微信平台信息支持对改善心房颤动病人华法林抗凝治疗依从性及出血并发症的效果评价

[目的]探讨使用微信平台信息支持对改善心房颤动病人华法林抗凝治疗依从性及出血并发症的效果。[方法]选取某三级医院住院的60例心房颤动病人随机分为对照组29例和观察组31例。两组病人住院期间均接受常规指导,对照组出院时发放华法林抗凝治疗手册,观察组出院后由研究者每周通过微信发送华法林抗凝治疗相关健康教育内容,并给予个性化指导信息。在出院时、干预后8周比较两组的华法林抗凝治疗依从性,国际标准化比值(International Normalized Ratio,INR)是否在有效目标范围,有无发生出血等并发症。[结果]两组病人出院时华法林抗凝治疗依从性、INR值出血或血栓等并发症等比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);病人干预8周后两组上述观察指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]微信教育能提高心房颤动病人华法林抗凝治疗的依从性,降低出血等并发症发生率。     

合并慢性心房颤动的二尖瓣置换术后病人远期抗凝状态的临床观察

[目的]了解合并慢性房颤的二尖瓣置换术后病人远期凝血国际标准化比较(INR)与并发症的关系。[方法]选取我院2009年12月以前因风湿性二尖瓣病变合并慢性房颤而行机械性二尖瓣置换术病人108例,术后均进行正规华法林抗凝治疗,在其出院半年以后在门诊进行凝血系列检查(PT,PT%,PTR,INR,Fbg,APTT)。按是否发生血栓、出血等并发症分为栓塞组、出血组、无并发症组,应用SPSS软件分析安全的凝血酶原时间(PT)及INR值范围。[结果]抗凝治疗过程中出现栓塞4例、出血9例,并发症发生率为12.0%;所有病人纤维蛋白原(Fbg)在正常范围内,部分活化凝血活酶时间(APTT)的变化随INR波动,与华法林的用量无关。华法林用量与PT及INR值相关性不明显。[结论]华法林抗凝维持剂量个体差异较大,合并慢性房颤行机械性二尖瓣置换术病人服用华法林抗凝治疗的安全PT范围为14.4s～28.7s,INR范围为1.51～2.63。     

合并慢性心房颤动的二尖瓣置换术后病人远期抗凝状态的临床观察

[目的]了解合并慢性房颤的二尖瓣置换术后病人远期凝血国际标准化比较（INR）与并发症的关系。[方法]选取我院2009年12月以前因风湿性二尖瓣病变合并慢性房颤而行机械性二尖瓣置换术病人108例,术后均进行正规华法林抗凝治疗,在其出院半年以后在门诊进行凝血系列检查（PT,PT%,PTR,INR,Fbg,APTT）。按是否发生血栓、出血等并发症分为栓塞组、出血组、无并发症组,应用SPSS软件分析安全的凝血酶原时间（PT）及INR值范围。[结果]抗凝治疗过程中出现栓塞4例、出血9例,并发症发生率为12.0%;所有病人纤维蛋白原（Fbg）在正常范围内,部分活化凝血活酶时间（APTT）的变化随INR波动,与华法林的用量无关。华法林用量与PT及INR值相关性不明显。[结论]华法林抗凝维持剂量个体差异较大,合并慢性房颤行机械性二尖瓣置换术病人服用华法林抗凝治疗的安全PT范围为14.4s～28.7s,INR范围为1.51～2.63。     

生物瓣替换术后华法林和阿司匹林抗凝的疗效比较

目的：通过对生物瓣替换手术病人抗凝治疗的随访，比较华法林抗凝治疗和抗血小板药物阿司匹林治疗的远期生存率和抗凝并发症发生率。方法：自2000年4月～2005年11月生物瓣替换手术成功出院病人220例，分为2组，其中华法林抗凝治疗组148例（A组），不用华法林治疗组72例（B组），包括使用阿司匹林抗凝病人65例，不抗凝治疗病人7例。术后通过信访和电话随访，门诊随访，了解2组病人的预后及抗凝并发症的发生率。结果：术后随访0．5～5．5年，随访202例，失访18例，随访率91．8％。服用华法林抗凝组（A组），随访到135例，其中死亡4例，均为突然死亡，其中明确脑出血的有3例，随访期间发生消化道出血4例，脑溢血3例，中风5例，皮肤出血10例，血尿4例，发生短暂晕厥9例。服用阿司匹林组或不抗凝组（B组），随访到67例，死亡0例，消化道出血2例，中风2例，血尿1例，发生晕厥1例，皮肤紫癜0例。结论：生物瓣置换术后，不用华法林抗凝治疗，用抗血小板药物阿司匹林治疗并不增加死亡率和抗凝并发症发生率。     

心脏瓣膜替换术后抗凝治疗的健康宣教

目的：研究向人工瓣膜替换术后患进行健康宣教的目的、内容及方法。方法：对施行心脏瓣膜替换术的３７１例进行健康宣都,着重进行抗凝指导,结果：３７１例术后均用华法林终身抗凝,因服用华法林并发出血９例,其中脑出血５例,消化道出血４例,治愈５例。结论：心脏瓣膜替换术后要加强健康宣教,着重抗凝治疗的必要性、方法出院后复查凝血酶原时间。     

心脏机械瓣膜置换术后抗凝复查依从性现状及影响因素分析

目的了解心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者抗凝复查依从性现状及影响因素。方法对92例患者采用电话回访或邮寄方式调查心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林抗凝复查依从性现状,采用Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果 92例患者中,复查依从性好有54例(58.70%),复查依从性差有38例(41.30%)。Logistic回归分析显示,复查依从性差的影响因素为学历低、每次复查耗费高、非贵州省人民医院复查及非固定医生复查。结论心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者抗凝复查依从性一般,由多种因素引起。     

心脏瓣膜置换术后患者华法林抗凝治疗依从性影响因素分析及对策

目的：探讨心脏瓣膜置换术后患者华法林抗凝治疗依从性的影响因素分析及对策。方法：选取2021年1月1日～2022年3月31日行心脏瓣膜置换术的209例患者作为研究对象，分为达标组(INR达标率≥80%)138例和未达标组(INR达标率<80%)71例，术后均给予华法林抗凝治疗，分析影响患者华法林抗凝治疗依从性的相关因素。结果：华法林抗凝知识认知程度调查结果显示，华法林的用法、华法林口服时间及华法林的效用认知正确率均高于80%。两组受教育程度、居住地、家庭收入、华法林抗凝知识认知程度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示，受教育程度、居住地、华法林抗凝知识认知程度为影响患者心脏瓣膜置换术后依从性的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论：心脏瓣膜置换术后患者华法林抗凝知识总体认知水平不高，且依从性较差，其中受教育程度低、居住地为农村、华法林抗凝知识认知程度差均为导致患者依从性差的独立危险因素，临床需加强对患者的干预，以提高术后治疗依从性。     

华法林在心脏机械瓣膜置换术后抗凝治疗疗效观察

目的:研究心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林的应用.方法:随访观察2003年1月-2007年6月本院行机械瓣膜置换术患者98例,分析华法林的应用情况及其并发症.结果:术后97名患者长期应用华法林抗凝治疗,其中8例出现并发症.结论:机械瓣膜置换术后应用华法林抗凝治疗有效,但有引起致命性并发症危险.     

心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者华法林抗凝并发症的发生率及其影响因素分析

目的探讨心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者早期华法林抗凝相关并发症的发生率，并分析其影响因素。方法以门诊复诊和电话随访的方式，对115例心脏瓣膜置换术后早期应用华法林抗凝治疗的患者进行调查，记录患者抗凝认知、治疗依从性、社会支持情况及抗凝并发症发生情况。结果115例患者中，发生出血的患者为24例（占20．9％），发生栓塞的患者为11例（占9．5％），抗凝认知得分和社会支持得分是患者发生抗凝相关并发症的显著预测因子。结论华法林抗凝相关并发症发生率较高，医务人员应加强对患者及其照护者抗凝知识的指导，同时强调社会支持对患者术后抗凝治疗效果的重要性，降低华法林相关并发症的发生率。     

心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者出院前抗凝的护理指导

心脏瓣膜置换机械瓣膜术后需终生抗凝治疗.我院以口服"华法林"药物抗凝治疗,防止血栓形成.抗凝强度过高和波动性增大是导致出血并发症的重要危险因素[1],出血和血栓栓塞是机械瓣膜置换术后远期的主要并发症,也是远期死亡的主要原因之一[2].临床护士做好患者及其家属的健康教育工作,让他们明白抗凝的重要性和相关措施,正确地抗凝,以降低术后出血并发症的发生,与出院后患者的健康息息相关,笔者总结患者出院前抗凝的护理指导方法,现报道如下.     

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) for acute coronary syndrome

The standard antithrombotic therapy for treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix) or another thienopyridine, plus a parenteral anticoagulant while the patient is hospitalized, followed by antiplatelet therapy alone after discharge. The addition of the oral anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin, and others) to dual antiplatelet therapy is generally not recommended for this indication because of fluctuations in its anticoagulant effect and the risk of bleeding. A recently published trial found that addition of a low dose of the oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban (Xarelto) to antiplatelet therapy after discharge reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events without increasing the incidence of fatal bleeding.     

综合护理干预在心脏瓣膜术后患者华法林抗凝治疗的应用效果

目的 探讨综合护理干预在心脏瓣膜术后患者华法林抗凝治疗中的应用效果。 方法 选取2015年2月-2017年2月接受心脏瓣膜置换术且术后采用华法林抗凝的患者100例,随机分为观察组与对照组各50例。对照组予以心脏瓣膜术后常规护理,观察组行综合护理干预。比较2组患者华法林抗凝治疗的依从性、不良反应发生情况以及患者满意度情况。 结果 观察组患者华法林抗凝治疗完全依从性显著高于对照组(Z=-2.568,P=0.010)。出血以及血栓的发生率均低于对照组(χ²=5.473,P=0.019; χ²=4.332,P=0.037)。患者满意度高于对照组(χ²=6.061,P=0.014)。 结论 综合护理应用于心脏瓣膜术后华法林抗凝中,可显著提高患者依从性,降低不良反应发生率,提高患者满意度。     

Evaluation of an educational programme for patients taking warfarin

The outcomes of a structured warfarin patient education programme were compared with those of an unstructured programme. For both programmes, knowledge and satisfaction levels were determined, incidence of complications of warfarin therapy were noted, and prothrombin time results were examined. The 23 patients who participated in the structured educational programme were selected from among vascular surgery patients. The comparison group was composed of 10 patients who had mechanical prosthetic valves inserted. The structured programme was designed for the study, and implemented by staff nurses. The comparison group received the usual unstructured educational programme. Post-treatment assessments were made before discharge and at 1 month and 3 months after discharge. Interview guides were developed, to determine knowledge and satisfaction. At the predischarge interview, significant differences between the treatment and comparison groups were observed related to knowledge of elements of warfarin therapy. The most important effects of the programme related to specific instructions to promote safety. The interviews 1 month and 3 months after discharge demonstrated that knowledge changed in several areas for both groups. Overall, both groups were satisfied with the information they received. The majority in both groups did not experience complications. Prothrombin times were available for some patients. Those obtained indicated that prothrombin times were not consistently within the therapeutic range for 60% of the time or more. The study supports the use of a structured educational programme as one element in achieving safe, effective warfarin therapy. Reasons for changes in knowledge over time merit further exploration, as does the relationship between optimal control of therapy and educational programmes.     

Warfarin therapy in older adults: managing treatment in the primary care setting

Oral anticoagulant therapy with war farin is commonly used to prevent thromboembolic events in patients at risk. The degree of anticoagulation is variable among individuals and is influenced by many factors; therefore, patients must be monitored frequently to assess for potential adverse effects related to treatment. Individuals older than age 65 are at particular risk for thromboembolic events as well as anticoag ulant-related complications. Because of these factors, elderly individuals pose a unique challenge in maintain ing anticoagulant control. The purpose of this article is to revisit the role of warfarin therapy for elderly individ uals in the primary care setting and to provide nurse practitioners with the information necessary to prescribe and monitor this medication appropriately. This article provides indications for warfarin therapy and also identifies potential barriers to effective management with specific implications for the older population.     

Optimization of inpatient warfarin therapy: impact of daily consultation by a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation service

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of daily consultation by a team of hospital pharmacists on the accuracy and rapidity of optimizing warfarin therapy. DESIGN: Comparison of a historical control cohort with a prospective cohort matched for treatment indication. SETTING: A 400-bed university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty consecutive patients hospitalized in 1992 and starting warfarin for the first time, with anticoagulation therapy managed by physicians, were compared with 60 patients matched for warfarin indication hospitalized in 1995, but with anticoagulation therapy managed with pharmacy consultation. RESULTS: Pharmacist management of initial warfarin therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the length of hospitalization compared with physician dosing, from 9.5 +/- 5.6 days to 6.8 +/- 4.4 days (p = 0.009). The number of patients and patient-days with international normalized ratio (INR) values >3.5 were reduced by pharmacist dosing from 37 patients and 142 days to 16 patients and 29 days, respectively (p < 0.001). Similarly, the number of patients and patient-days with INR >6.0 were reduced from 20 patients and 50 days to two patients and six days, respectively (p < 0.001). There were six documented bleeding complications in 1992 compared with one in 1995 (p = 0.11). The mean INR at discharge was significantly lower in the pharmacy surveillance group, 2.6 +/- 0.58, compared with the physician cohort, 3.3 +/- 2.1 (p = 0.07). Readmissions after discharge due to bleeding or recurrent thrombosis were reduced from five (at 1 mo) and 10 (at 3 mo) to two and five readmissions, respectively, by pharmacist intervention (p = 0.43). The number of patients with concurrently prescribed drugs known to significantly interact with warfarin was significantly lower (6 vs. 13; p = 0.02) in the pharmacy surveillance group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients starting warfarin for the first time, daily consultation by a pharmacist significantly decreased the length of hospital stay and the number of patients who received excessive anticoagulation therapy. These findings translate into improved quality of care and potentially significant cost savings.     

思维导图在脑卒中介入溶栓术后健康教育中的应用研究

目的评价思维导图在脑卒中患者介入溶栓健康教育中的应用效果。方法将2018年1—9月贵州省人民医院介入科收治的112例脑卒中溶栓患者随机分为观察组(n=56)和对照组(n=56)。对照组由护士实施常规的健康教育,观察组结合思维导图进行健康教育,比较两组患者的疾病相关知识知晓情况、服药依从性及住院满意度。结果干预后观察组患者对于脑卒中疾病相关知识的知晓率、服药依从性及住院满意度均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利用思维导图开展脑卒中介入溶栓术后健康教育,有利于促进患者掌握疾病相关知识,对提高健康宣教的有效性及患者遵医行为和住院满意度有积极作用。     

房颤患者华法林抗凝治疗177例

目的回顾性分析心房颤动（房颤）患者的抗凝治疗与卒中情况。 方法调查2015年8月1日至2017年6月30日苏北人民医院住院房颤患者301例的病例资料,记录性别、年龄、主要诊断、合并疾病情况、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、HAS-BLED评分、INR值、华法林剂量、新型口服抗凝剂（NOAC）、阿司匹林使用情况、血栓栓塞事件、出血事件情况,分析抗凝治疗的规范性及其与临床后果的关系。 结果住院房颤患者平均年龄（72±11）岁,房颤类型以非瓣膜型房颤为主,占93.7%（282/301）,58.8%的房颤患者采用口服华法林抗凝治疗,4%接受NOAC抗凝治疗。华法林抗凝治疗组缺血性卒中发生率显著低于未抗凝治疗组差异具有统计学意义（13.0% vs 20.5%,P=0.025）。瓣膜型和非瓣膜型房颤患者华法林抗凝治疗后INR达标（INR 2.0~3.0）的比率分别为15.8%和7.1%。 结论为了达到更好的房颤患者卒中预防效果,需进一步加强华法林抗凝治疗的教育和监测。     

烧伤患者出院后社会参与水平现状及影响因素分析

目的探讨烧伤患者出院后社会参与水平现状及影响因素。方法选取2017年3月至2019年3月在我院接受治疗的烧伤患者198例为研究对象,记录患者烧伤并发症、年龄、疼痛评分、烧伤原因、日常生活能力(ADL)评分、性别、经济状况、受教育程度、职业和家庭居住地等临床资料,采用参与和自主影响量表(IPA)评估患者社会参与水平,采用单因素分析和多元逐步回归分析影响烧伤患者社会参与水平的因素。结果烧伤患者出院1个月后其社会参与水平总分(53.33±14.06)分。多元逐步回归分析显示,ADL评分≤85分、疼痛评分≥5分、经济困难和有烧伤并发症是烧伤患者社会参与水平低的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论烧伤患者出院后其社会参与水平较低,影响因素较多,护理人员对此采取相应干预措施,以促进其身心康复,提高社会参与水平。     

基于知信行评价的再循环教育在心脏瓣膜置换病人抗凝治疗管理中的应用研究

目的 观察基于知信行评价的再循环教育在心脏瓣膜置换术病人抗凝治疗管理中的应用效果。方法　选择2018年1月至2019年3月于我院行心脏瓣膜置换术患者90例为观察样本,以随机数字表法分为对照试验两组各计45例,对照组接受心脏瓣膜置换术后抗凝用药常规教育,试验组在此基础上加用基于知信行评价的再循环教育,对两组干预后的各观察指标进行比较。结果　试验组心脏瓣膜置换术病例干预后抗凝知识掌握度评分与抗凝用药依从性评分显著高于对照组,抗凝用药相关并发症发生率显著低于对照组,(P＜0.05)。结论　采用基于知信行评价的再循环教育对心脏瓣膜置换术后抗凝治疗病人实施干预,可显著提高其抗凝知识掌握度与抗凝用药依从性,提高抗凝用药安全性。     

Should anticoagulation be resumed after intracerebral hemorrhage?

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most feared and the most deadly complication of oral anticoagulant therapy, eg, with warfarin (Coumadin). After such an event, clinicians wonder whether their patients should resume anticoagulant therapy. The authors review the management of anticoagulation during and after anticoagulation-associated ICH.