正常青年男性牙弓、牙槽弓形态与软组织面型关系的研究

目的：了解牙弓、牙槽弓形态与软组织面型的关系,为正畸临床提供依据。方法：选择正常青年男性69例,取模并测量其牙弓、牙槽弓宽度、长度并与颅面软组织形态指标测量结果及面型比例进行统计学相关分析。结果：牙弓、牙槽弓宽度与面中宽（BF）W,牙槽弓宽度与面下宽（IG）W呈正相关;牙槽弓宽度及上颌前、中段牙弓宽度与下颌骨体长（CL）,牙槽弓长度、宽度及下颌牙弓前中段长度与下颌骨长（ML）呈正相关。上颌前段牙弓长度与前面高与面下宽度之比（AFH/IG）W呈正相关;上颌尖牙间牙槽弓宽度与前面高与面中宽度之比（AFH/BF）W呈负相关。结论：牙弓、牙槽弓形态与软组织面型密切相关,正畸治疗中应考虑牙弓、牙槽弓形态与软组织面型的协调。     

替牙期含牙囊肿内埋伏上颌中切牙开窗联合正畸牵引术对牙根发育的影响

目的探讨替牙期含牙囊肿内埋伏上颌中切牙开窗联合正畸牵引术对牙根发育的影响。方法选取2015-08-2018-08间郑州大学第一附属医院收治的15例单侧替牙期含牙囊肿内埋伏上颌中切牙作为治疗牙,均行开窗联合正畸牵引术。以同颌对侧15颗正常同名牙作为对照牙,观察治疗效果。结果本组牵引时间8~14个月,平均11个月。牵引治疗结束时,15例含牙囊肿内新骨生成,颌骨囊腔消失,囊内埋伏牙均牵引到位。治疗牙和对照牙的牙根长度变化量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。牵引结束后1 a,治疗牙牙周牙髓状况良好,囊肿无复发。牙根长度虽然与对照牙仍存在统计学差异(P<0.05),但较牵引前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对替牙期含牙囊肿内埋伏上颌中切牙患儿行开窗联合正畸牵引治疗,有利于牙根继续发育。     

牵引成骨术配合正畸治疗矫治成人骨性Angle Ⅱ类错(牙合)畸形

目的：探讨正畸治疗在骨牵引成骨术治疗成人骨性安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]的方法和特点。方法：总结分析近年来经骨牵引成骨术与正畸联合治疗的骨性安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]病例5例，着重讨论手术前后正畸治疗特点。结果：本研究5例患者经联合治疗后，颌骨关系正常，牙弓形态及曲线正常，牙排列整齐，咬合关系好，面型及功能均获明显改善，疗效满意。结论：骨牵引成骨术与正畸联合治疗是矫治成人骨性安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]的有效方法，合理的正畸治疗是成功的关键。     

固定矫治器在颌骨骨折复位恢复咬(牙合)关系时的作用

目的 探讨固定正畸技术治疗颌骨骨折手术复位时恢复正常咬牙合关系的作用. 方法 利用方丝弓矫治器作为牙弓夹板对颌骨外伤患者进行术中颌关系复位、术后颌关系调整,观察其疗效. 结果 方丝弓矫治器治疗后,牙及颌骨复位精确,咬牙合关系恢复佳,并发症少. 结论 固定矫治器对确定颌骨骨折手术时的咬牙合关系有良好的作用,技术安全可靠.     

上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙发生及牙根吸收的影响因素分析

评估上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙发生及牙根吸收的影响因素。方法 收集2019年3月-2021年3月于溧阳市人民医院就诊的1021例上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者临床资料进行回 顾性调查，查阅锥形束CT及X线图像。其中113例发现埋伏牙，按照是否出现牙根吸收分为牙根吸收组 （51例）和牙根未吸收组（62例）。调取资料，包括性别、初诊年龄、平均体质量指数、埋伏牙位置、 近远中分区、是否拔牙、正畸治疗时间、埋伏牙发生个数等。统计上述指标情况，分析正畸矫治后埋伏 牙牙根吸收的单因素和多因素。结果 1021例患者中埋伏牙113例（11.07%）；牙根吸收组平均年龄、2~4 区占比均低于牙根未吸收组（P ＜0.05）；牙根吸收组拔牙率、正畸治疗时间＞2年占比均高于牙根未吸 收组（P ＜0.05）；两组性别、平均体质量指数、埋伏牙位置、病变位置、埋伏牙发生个数比较，差异无 统计学意义（P ＞0.05）；Logistic结果显示，高龄、近远中分区（0~1区）、拔牙、正畸治疗时间＞2年均为 正畸矫治后埋伏牙牙根吸收的高危因素（P ＜0.05）。结论 上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙正畸矫治后埋伏牙牙 根吸收与年龄、近远中分区、拔牙、正畸治疗时间有关，对于高危因素患者，临床应给予重视，采用早期 干预措施，减少损伤。     

牙颌畸形伴有上颌中切牙异常的正畸与修复治疗

目的探讨牙颌畸形伴有上颌中切牙异常的正畸与修复治疗。方法选择患者26例，依据安氏分类和拔牙、非拔牙制定非正畸方案，正畸结束配合修复治疗。结果恢复了上颌中切牙，临床效果较佳。结论牙颌畸形伴有上颌中切牙异常，采用非常规正畸治疗，配合种植等修复治疗，恢复主要前牙，可以满足患者功能和美观要求。     

唇腭裂的牙槽突裂植骨修复术

牙槽突植骨术是唇腭裂序列治疗的一个组成部分,对于恢复上颌牙弓的完整性,保证上颌牙齿的正常萌出,促进上颌骨的垂直向生长及颌骨的稳定性,矫正患侧鼻底塌陷畸形及修复唇侧口鼻腔瘘均有重大意义。总结了保证手术成功的关键,并认为植骨术前后应接受正畸治疗。8～11岁 X 线片示尖牙根形成2/3为最佳手术时间。     

口腔正畸联合修复前治疗牙体缺损牙列缺损伴错畸形的临床效果

的 探讨口腔正畸联合种植修复治疗对于牙体缺损、牙列缺损伴错牙合畸形的修复效果。方法 选取2021年3月-2023年1月于西宁市口腔医院就诊的60例牙体缺损或（和）牙列缺损伴错牙合畸形患者，随 机分为单修组（n=30）和正畸+修复组（n=30）。单修组单纯开展牙体修复或（和）牙齿种植修复治疗， 正畸+修复组采取口腔正畸联合种植修复治疗，比较两组临床疗效、牙齿功能、口腔健康状态和并发症发生 情况。结果 正畸+修复组治疗总有效率为96.67%，高于单修组的66.67%（P＜0.05）；正畸+修复组治疗后口 腔清洁程度、咀嚼功能、咬合功能、发音功能评分高于单修组（P＜0.05）；正畸+修复组OHIP-14评分低于 单修组（P＜0.05）；正畸+修复组治疗后并发症发生率为16.67%，与单修组的13.33%比较，差异无统计学意 义（P＞0.05）。结论 修复前正畸治疗可有效改善患者错牙合畸形，配合后续修复治疗可解决牙体、牙列缺损 问题，可有效恢复正常牙齿功能，提升口腔健康水平，且未增加并发症风险，临床应用安全可靠。     

唇腭裂的牙槽突裂植骨修复术

牙槽突植骨术是唇腭裂序列治疗的一个组成部分，对于恢复上颌牙弓的完整性，保证上颌牙齿的正常萌出，促进上颌骨的垂直向生长及颌骨的稳定性，矫正患侧鼻底塌陷畸形及修复唇侧口鼻腔瘘均有重大意义。总结了保证手术成功的关键，并认为植骨术前后应接受正畸治疗。８～１１岁Ｘ线片示尖牙根形成２／３为最佳手术时间。     

骨性错(牙合)畸形外科手术前后的正畸治疗

目的 探讨骨性错(牙合)畸形外科手术前后正畸治疗方法,以指导临床.方法 对25例年龄为17～36岁的骨性错殆畸形患者先后进行术前正畸、手术治疗和术后正畸.术前正畸包括牙齿的排齐、牙弓的整平、扭转牙的矫正、牙弓的协调和去除前后牙代偿.术后正畸包括关闭剩余间隙、牙齿的精细调整,建立良好的(牙合)关系、理想的覆殆覆盖和牙根平衡.结果 25例骨性错(牙合)畸形,平均术前正畸治疗时间14.41个月(2-23个月),术后正畸治疗时间6.94个月(1.5～13.5个月),治疗完成平均21.35个月(7～35个月).上颌前突患者上颌后退平均5.00 mm,下颌后缩患者下颌前移平均7.25 mm,下颌前突患者下颌后退平均6.55 mm,颏部后缩患者颏前移平均5.33 mm.结论 术前术后正畸治疗是正颌外科手术矫治骨性错(牙合)畸形的重要步骤,也是取得良好矫治效果的基本要求.     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Effect of smoking and abstention on oxidative burst and reactivity of neutrophils and monocytes

BACKGROUND: Smoking is associated with surgical wound infections, impaired wound healing, and tissue-destructive disorders. The mechanisms are largely unknown, but changes in the function and activity of inflammatory cells may be involved. METHODS: Seventy healthy volunteers (54 smokers and 16 never smokers) were included. The smokers were studied while they smoked and after 20 days of abstinence. After the first 10 days of abstinence, they were randomized to double-blind treatment with transdermal nicotine patch 25 mg per day or placebo. Venous blood neutrophils and monocytes were sampled and isolated. In 22 randomly selected smokers and in all never smokers, the oxidative burst and chemotaxis were determined by a chemiluminescence response assay and a modified Boyden chamber technique, respectively. Stimulants were opsonized zymosan, formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, and zymosan-activated serum. RESULTS: The neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst was 50% and 68% lower, respectively, in smokers compared to never smokers (P < .05). Neutrophil chemotaxis was 93% higher in smokers (P < .05). Monocyte chemotaxis was lower in smokers compared to never smokers (P < .05). After 20 days of abstinence, neutrophil oxidative burst increased to the level of never smokers (P < .05); monocyte oxidative burst increased by 50% (P < .05). Chemotaxis was only marginally affected. The changes induced by abstinence were less pronounced in the transdermal nicotine patch group compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking attenuates the oxidative burst of inflammatory cells and increases chemotaxis. Three weeks of abstinence normalize the oxidative burst, but affect chemotaxis only marginally.