X刀加全脑常规放疗治疗脑转移瘤

1997年3月－1999年12月利用JX－100X刀系统加全脑放疗共治疗40例脑转移瘤患者。20例先行全脑常规放疗35－40Gy，而后行X刀治疗；11例X刀治疗后，再加全脑放疗。X刀治疗采用单次或分次照射，其中单次照射28例，处方剂量16－22Gy，平均19．2Gy，分次照射12例，分割2－3次，处方剂量6－12Gy／次，每周1次，总剂量达20－30Gy，平均25．4Gy。全组40例均获3－26个月的随访，中位12个月。40例患者生存期为2－26个月，中位11．5个月，其中36例生存期超过6个月，占90％，27例超过12个月，占67．5％。2例超过26个月，4例在治疗后2－5个月内死亡；治疗后6个月CT或MRI复查，32例病灶明显缩小或消失，占80％。3例出现新的转移灶，占7．5％。4例无明显变化占10％。4例死亡。在随访期间，有26例死亡。死亡病例中，脑部肿瘤复发或出现新病灶者仅5例，其余病例均因有其他脏器转移或原发肿瘤进展合并脏器衰竭而死亡。结果提示，X刀与常规放疗相结合治疗脑转移瘤优于单纯常规放疗。     

肺癌脑转移的治疗及预后分析

为探讨提高肺癌脑转移疗效的方法及影响预后的因素 ,1995年 5月 -2 0 0 0年 5月收治的 64例肺癌脑转移患者行手术加放疗、放疗加化疗和单纯放疗。放疗采用6 0 Coγ线或 6MV X线全脑照射 ,多发灶全脑照射 40～ 5 0Gy 4～ 5周 ,2Gy 次 ,5次 周 ;单发灶全脑照射 40Gy后局部野增加 10～ 2 0Gy。化疗采用威猛 (Vm 2 6) 10 0mg ,静脉滴入d1 ～d3;顺铂 (DDP) 5 0mg ,d1 ～d3;CCNU 12 0mg ,口服 ,d1 或CAP(环磷酰胺、多柔比星、顺铂 ) +CCNU方案 ,3～ 4周重复。手术加放疗的中位生存期和 1年生存率分别为 13个月和 71 4% ,明显放疗加化疗的 8个月和 40 % ,而放疗加化疗又明显高于单纯放疗的 5个月和 15 6% ,三者比较差异有显著意义 ,P <0 0 1。手术加放疗和放疗加化疗的综合治疗对肺癌脑转移有较好的疗效     

立体定向放射治疗肺癌脑转移疗效分析

目的探讨不同放射治疗方法对肺癌脑转移的疗效.方法176例由病理学证实的肺癌脑转移患者分为4组:单纯全脑放疗(WBRT)组、全脑放疗加立体定向放射外科(WBRT SRS)组、单纯立体定向放射治疗(SRT)组、全脑放疗加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT SRT)组.SRS治疗单次靶区平均周边剂量8～20Gy,总剂量20～32Gy;SRT治疗单次靶区平均周边剂量2～5Gy,总剂量25～60Gy;WBRT1.8～2Gy/次,总剂量30～40Gy.结果四组的局部控制率分别为47.0%、87.7%、86.5%和78.0%;中位生存期分别为5.0,11.0,11.5和10.0个月;局部无进展生存期分别为3.33,8.33,9.33和7.67个月;颅脑无新病灶生存期分别为4.11,8.57,9.03和6.12个月.在死因分析中,WBRT组死于脑转移的比率为57.6%,较其他三组高.而WBRT SRS组的晚期放射反应的发生率为12.2%,较其他组高.结论肺癌单发脑转移瘤患者的最佳治疗方式是单纯立体定向放射治疗,治疗失败后再行挽救性全脑照射或立体定向放疗.对于多发脑转移,全脑放疗加立体定向放射治疗(WBRT SRT)在提高生存率以及减少并发症方面优于其他治疗方法.     

X-刀治疗原发性肺癌并脑转移11例报告

对 11例肺癌脑转移患者进行X 刀治疗 ,脑转移瘤和原发灶的最大径分别为 ( 2 7± 1 7)cm和 ( 3 8± 1 2 )cm ,平均照射剂量分别为 ( 2 2± 6)Gy和 ( 65± 8)Gy。X 刀治疗 1年后局部肿瘤控制率分别为 84 7% ( 11 13)和 91% ( 10 11) ,1年后因神经系统疾患死亡 4例 ,占本组患者 36%。初步研究结果提示 ,X 刀是一种微侵袭和安全的治疗方法 ,对于肺癌并发脑转移瘤的治疗是有效的     

X线立体定向放射治疗脑恶性胶质细胞瘤的研究

目的　探讨X线立体定向放射治疗在脑恶性胶质细胞瘤 (BMG)治疗中的作用。方法　 1996年 10月～ 1998年 10月 ,112例CT或MRI证实术后病灶残瘤的BMG随机分为单纯常规放射治疗组 (单放组 )和常规放射治疗 +X线立体定向放射治疗 (立体定向放疗组 )。单放组 5 8例 ,男 40例 ,女 18例 ,年龄 16～ 76岁 (中位 40 .5岁 ) ,KPS6 0～ 70者 12例 ,>70者 46例 ;放疗前增强CT或MRI显示 ,肿瘤体积 1.0 0cm3 ～ 2 14 .78cm3 ,中位体积 2 1.0 0cm3 ;常规剂量分割照射 ,5次 /周 ,1.8～ 2Gy/次 ,总剂量 46 .2 0～ 6 5 .95Gy ,中位剂量 5 7.81Gy。立体定向放疗组共 5 4例 ,男 39例 ,女 15例 ,年龄 16～ 78岁 (中位年龄 44.5岁 ) ;KPS6 0～ 70者 8例 ,>70者 76例 ;肿瘤体积 1.76cm3 ～ 132 .0 0cm3 ,中位体积 2 2 .32cm3 ;先行常规照射 ,其照射野设计及其剂量分割与单放组相同 ,总剂量 45 .80～ 6 2 .45Gy ,中位剂量 5 5 .2 6Gy ;于常规放疗结束后 1周行立体定向放疗 ,采用非共面弧形旋转照射 ,PTV边缘剂量 8Gy～ 5 0Gy( 6 0 %～ 90 %等剂量曲线 ) ,中位 2 7.75Gy ;单次治疗 2 2例 ,分两次治疗者 2 8例 ,三次分割治疗者 6例 ,分次治疗的时间间隔为 1周 ;单次剂量 8Gy～ 5 0Gy ,中位单次剂量 15Gy。结果　治疗结束后 3个月CT     

非小细胞肺癌脑转移的放射治疗--附32例报告

收集 1995年 6月～ 2 0 0 2年 6月非小细胞肺癌 (non smallcelllungcancer ,NSCLC)脑转移住院患者 3 2例 ,采用放疗或放疗加化疗等综合性治疗 (颅内转移病灶采用全颅二侧野对穿照射 ,中线剂量 :3 0～ 40Gy/15～ 2 0次 ,后缩野追加肿瘤量 16～ 2 0Gy/8～ 10次 ,同时给EP、NP等方案化疗的综合方法治疗 )观察其疗效。初步研究结果提示 ,所有患者在顺利完成治疗后 ,平均存活期达 7个月。肺癌脑转移采用放疗、化疗的综合治疗 ,可延长生存时间 ,提高生存质量     

放射治疗肺癌脑转移临床疗效观察

目的探讨不同放射治疗方法对肺癌脑转移的疗效.方法对65例肺癌脑转移患者进行放射治疗,分为全脑放疗(WBRT)组、三维适形放射治疗(3D-CRT)组和全脑放疗加三维适形放射治疗(WBRT+3D-CRT)组.WBRT组2～3 Gy/次,总剂量30～40 Gy/3～4周;3D-CRT组治疗单次靶区周边剂量3～8 Gy,总剂量40～60 Gy;WBRT+3D-CRT组,WBRT 2～3 Gy/次,总剂量30～40 Gy/3～4周,之后3D-CRT治疗单次靶区周边剂量3～8 Gy,总剂量16～32 Gy.结果三组病例局部控制率分别为42.3%、84.3%和85.0%,中位生存期分别为5,11,12.5个月.在死亡原因中,WBRT组死于脑转移比率为53.8%,较后两组高.结论对于肺癌脑转移,全脑放疗加三维适形放射治疗(WBRT+3D-CRT)组及单纯三维适形放射治疗(3D-CRT)组在肿瘤局部控制率及生存率方面均优于全脑放疗(WBRT)组.     

X射线立体定向放射治疗多发脑转移瘤的价值

目的　探讨X射线立体定向放射治疗多发脑转移瘤的疗效。方法　在 4种预后因素(年龄、治疗前卡氏评分、有无其他部位转移及转移灶数目 )相同或相似的条件下 ,配对选择两组病例。X射线立体定向放射治疗加常规放射治疗组 (研究组 )和常规放射治疗组 (对照组 )各 53例。在研究组中 ,X射线立体定向放射治疗采用单次照射 40例 ,分次照射 1 3例 ;单次靶区平均周边剂量为 2 0Gy,分次照射剂量为 4～ 1 2Gy/次 ,2次 /周 ,总剂量为 1 5～ 30Gy。X射线立体定向放射治疗结束后即开始全脑放射治疗。对照组采用全脑照射 30～ 40Gy,3～ 4周。结果　研究组和对照组中位生存期分别为1 1 .6、6 .7个月 (P <0 .0 5) ;1年生存率分别为 44 .3 %、1 7.1 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ;1年局部控制率分别为50 .9%、1 3 .2 % (P <0 .0 5) ;治疗后 1个月卡氏评分增加者分别占 69.8%、30 .2 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ;治疗后 3个月影像学上的有效率分别为 82 .0 %、55 .0 % (P <0 .0 1 )。在死因分析中 ,研究组死于脑转移的占2 3 .3 % ,比对照组的 51 .0 %低 (P <0 .0 5)。两组病例放射并发症的发生率相似。结论　对于多发脑转移瘤 ,X射线立体定向放射治疗加常规放射疗在提高局部控制率、延长生存期和提高生存质量方面均优于单纯放射治疗。     

全脑联合三维适形放射治疗30例单病灶脑转移癌的疗效分析

背景与目的:全脑放疗是治疗脑转移癌的主要治疗手段。本文总结全脑联合三维适形放射治疗单病灶脑转移癌的疗效。方法:30例恶性肿瘤单病灶脑转移癌,全脑放疗DT39～45Gy后,以三维适形放疗追加转移病灶DT10～16Gy,常规分割1次/d,5次/w,总剂量DT55Gy。结果:6例CR,21例PR,3例NC,6个月、1年和2年生存率分别为73.3%(22/30)、40%(12/30)、13.3%(4/30),平均生存时间11.9个月。结论:全脑联合三维适形放射治疗单病灶脑转移癌,可以缓解颅脑神经症状,改善生活质量,延长生存期。     

脑原发淋巴瘤8例综合治疗分析

目的分析脑原发淋巴瘤的临床特点,探讨其治疗方式。方法8例脑原发淋巴瘤中7例行手术切除,1例行立体定向活检。8例均行放射治疗,1例接受γ刀治疗,7例6MV X线常规分割照射,全脑照射30～46 Gy,病灶区剂量40～56 Gy。6例接受了化疗,行CHOP方案4例,大剂量甲氨蝶呤(MTX)为主的化疗2例,鞘注MTX 3例。结果患者近期疗效好,全组生存时间为8～47个月,中位生存期19个月。1、3年生存率分别为75.0%和31.3%。加化疗未延长生存期,予MTX化疗者生存时间较长。结论脑原发淋巴瘤预后差,全脑放疗为主要治疗方式之一,放疗与MTX为主的化疗方案的综合治疗有可能提高疗效。     

Brain tumors

Brain tumors generally arise as the culmination of a multistep process that involves a variety of genetic abnormalities. Theoretically, replacement of abnormal genes with normal genes is essential to brain tumor treatment. However, it is very difficult to replace all damaged genes. Currently, most clinical protocols for gene therapy in brain tumors include transfer of a gene which can induce tumor cells to die or which can enhance the environment to generate a systemic immune response against the tumor. The former strategy includes suicide gene therapies, tumor suppressor gene therapy and oncolytic virus therapy. The latter adopts immunogene therapy. In this report, we also focus on other gene therapies, such as therapies to control the cell cycle or apoptosis, and promote antiangiogenesis. Gene therapy is generally accepted to be rather safe in recent years. In fact, the current single-gene therapies for brain tumor are limited and probably restricted to a few tumors. Several agents with different mechanisms of action would be necessary to kill heterogenously mixed tumor cells. Further molecular techniques and basic studies may overcome the malignancy of cancers.     

Brain metastases

Opinion statement Brain metastases are an increasingly common complication in patients with systemic cancer. The optimal treatment for each patient depends on careful evaluation of several factors: the location, size, and number of brain metastases; the patient's age, general condition, and neurologic status; and the extent of systemic cancer to name a few. For patients with a single brain metastasis and limited systemic disease, the standard treatment is surgical resection followed by whole brain radiation therapy. In patients with a small, single metastasis, stereotactic radiosurgery is probably comparable to surgery. Patients with several metastases (up to three) and controlled systemic disease can be treated with whole-brain radiation and stereotactic radiosurgery. Patients with multiple metastases (more than three) are generally treated with whole-brain radiation alone. Radiosurgery is effective in treating patients with a limited number of recurrent brain metastases and stable systemic diseases. Surgery may have a role in patients with a large symptomatic recurrent lesion producing mass effect. Reirradiation and chemotherapy may have a limited role in patients with multiple recurrent metastases.     

Brain metastases

The topic of brain metastases has recently become a popular subject for review. The reasons for this most likely include technical advances in therapy, notably radiosurgery, as well as recently-published reports of phase III studies, which have addressed certain aspects of management, notably the combination of surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with a single metastasis. The main purpose of treatment is to reverse the patient's neurological deficits and prolong life. Nevertheless, opinions remain divided on whether meaningful clinical progress has been achieved overall. A clinician working in a tertiary referral center offering radiosurgery for a selected group of favorable patients may believe that the therapeutic nihilism of the past is no longer warranted, whereas another, whose experience is based on the management of patients dying from metastatic lung cancer, may still question the value of active treatment. The purpose of this review will be to try to reconcile these opinions by providing a critical analysis of the available evidence, identify current problems in management, and suggest future directions for clinical investigation.     

Brain metastases

Opinion statement Metastatic tumors to the brain are an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic cancers. Many new therapies used to treat systemic cancers do not penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) and do not protect patients from the development of brain metastases. Surgery, radiosurgery, and radiation therapy are all used to treat brain metastases. It is in our opinion a mistake to use only one or two of these modalities to the exclusion of other(s). The role of systemic chemotherapy is still limited, due to both the issues of drug delivery caused by the blood brain barrier and to the relative resistance of many of these tumors to chemotherapy. Traditionally, brain metastases have been grouped together regardless of the origin of the tumor and have been treated with a single algorithm. As we encounter more patients for whom treatment of the brain metastases is an important determinant of survival, we must tailor our treatment strategies to individual tumor types. Also, we must recognize differences in each tumor’s sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and differences in their biology.     

脑瘤的组胺研究及其临床意义

报告36份脑瘤组织的组胺测定结果,其中包括低恶度及高恶度星形细胞瘤22份,不同亚型脑膜瘤14份;并以10份正常脑组织为对照.结果发现脑瘤组织的组胺含量显著增高,其增高水平与肿瘤的恶性程度明显相关;故认为脑瘤组织的组胺可以作为评估肿瘤恶性程度的生化标志物,而且也为今后进一步研究H_2受体阻断剂治疗脑瘤提供线索及实验依据.     

Primary Brain Lymphoma

The broad spectrum of C.T. findings in a group of 15 patients with primary brain lymphoma are reviewed. An attempt has been made to emphasize the more typical lesion characteristics, including location, definition, multiplicity and attenuation, both prior to and following contrast administration. Clinical presentation, changing C.T. appearances following radiotherapy and ultimate prognosis are briefly described. Differential diagnoses and their significance for management are discussed.     

放射性脑损伤

放射性脑损伤是放射治疗的严重并发症之一。综述了放射性脑损伤的研究进展 ,分析了放射性脑损伤产生的原因、临床表现、影像学表现及治疗进展。