中医护理学科人才培养的实践与思考

目的 探索中医护理学科的人才培养模式与方法.方法 以培养目标、选拔条件、培养使用等人才发展战略实施中医护理人才培养计划,对管理型、专科型、教学型、研究型等学科人才采取多形式、分层级等培养方式.结果 护理队伍的整体素质和学科人才结构均有明显进步,近五年发表论文410篇,获得科研成果3项、专利19项,开展中医特色护理技术24项等.结论 护理人才培养是护理学科建设与发展的关键和重要条件,中医护理人才培养成果与学科建设成效是相辅相成的.     

护士人才库的建立对提高护理人才管理的探讨

目的:探讨护士人才库的建立对提高护理人才管理的作用。方法:将2009年1月～2011年12月报名人才库的156名护士抽取132人,分成2组,其中入库的66名护士为观察组,没有入库的66名护士为对照组,分析、对比两组护士在人才库中和人才库外综合素质、护理质量、管理能力等方面培养效果的研究。结果:通过人才库的建立和其相应的竞争机制,观察组在护士在个人素质和护理管理综合能力等方面明显高于对照组。结论:护士人才库的建立对护士个人知识技能的提高和护理队伍的整体素质的提升有着直接的推动作用。     

护理专业工学结合培养方案的构建与实施

目的制定新的护理人才培养方案,提高学生的职业能力,使培养的人才更加符合社会岗位需求。方法对106名2005级护理学生采用"教、学、做"一体化项目课程、实施工学结合培养方案。结果临床教师对2005级学生临床适应能力、解决问题能力及沟通能力的评价显著优于2004级学生(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论工学结合的护理人才培养方案,突出了教学过程的实践性、开放性和职业性,使培养的人才更加符合岗位需求。     

建立护士长后备人才库的实践及效果

目的构建护士长后备人才库,引入竞争机制,提高护士长队伍整体素质。方法 2010年开始实行护士长后备人才库建设。采取公布选拔方案、自愿报名和资格审核的形式选取合格者入护士长后备人才库;需增加护士长时从护士长后备人才库选取。结果有2批共156人参加选拔,入人才库34人,聘任护士长27人,跨专科任职11人。结论建立护士长后备人才库有利于公平公正公开选拔护士长,有利于激发全体护士进取心和工作热情。     

本科急危重症护理人才培养模式研究

目的培养本科急危重症护理人才,适应我国对急诊、重症监护专科护理人才的迫切需求。方法探索"2+2"本科急危重症护理人才培养方法,采取2年通科教育+2年急危重症护理特色培养,依据岗位需求,在课程设置、教材编制、师资队伍等方面,突出专科护理特色培养。结果近3年,急危重症护理毕业生每年初次就业率均为93.33%。截至2015年12月,急危重症护理毕业生有62名在医院工作,其中32名从事急危重症护理工作。结论在学校开展本科急危重症护理人才培养,能提高护生急危重症护理综合素质,符合我国社会对专科护士需求和发展方向,为急危重症护理队伍提前储备人才。     

新疆地区不同等级医院对“订单式”护理人才培养模式需求的研究

目的了解新疆地区不同等级医院对订单式护理人才培养模式的需求,为建立新疆地区"订单式"护理人才培养模式提供参考。方法分层随机抽取南北疆一级、二级、三级医院各40所,采用自编问卷对其进行调查,通过邮局和网络发放并回收问卷。结果新疆地区不同等级医院愿意参与订单式护理人才培养模式者占75.83%,三级医院参与订单式护理人才培养模式的意愿最高(P0.01)。一、二、三级医院愿意参与订单式护理人才培养模式的首要原因分别是符合当地居民健康需求、符合医院发展特色、符合医院专科护理人才匮乏的需求,对订单的首位岗位需求分别是全科护士、助产士及重症监护护士。结论不同等级医院对订单式护理人才培养的需求不同,参与培养的原因及需求的岗位均不同。订单式培养模式能够根据不同等级医院的发展定位培养护理人才,是提高护理人员整体水平的新途径。     

我院护理队伍的建设与管理

我院护理队伍的建设与管理湖北中医学院附属医院傅云霞，安继梅我院护理部按照三级甲等中医医院标准对全院的护理工作实行目标管理，并对护理队伍的建设大胆探索，从护士长的选拔与使用、中医护理特色的突出、临床护理教学及自动化系统应用等方面着重培养护理人才，逐步建...     

中等职业卫生学校社区护理专业课程的构建与实施

目的 探索中等职业卫生学校构建社区护理专业课程体系的可行性和必要性,培养面向社区的护理人才,促进社区护理事业的发展.方法 根据社区护理人才需求及护理人员素质现状,调整现有的护理专业课程结构,构建社区护理专业课程体系并实施教学.结果 社区护理专业学生的理论成绩及实习成绩均＞70分,2002级、2003级毕业后总就业率显著高于临床护理专业学生(均P＜0.05).不同专业就业学生的就业去向存在显著性差异(均P＜0.01),社区护理专业学生就业于社区医疗机构的比例远远高于临床护理专业学生.结论 按照社区护理课程体系培养的学生能够较好地适应社区护理岗位的需求;中等职业卫生学校应开发社区护理人才培养的课程体系,培养大量社区护理人才,以满足社会发展的需要.     

黑龙江省18所医院临床护理教学管理现状调查分析

目的了解黑龙江省三级甲等医院临床护理教学管理现状。方法采用问卷调查法对18所三级甲等医院的护理教学负责人实施调查。结果临床护理教学管理中制度建设评分为(4.44±0.90)分、组织建设为(4.33±0.89)分、全院性带教活动为(4.25±0.88)分、教师培训与选拔为(3.29±1.22)分、带教支持为(2.99±1.12)分。结论医院临床护理教学管理中,带教制度建设和组织建设较为健全和完善,教师准入和退出机制有待完善,培养力度不足,带教支持薄弱,不利于临床教学的健康发展。解决现有人力资源紧张状况,制定和实施临床护理教学管理标准,是解决临床护理教学管理问题的关键。     

中等职业卫生学校社区护理专业课程的构建与实施

目的探索中等职业卫生学校构建社区护理专业课程体系的可行性和必要性，培养面向社区的护理人才，促进社区护理事业的发展。方法根据社区护理人才需求及护理人员素质现状，调整现有的护理专业课程结构，构建社区护理专业课程体系并实施教学。结果社区护理专业学生的理论成绩及实习成绩均〉70分，2002级、2003级毕业后总就业率显著高于临床护理专业学生（均P〈0.05）。不同专业就业学生的就业去向存在显著性差异（均P〈0．01），社区护理专业学生就业于社区医疗机构的比例远远高于临床护理专业学生。结论按照社区护理课程体系培养的学生能够较好地适应社区护理岗位的需求；中等职业卫生学校应开发社区护理人才培养的课程体系，培养大量社区护理人才，以满足社会发展的需要。     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.