers. The objective of this study was to determine the bioavailability and tissue distribution of aloin. Rats were gavaged with 11.8g/kg aloin, and the levels of aloin and its conjugates were measured in plasma, tissues, and urine. Plasma aloin level showed a peak at 1hr after the administration and the concentration was 59.07±10.5 ng/ml. The 24 h cumulated urinary aloin was 0.03% of the initial dose. These results suggest that aloin is absorbed and reaches a peak plasma level within 1-1.5 h after the administration and a significant portion is possibly metabolized or is excreted in feces. These results can apply to the determination of the adequate intake level of aloe and aloe products to achieve the desired biological effect, and to interprete in vitro study results.     

Nutritional evaluation and health promoting activities of nuts and seeds cultivated in Greece

Abstract

Available data suggest that genetic as well as environmental factors may influence nuts and seeds nutrients content. In this context nuts and seeds cultivated in Greece were studied. Macronutrients content was in agreement with that from other areas. Total phenolics content was in the range of 43.0?±?2.1–1512.7?±?60.7?mg GAE/100?g for chestnut and walnut, respectively. Thirteen to 22 individual phenolics were identified in the studied species. Oleanolic acid was in the range of 0.10–9.03?mg/100?g. Pumpkin seeds contained the higher squalene content (71.6?mg/100?g). β-Sitosterol predominated in all samples except pumpkin seeds. Tocopherols ranged from 8.9?mg/100?g (chestnut) to 29.3?mg/100?g (almond). Nuts and seeds hydrophilic extracts at quantities corresponding to the estimated daily consumption by the Greeks succeeded in inhibiting LDL oxidation in vitro by increasing lag time 1.1–14.1 times. One serving of nuts or seeds may cover a significant fraction of health promoting microconstituents daily intake.     

金银花抗豚鼠巨细胞病毒的体外实验研究

目的研究中药金银花体外抗豚鼠巨细胞病毒的效果。方法用细胞病变法和MTT法检测金叶败毒及金银花的最大无毒浓度和最小有效浓度,计算其治疗指数。结果金银花和金叶败毒的最大无毒浓度均为3×10-3mg/ml,金银花和金叶败毒的最小有效浓度分别为3×10-4mg/ml和3×10-5mg/ml,治疗指数分别为100和10。结论金银花具有体外抗豚鼠巨细胞病毒的作用,但抗病毒作用低于金叶败毒。     

芦荟抗氧化物质活性及对红细胞的保护作用

目的 :　对 6种芦荟提取物的抗氧化活性进行比较研究 ,进一步纯化并探讨抗氧化物对动物红细胞的保护功能。方法 :　采用分别产生氧自由基 (O-2· )和羟自由基 (·OH)的化学模型体系研究清除自由基的活性 ,进一步利用硅胶柱和薄层层析法对龙山芦荟 (Aloe berebihoria)的提取物进行纯化 ,并用反相高压液相色谱法分析其纯度 ,采用体外红细胞体系研究抗氧化物对动物细胞的保护功能。结果 :　龙山芦荟 (Aloe berebihoria)提取物的清除两种自由基的能力最强 ,清除率分别为 3 2 .1 9%和 2 6 .0 5 % ,经纯化得到组分 A(比移值 Rf为 0 .497) ,高压液相色谱分析为单一组分 ,保留时间 (Rt)为 1 5 .95 6 min,醋酸镁甲醇显色反应表明该物质为具有酚羟基的蒽醌类物质。A组分对由活性氧引起的红细胞溶血有较高的抑制作用 ,半抑制量 (IC50 )为 0 .85 6 g/L。结论 :　龙山芦荟提取物的组分 A对 O-2· 和· OH具有强烈的清除作用 ,从而抑制红细胞膜脂质过氧化 ,保护红细胞膜的生理功能     

Changes in the quality of surimi made from thornback ray (Raja clavata, L. 1758) during frozen storage

Surimi was prepared from the thornback ray (Raja clavata L. 1758) and divided into two groups. The first group was prepared with 4% sorbitol, 4% sucrose and 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate as a cryoprotectant, while surimi in second group was prepared with 8% sorbitol and 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate. The frozen surimi samples were stored at 23.8 +/- 2 degrees C for 6 months. The total volatile basic nitrogen (8.40 mg/100 g for group A, 6.30 mg/100 g for group B), trimethylamine nitrogen (2.55 mg/100 g for group A, 2.38 mg/100 g for group B), thiobarbituric acid (1.29 mg malondialdehyde/100 g for group A, 1.17 mg malondialdehyde/ 100 g for group B), and pH values (7.34 for group A, 6.98 for group B) of surimi increased during frozen storage but remained within the acceptable limits. Total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria counts and sensory evaluation points in both groups decreased during frozen storage. The results of this study showed that thornback ray was found to be suitable for surimi production and the surimis were still acceptable at the end of the 6-month storage period.     

Tocopherols and tocotrienols in Finnish foods: human milk and infant formulas

Individual tocopherols and tocotrienols in human milk, mother's milk substitutes and other infant formulas have been determined by an HPLC method. 107 human milk samples (23 colostral, 22 transitional and 62 mature) obtained from six healthy mothers throughout the lactation were found to contain all the tocopherols, although delta-tocopherol occurred only in traces. A high content of alpha-tocopherol was found in colostrum (average 1.90 +/- 1.62 (SD) mg/100 g), as compared with transitional (0.65 +/- 0.22 mg/100 g) and mature milk (0.47 +/- 0.16 mg/100 g). The content of beta-tocopherol averaged 0.05 +/- 0.03, 0.02 +/- 0.01 and 0.02 +/- 0.01 and gamma-tocopherol 0.11 +/- 0.09, 0.07 +/- 0.04 and 0.07 +/- 0.04 mg/100 g in colostral, transitional and mature milk respectively. The alpha-tocopherol equivalents thus were 1.93, 0.66 and 0.49 mg/100 g; their ratios to the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids meet the nutritional need of the newborn and young infant: 5.7, 2.1 and 1.4 mg/g in colostral, transitional and mature milk. Mother's milk substitutes and gruel and porridge powders are enriched with tocopherol acetate to vitamin E levels similar to or higher than those in human milk: substitutes contained on average 1.4 mg alpha-tocopherol equivalents/100 g and reconstituted powders 1.1 mg/100 g. The ratio of vitamin E to polyunsaturated fatty acids of these infant formulas was higher than the recommended value of 0.6 mg/g. The average values for alpha-tocopherol equivalents in fruit-berry and meat-vegetable infant formulas were 0.46 and 0.38 mg/100 g.