早期乳腺癌保乳手术后10年局部复发与部分乳腺放疗

目的:总结早期乳腺癌保乳手术后局部复发的表现,分析全乳放疗的作用.方法:1990年4月至1995年12月保乳治疗原发性早期乳腺癌49例.行象限切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫术40例,单纯肿块局部广泛切除术9例.术后全乳切线加瘤床放疗39例,全乳切线照射整个乳房,6-MV X线,中平面剂量45GY,瘤床补加电子束剂量15GY.结果:本组10年复发3例,占6.12%(3/49),均为非浸润性癌.术后不加全乳放疗组局部复发率高(2.56%与20.00%).行象限切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫手术组局部复发率低于单纯肿块局部广泛切除术组(2.5%与22.22%).局部复发病例l00%为原位复发.结论:保乳术后放疗是必要的,只限于肿瘤邻近区域足够剂量的放疗方式应该是可行的.     

保留乳房手术在早期乳腺癌治疗中的应用

目的：研究规范病例的选择、手术的范围及术后辅助治疗的方式,使早期乳腺癌的保乳治疗取得良好的局部控制水平、生存率及生活质量。方法：1995年10月-2000年2月,对78例早期乳腺癌病例实施了保乳治疗。手术指征：肿瘤最大直径≥3cm,周围型肿块,年龄≤65岁,病人有保留乳房的意愿,乳房足够大,以保证术后有良好的外形。手术方式为肿块广泛切除加腋淋巴结清扫;肿块位于乳腺外上象限者,原发灶与腋窝行整块切除。术后常规行辅助放疗及化疗。结果：手术标本各个切缘的组织病理切片检查未发现肿瘤累及。13例为导管内癌,9例特殊型浸润性癌,56例为浸润性导管癌;8例患者腋淋巴结发现癌转移,中位淋巴结转移个数为3个（1-8）。中位随访时间22个月。尚无局部及区域复发的病例。有1例远处转移,转移部位是胸膜,手术至转移期间30个月。对40名保乳治疗满一年的病例行乳房外形的随访,两侧乳头水平高度相差＞3cm有7例（17.5%),两侧乳房下皱褶水平高度相差＞3cm有3例（7.5%),两侧乳头与胸骨中线距离相差＞1.5cm有2例（5%）。结论：规范的广泛切除、腋淋巴结清扫及术后辅助放疗是早期乳腺癌保乳治疗的关键措施,可使局部复发率降低;同时保乳治疗后大多数病例能够保持良好的乳房外形。     

乳腺癌保乳术后加速部分乳腺照射的靶区确定

目前,保乳治疗已经成为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌的主要治疗方式.保乳术后放疗的目的主要是提高局部肿瘤控制率和乳房保全率.一直以来,全乳房照射加瘤床补量的放疗模式是乳腺癌保乳术后放疗的常规选择,因为这种放疗模式明显降低了局部肿瘤复发率.大量研究证明,保乳术后复发绝大多数发生在瘤床及其附近区域,因此单纯针对瘤床的部分乳腺照射（partial breast irradiation,PBI）成为近期乳腺癌放疗研究的热点.PBI的剂量分割方式通常为加速分割,因此亦可称其为加速部分乳腺照射（accelerated partial breast irradiation,APBI）.以下重点综述APBI的靶区确定.     

0期乳腺癌18例保乳手术治疗

目的：探讨乳腺导管内视镜检出的0期乳癌施行保乳手术的效果。方法：将乳腺导管内视镜检出的36例导管内癌患者随机分为两组分别行保乳手术和仿11根治术(MRMII)，分析治疗效果。结果：随访6月到36月(中位26月)，两组均无复发及转移。两组均无死亡病例。保乳手术组患者术后在乳房外观和生存质量方面明显优于MRMII组。结论：对乳腺导管内视镜检出的0期乳癌施行保留乳房手术是可行的。     

副乳腺肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨副乳腺肿瘤的发病特点,诊断和治疗选择。方法：对１９８０年至１９９９年经治的１６例副乳腺肿瘤的临床和病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果：１６例中,副乳纤维腺瘤５例,副乳导管内乳头状瘤２例,副乳癌９例（其中１例为腹股沟处）,分别予局部肿瘤切除和根治性切除,且９例副乳癌病例术后均辅以化疗和放疗。１３例（８１．３％）术后随访１～１０年,随访期间３例副乳癌分别于术后２年、２．５年和４年因出现广泛转移而死亡：１例副乳腺癌术后２年出现局部复发而曹次手术,仍生存良好（已存活３年）;其余各例随访中恢复满意。结论：副乳腺可发生各种乳房良、恶性肿瘤的可能,其临床表现均与乳腺原发同名肿瘤相似,手术治疗是其首选治疗方法。良性副乳腺肿瘤应行包括全部副乳腺组织在内的局部切除术,而副乳癌的治疗则以根治性切除为主。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后全乳IMRT及瘤床大分割同期加量的临床Ⅱ期研究

目的 早期乳腺癌保乳术后全乳IMRT及瘤床大分割同期加量的临床Ⅱ期研究。方法
2010—2013年本中心前瞻性收治200例早期乳腺癌保乳术患者,采用IMRT全乳45 Gy分25次同期瘤床加量0.6 Gy/次总量60 Gy5周完成方案。Logistic 回归分析用于检验发生2级放射性皮肤反应的预测因素。     

早期乳腺癌保乳手术近期疗效评价

目的 分析临床早期乳腺癌保乳综合治疗的近期疗效,为普及临床早期乳腺癌保乳综合治疗提供参考.方法 2002年9月至2006年1月对122例临床早期乳腺癌患者施行保乳手术,对肿瘤采取局部扩大切除或乳房象限切除,所有患者均行腋窝淋巴结清除;术后辅以放疗、化疗或内分泌治疗.结果 122例患者均获随访,随访时间8～49个月,无局部复发、远处转移和死亡病例.保乳治疗乳房美容效果评估优、良者占90.16%(110/122).结论 临床早期乳腺癌保乳综合治疗创伤小、美容效果良好、疗效满意,可显著提高患者生活质量,值得广泛推广应用,但必须严格掌握手术适应证.     

肿瘤整形保留乳房手术在乳腺癌外科治疗中的临床应用

目前保留乳房(简称保乳)手术后乳房外形的改变已成为目前肿瘤外科医师关注的焦点。常规保乳手术因受到乳房肿瘤较大或位置特殊等因素的影响,保乳切缘安全性和术后乳房外观往往难以兼顾,术后容易出现乳房畸形。肿瘤整形保乳手术将肿瘤切除与整形技术相结合,在扩大肿瘤切除范围和保证切缘安全的同时,兼顾美学效果,增加特殊部位肿瘤患者的保乳机会,扩大保乳手术的适应证,为广大患者提供了更为人性化的治疗选择;同时,极大地提升了患者术后的生活质量并改善患者术后心理状态。笔者针对肿瘤整形保乳手术的适应人群、安全性及手术操作等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

保乳术中对美学效果影响因素的分析

目的：研究乳腺癌保乳术（BCS）乳房形态效果（MCR）的潜在影响因素（PIF），探讨改进BCS术式的设计和操作，消减PIF的作用，优化保乳的效果。方法：回顾性研究BCS病例68例。对肿瘤位置、切口状况、切除的组织量进行分析。另将BCS术后乳房的瘢痕状况、术区皮肤的活动度和凹陷程度以及皮肤性状、乳头移位程度作为MCR。均依据一定标准分级，应用统计软件SPSS11．5进行秩和检验等级相关分析，找到与各项MCR相关的PIF。结果：PIF与MCR中显著相关的有：肿瘤象限位置与术区皮肤性状相关；肿瘤距乳头的距离与乳头移位程度、乳房凹陷程度、皮肤性状的变化程度相关；切除皮肤的宽度与皮肤活动受限程度、乳头移位程度、皮肤表面瘢痕的宽度相关；切口的长度与皮肤活动受限程度、瘢痕密度相关；切除的相对组织量与皮肤活动受限程度、乳房凹陷程度相关；切除的绝对组织量与乳房凹陷程度、瘢痕密度、瘢痕体积相关。结论：每个MCR存在着不同的PIF，这种相关性说明PIF是与之相关的MCR的影响因素，改善PIF可优化相应的MCR。     

乳腺癌保乳治疗176例回顾性分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌保乳治疗的近期疗效及美容效果.方法 回顾性分析1996～2007年间176例接受保乳治疗的临床0～Iia期、非乳晕区单发病灶乳腺癌患者的复发、转移和生存情况及乳房外观的评价.全部病例均采用肿瘤局部扩大切除,切缘阴性为保乳治疗的前提;全组均予全乳放疗50Gy加瘤床照射10Gy;浸润性乳腺癌者予辅助化疗;雌孕激素受体阳性者予内分泌治疗.结果 随访时间18～162个月,中位随访47.4个月.同侧乳房肿瘤复发7例(3.97%),远处转移8例(4.55%),死亡3例(1.70%),均死于乳腺癌全身转移.乳房外观评价优良、一般和较差分别为106例(62.7%)、61例( 36.1%) 和2 例(1.2%).其中138例随访满3年,3年总生存率99.28%(137/138),3年无病生存率94.20%(130/138).结论 保乳治疗用于0～Iia 期乳腺癌是可行的,严格规范治疗是保乳治疗成功的保证.     

放射治疗在早期乳腺癌保乳术中的价值

目的：进一步证实放射治疗在早期乳腺癌保乳术中的重要性。方法：1994年12月～2001年12月本院共收治237例早期乳腺癌。其中83例做保乳手术。154例做改良根治术。保乳术后全部患者接受放疗。放疗的范围根据肿块的大小、部位、腋淋巴结是否受累而定。胸壁切线剂量予8MV—X线5000cGy。肿瘤瘤床加电子线1500cGy。改良根治术后仅3例作放疗。结果：保乳组和改良组局部复发各1人。保乳组区域淋巴结复发1例。改良组无区域淋巴结复发，有肝转移、肺转移各1人。两组各死亡1人。保乳组五年生存率96．49％，改良组98．61％。保乳组双侧乳房外形基本一致，柔软，有弹性。结论：早期乳腺癌保乳术加放射治疗，效果与改良根治术相似，并伴良好美容效果。     

Predictive factors for local recurrence in 2006 patients with surgically resected small breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Analyses of predictive factors for local recurrences are important, as an increasing number of patients with early breast cancer opt for a breast-conserving procedure. This study investigates whether factors predictive of local recurrence differ between patients treated with conservative or radical surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two thousands and six patients with invasive breast carcinoma (< or =25 mm) were included. Of these patients, 717 were treated conservatively (lumpectomy and breast irradiation) and 1289 were treated with total mastectomy. All patients had axillary dissection and received lymph node irradiation if axillary nodes were positive. Most patients did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy or additive hormonal treatments. The mean duration of follow-up was 20 years. The main end point was the total local recurrence rate. The risk factors of local recurrence were estimated by multivariate analyses and interaction tests were used for intergroup comparisons. RESULTS: Statistically significant predictive factors for mastectomized patients were histological grade, extensive axillary node involvement (10 nodes or more), and inner quadrant tumors, which were of borderline significance. Young age, however, was not a prognostic indicator for local recurrence. The main statistically significant factor for patients treated with a conservative approach was young age (< or =40 years). These younger patients had a five-fold increased risk of developing a breast recurrence compared with patients older than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Younger patients with early breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery should in particular be followed up at regular intervals so that any sign of local failure can be diagnosed early.     

Late local recurrences in a randomised trial comparing conservative treatment with total mastectomy in early breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: A randomised trial was conducted comparing wide lumpectomy and breast irradiation with modified radical mastectomy. As the follow-up was long (mean duration 22 years), we analysed the variation in the effect of treatment over time. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The trial included 179 patients with a breast cancer measuring 相似文献   

乳腺癌改良根治术术后放疗的疗效及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治术术后放疗的疗效及预后影响因素。方法收集200例乳腺癌改良根治术及术后放疗患者的临床资料,随访3年,统计患者的生存情况、复发情况和远处转移情况,影响乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗患者预后因素采用单因素和Cox风险比例回归模型分析。结果随访3年,200例患者局部复发或远处转移58例,无病生存142例,无病生存率为71.00%(142/200);病死19例,生存181例,总生存率为90.50%(181/200)。不同临床分期、术后化疗情况、病理类型、绝经情况乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗患者无病生存率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。不同术后化疗情况乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗患者总生存率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。Cox风险比例回归分析结果显示,浸润性导管癌、术后未化疗是乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗患者无病生存的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05),术后未化疗是乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗患者总生存的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05)。结论乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗的疗效显著,浸润性导管癌患者及术后未接受化疗的患者更易发生复发转移。     

早期乳腺癌患者行改良根治手术与保乳术的疗效观察

目的分析早期乳腺癌患者分别进行改良根治手术和保乳手术的临床效果。方法 105例早期乳腺癌患者,在知情同意下,按患者及其家属意愿分为保乳组(53例)和改良根治组(52例)。保乳组采用保乳手术治疗,改良根治组采用改良根治手术。结果两组患者2年生存率和复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);保乳组生存质量评分均明显高于改良根治组,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论保乳手术与改良根治手术对患者的生存率、复发率差异无统计学意义,但是保乳手术大大提高了患者的生存质量。     

Outcome of treatment for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence in early-stage breast cancer

Introduction: The aims of the study were to assess the outcome among patients with early breast cancer operated on with wide local excision who developed a subsequent ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, and to identify risk factors for uncontrolled local disease. Uncontrolled local disease (ULD) was defined as the appearance of clinically manifest invasive adenocarcinoma in the remaining breast or on the ipsilateral chest wall which could not be eradicated with salvage treatment during the period of follow-up (2–18 years). Patients and methods: Eighty-five patients in a cohort of 759 patients, treated for invasive Stage I–II breast cancer with breast-conserving surgery 1976–1985 in Stockholm, with a subsequent ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) were reviewed retrospectively. The majority of the patients were premenopausal (58%), node negative (72%), and had received postoperative radiotherapy (79%). Median follow-up time following breast-conserving surgery was 13 (9–19) years. Multivariate Cox's hazard regression was used in the statistical analysis to identify prognostic factors for ULD. Results: The majority (n = 61) of the IBTR's were located in the original tumor quadrant and showed the same histopathological features as the primary tumor. Salvage mastectomy (n = 65) or reexcision (n = 14) were performed in 79 (93%) of the patients. Twenty-one patients developed ULD. Five years following the diagnosis of IBTR the disease-free survival was 59%, the cumulative incidence for ULD was 24%, and for death in breast cancer 34%. In the cohort of 759 patients, patients who received radiotherapy following the primary breast-conserving surgery had 1% cumulative incidence of ULD following the diagnosis of IBTR compared to 4% among patients that received no postoperative radiotherapy. The cumulative incidence at 5 years of ULD following salvage mastectomy was 12% compared to 33% after salvage reexcision. Patients operated on with breast-conserving surgery with an original tumor size < 15 mm, who were treated with salvage mastectomy for IBTR, had in multivariate analysis the lowest relative risk for ULD. Adjuvant chemotherapy following IBTR treatment did not seem to improve local tumor control. Following the diagnosis of IBTR, 78% (n = 21) of the patients with ULD and/or regional recurrence (n = 27), died of a disseminated breast cancer in contrast to 10% (n = 6) among the remaining 58 patients. Conclusion: Uncontrolled local disease is an important outcome measure following breast-conserving surgery. In this cohort, salvage mastectomy provided a superior local control rate compared to salvage reexcision. A higher although not statistically significant rate of ULD was also seen in patients who had not received postoperative radiotherapy as part of their primary treatment.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Postmastectomy locally recurrent breast cancer

With the popularity of breast-conserving treatment plans, the natural history of "breast recurrence" in the ipsilateral breast must be distinguished from local recurrence following modified radical mastectomy. Hence, this study considers those patients who develop skin or chest wall recurrence after modified radical mastectomy, whether as a primary procedure or for patients with "breast recurrence" after partial mastectomy. The incidence of postmastectomy locally recurrent breast cancer following modified radical mastectomy (MRM) and adjuvant immunotherapy (IT) is compared to historical controls. The risk factors and treatment of local recurrence in this program as well as in a larger group of patients who recurred after modified radical mastectomy are reported.     

乳腺癌保乳手术的疗效及生活质量的评估

目的探讨乳腺癌保乳手术的疗效及其生存质量。方法选取180例早期乳腺癌患者,其中56例患者行保乳手术,63例患者行标准根治手术,61例患者行改良根治术。结果保乳手术组具有住院时间较少、手术时间较短、术中出血少等优势,与根治术组(标准根治术组+改良根治术组)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者的生存率、远处转移率、术后复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),保乳手术组患者的心理因子、躯体因子、精神因子和社会支持因子4个方面均显著高于标准根治术组和改良根治术组患者(P<0.05);保乳手术组、标准根治术组及改良根治术组患者术后乳房外观及美容效果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果早期乳腺癌患者保乳手术的近期疗效较满意,严格掌握相关手术指征、规范切除和术后放化疗等综合治疗措施是保乳手术成功的关键。     

Differences in risk factors for local and distant recurrence after breast-conserving therapy or mastectomy for stage I and II breast cancer: pooled results of two large European randomized trials.

PURPOSE: Risk factors for local and distant recurrence after breast-conserving therapy and mastectomy were compared to define guidelines for the decision making between both treatments. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data of two randomized clinical trials for stage I and II breast cancer patients were pooled. The total number of patients in the study was 1,772, of whom 879 underwent breast conservation, and 893, modified radical mastectomy. Representative slides of the primary tumor were available for histopathologic review in 1,610 cases (91%). RESULTS: There were 79 patients with local recurrence after breast-conservation and 80 after mastectomy, the 10-year rates being 10% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8% to 13%) and 9% (95% CI, 7% to 12%), respectively. Age no more than 35 years (compared with age >60: hazard ratio [HR], 9.24; 95% CI, 3.74 to 22.81) and an extensive intraductal component (HR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.26 to 5.00) were significantly associated with an increased risk of local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy. Vascular invasion was predictive of the risk of local recurrence, irrespective of the type of primary treatment (P <.01). Tumor size, nodal status, high histologic grade, and vascular invasion were all highly significant predictors of distant disease after breast-conserving therapy and mastectomy (P <.01). Age no more than 35 years and microscopic involvement of the excision margin were additional independent predictors of distant disease after breast-conserving therapy (P <.01). CONCLUSION: Age no more than 35 years and the presence of an extensive intraductal component are associated with an increased risk of local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy. Vascular invasion causes a higher risk of local recurrence after mastectomy as well as after breast-conserving therapy and should therefore not be used for deciding between the two treatments.     

中人氟安植入剂在乳腺癌手术中的应用

目的探讨间质化疗植入剂中人氟安在乳腺癌手术中的应用。方法对212例乳腺癌患者应用中人氟安植入剂作为间质化疗,其中保乳患者174例,改良根治术患者38例。结果随访3至95个月,保乳手术后局部复发2例,局部复发率为1.1%(2/174);乳腺癌根治术后局部复发1例,局部复发率为2.6%(1/38)。6例(2.8%)患者出现植入区域皮肤红肿,多在7～10d内红肿消退;伤口感染、药物颗粒溢出1例(0.5%),经换药清理后二期缝合,伤口愈合。结论中人氟安植入剂作为间质化疗用以处理可能残存的肿瘤细胞,对预防复发具有一定作用。临床应用中,应注意该药物的剂量和植入方法。