基于多体动力学仿真技术的多缸发动机噪声预测

对一台四冲程直列四缸涡轮增压柴油发动机建模,使用多体耦合和有限元边界元来进行噪声辐射预测.对其进行多体动力学仿真,模拟这台发动机从1 500 ～4 000 r/min的工作状态,确定动力总成的激励大小,还特别估计出了作用在缸体上的作用力.在发动机动力系统的动态描述中,同时考虑气体压力对燃烧过程的影响和运动部件惯性力的作用.此外还评估了实际发动机的操作性能,曲柄和缸体都被视为自由体.依据ISO3744标准,基于著名的MATV方法,利用模态参与因子的缸体激励,计算出距发动机1m处的发动机噪声辐射大小.通过LMS Virtual.Lab工具,对发动机动力总成的动态及振动噪声表现进行描述.     

Decoupling analysis for a powertrain mounting system with a combination of hydraulic mounts

The existing torque roll axis(TRA) decoupling theories for a powertrain mounting system assume that the stiffness and viscous damping properties are constant. However, real-life mounts exhibit considerable spectrally varying stiffness and damping characteristics, and the influence of the spectrally-varying properties of the hydraulic mounts on the powertrain system cannot be ignored. To overcome the deficiency, an analytical quasi-linear model of the hydraulic mount and the coupled properties of the powertrain and hydraulic mounts system are formulated. The influence of the hydraulic mounts on the TRA decoupling of a powertrain system is analytically examined in terms of eigensolutions, frequency, and impulse responses, and then a new analytical axiom is proposed based on the TRA decoupling indices. With the experimental setup of a fixed decoupler hydraulic mount in the context of non-resonant dynamic stiffness testing procedure, the quasi-linear model of the hydraulic mount is verified by comparing the predictions with the measurement. And the quasi-linear formulation of the coupled system is also verified by comparing the frequency responses with the numerical results obtained by the direct inversion method. Finally, the mounting system with a combination of hydraulic mounts is redesigned in terms of the stiffness, damping and mount locations by satisfying the new axiom. The frequency and time domain results of the redesigned system demonstrate that the torque roll axis of the redesigned powertrain mounting system is indeed decoupled in the presence of hydraulic mounts (given oscillating torque or impulsive torque excitation). The proposed research provides an important basis and method for the research on a powertrain system with spectrally-varying mount properties, especially for the TRA decoupling.     

Inverse combustion force estimation based on response measurements outside the combustion chamber and signal processing

Exposure to vibration has various physiological effects on vehicle passengers. Engine is one of the main sources of vehicle vibration. The major causes of engine vibration are combustion forces transmitted through the pistons and connection rods. Evaluation of sources is the first step to attenuate this vibration. Assessment of these sources is not an easy task because internal parts of machinery are not accessible. Often, instrumentation for such systems is costly, time consuming and some modifications would be necessary. Aim of the first part of this paper was to validate an inverse technique and carry out mobility analysis on a vehicle crankshaft to achieve matrix of Frequency Response Functions (FRFs). Outcomes were implemented to reconstruct the applied force for single and multiple-input systems. In the second part, the validated inverse technique and FRFs were used to estimate piston forces of an operating engine. Bearings of crankshaft were chosen as nearest accessible parts to piston connecting rods. Accelerometers were connected to the bearings for response measurement during an ideal engine operation. These responses together with FRFs, which were estimated in the previous part, were utilised in the inverse technique. Tikhonov regularization was used to solve the ill-conditioned inverse system. Two methods, namely L-curve criterion and Generalized Cross Validation (GCV), were employed to find the regularization parameter for the Tikhonov method. The inverse problem was solved and piston forces applied to crankpins were estimated. Results were validated by pressure measurement inside a cylinder and estimating the corresponding combustion force. This validation showed that inverse technique and measurement outcomes were roughly in agreement. In presence of various noise, L-curve criterion conduces to more robust results compared to the GCV method. But in the absence of high correlation between sources (f>600 HzHz), the GCV technique leads to more accurate results. This research shows that inverse techniques have great ability to estimate vibration sources inside the machinery.     

汽车制动颤振瞬态特性与关键因素试验研究

在常规平路起步和坡道空档起步工况下开展汽车制动颤振整车道路试验,分析制动颤振的瞬态动力学特性。设计汽车制动颤振关键因素试验,研究动力总成、制动器总成、悬架总成对制动颤振的影响。研究表明,汽车制动颤振包括两种典型的运动模式,一是具有持续时间短、宽频带特征的冲击振动,没有明确的极限环;二是具有持续时间长、多倍频特征的周期谐波振动,它属于一种典型的粘滑振动,具有明显的极限环。制动压力是汽车制动颤振发生的关键触发条件,制动压力以较大斜率下降至特定范围时,往往触发冲击振动为主的制动颤振;反之,则容易触发周期谐波振动为主的制动颤振。汽车动力总成驱动力和发动机转速波动是制动颤振的关键影响因素,合理设计发动机从低温到常温的加浓控制策略和起步时的动力总成控制策略,可有效地抑制制动颤振。制动器动、静摩擦因数差值是制动颤振重要的影响因素,制动块背板与保持架的连接刚度、制动钳质量也是关键因素。通过制动器总成结构参数设计改变颤振时制动器的振动模式,改善制动中的悬架弓形效应,为控制制动颤振提供了新思路。     

用仿真工具优化车辆动力系统(二)

在本文的第一部分，介绍了一种理想的车辆动力系统的计算机辅助开发过程。它显示了现代仿真技术在产品持续发展过程中的作用，该技术采用硬件回路作非在线的仿真，并通过现代化的试验手段对车辆进行匹配。特别重要的是提供了将电控变速器和发动机控制单元综合的可能性。     

用仿真工具优化车辆动力系统(一)

在本文的第一部分，介绍了一种理想的车辆动力系统的计算机辅助开发过程。它显示了现代仿真技术在产品持续发展过程中的作用，该技术采用硬件回路作非在线的仿真，并通过现代化的试验手段对车辆进行匹配。特别重要的是提供了将电控变速器和发动机控制单元综合的可能性。接着是在线仿真在诸如发动机和变速器模式方面的应用和发展，它是上述开发过程的基础。根据上述的方法论，本文论述了仿真技术已取得的成绩和将来的应用可能性。     

动力总成悬置系统隔振分析及优化

针对某皮卡车振动剧烈、噪声较大等问题,建立动力总成悬置系统多体动力学模型.通过模态分析、动力总成质心加速度和悬置支撑处响应力的仿真,优化悬置的主刚度,使其隔振效果得到明显改善,不仅提高了车辆乘坐的舒适性,而且延长了发动机与其他部件的使用寿命.     

An advanced excitation technique for measurement of unloaded multidirectional mobilities

This paper describes a technique to determine the mobility matrix (including rotational degrees of freedom) from measurements. The determination is performed without loading from the excitation equipment (lever, force transducers, etc.) and uses only one set-up. The advantages of using only one set-up are that an improved consistency of the mobility matrix is achieved in comparison to traditional techniques, and that it saves set-up time which usually is a large portion of the total time required for the actual measurements.The measurements are performed in two steps. During the first step, the mass- and inertia-loaded mobility matrix is determined by using sequential measurements and a physical model of the excitation equipment. In a second step, the loaded mobility matrix is used to actively compensate for the mass and inertia of the excitation equipment; thereafter the unloaded mobility matrix is obtained. The two steps are explained theoretically and are demonstrated experimentally for a freely suspended beam vibrating in bending motion.     

基于能量法解耦的汽车动力总成悬置系统优化

针对某皮卡车更换动力总成后,出现怠速工况下动力总成晃动较大的现象,利用能量法解耦的基本原理,并采用ADAMS对该车动力总成悬置系统进行优化设计,从而提高其隔振效率,降低整车的振动。     

基于Chebyshev区间方法的动力总成悬置系统稳健性优化

汽车动力总成悬置系统是车辆的主要隔振系统之一,其性能对整车NVH体验具有重大影响。考虑到动力总成悬置刚度值存在一定程度的偏差或波动,应用Chebyshev区间方法确定动力总成悬置系统固有频率和解耦率随元件刚度值波动的区间范围,通过实例确定其计算精度。以提高悬置系统频率和解耦率的稳健性为目的,按区间优化模型对某轿车悬置系统的频率和解耦率进行稳健性优化。结果表明,基于该优化方法可获得较好的能量解耦率、较高的稳健性并可减小悬置系统振动传递率。     

Decoupling analysis on nonlinear system based on the modified generalized frequency response functions

This paper presents a nonlinear decoupling approach based on the Modified Generalized Frequency Response Functions (MGFRFs) and the nonlinear feature of phase invariance, for the pure nonlinearity-input nonlinear system. The MGFRFs are defined by combining the ‘homotopy’ GFRFs and phase information of the system input. The nonlinear feature of phase invariance is extracted based on MGFRFs. The decoupling approach is proposed based on MGFRFs and extended from the pure tone excitation to the multi-tone excitations by considering phase invariance. Numerical simulation and experimental investigation were carried out, whose results have shown that nonlinear feature of phase invariance is correct and reasonable and the proposed decoupling approach is valid and feasible. The proposed decoupling approach can be employed to identify the excitation sources and to estimate nonlinear system parameters for the pure nonlinearity-input nonlinear vibration system.     

履带车辆动力传动系统扭振的时域仿真研究

对某型履带车辆的动力传动系统扭振进行了仿真建模。针对动力传动系统中具有非线性特征的液力变矩器和盖斯林格联轴器等部件，建立了相应的非线性时域仿真模型，同时建立了发动机激励模型。将系统仿真得到的时域结果进行分析，并与实验数据进行了验证比较，仿真结果与实验数据较吻合。     

汽车动力总成刚体惯性参数的辨识

本文以某动力总成为研究对象,基于试验模态分析方法进行了动力总成惯性参数辨识。首先给出了动力总成的频响函数及其拟合方法,并推导了动力总成表面响应和激励与坐标原点之间的关系,建立了动力总成运动学方程,进而得到了刚体惯性参数的表达式;然后以矩阵条件数的方法对动力总成模态试验过程中混入的干扰噪声进行了误差分析;基于测试点的矩阵条件数对响应点的位置进行了推导,并将其表达成与动力总成表面物理参数（如长度、面积等）有关的形式,从而得到了响应点的最好和最差布置形式以及最少的测试点数目;采用捶击法进行了动力总成模态试验,并以最小矩阵条件数原则进行了动力总成惯性参数的辨识。最后,本文也给出了关于进一步消除模态试验测量误差的一些措施。     

某商用车动力总成悬置系统隔振性能优化

为提升某商用车动力总成悬置系统的隔振性能,在试验获得某商用车动力总成惯性参数的基础上,利用能量解耦法计算获得了该系统的固有频率及各阶频率的能量分布,并针对其计算结果所表现出来的问题,运用Matlab编写程序对后悬置刚度进行了优化,获得了该悬置的理想刚度值,最后对新悬置系统的频率分布及解耦率进行了理论计算.计算结果表明:...     

车辆发动机悬架系统现状与进展

理想的发动机悬架系统应隔离发动机工作转速范围内由发动机干扰力所引起的发动机振动，并阻止由冲击而激起的发动机弹跳，这意味着发动机悬架的动态刚度和阻尼是与频率和振幅有关的，改善依赖于频率和振幅特性的动态刚度与阻尼是发动机悬架系统发展的关键所在。传统的弹性悬架不能满足所有的要求，它仅能在静偏转和隔振之间进行折衷，特别在低频域，被动的液压悬架能比弹性悬架提供更好的特性，通常半主动技术，由于其可调性而被用来进一步改善液压悬架的特性，为了隔振、低频时主动发动机悬架系统非常硬，而在高频域内被调整的非常软，主动的发动机悬架已被认为是发动机悬架的新一代，发动机悬架系统的优化是相当可取的，但发动机悬架的优化工作出现一些局限性，文中综述国内，外发动机悬架技术的现状与进展。     

Optimal design of nonlinear hydraulic engine mount

This paper shows that the performance of a nonlinear fluid engine mount can be improved by an optimal design process The property of a hydraulic mount with inertia track and decouplen differs according to the disturbance frequency range. Since the excitation amplitude is large at low excitation frequency range and is small at high excitation frequency range, mathematical model of the mount can be divided into two linear models One is a low frequency model and the other is a high frequency model The combination of the two models is very useful in the analysis of the mount and is used for the first time in the optimization of an engine mount in this paper Normally, the design of a fluid mount is based on a trial and error approach in industry because there are many design parameters In this study, a nonlinear mount was optimized to minimize the transmissibilities of the mount at the notch and the resonance frequencies for low and high-frequency models by a popular optimization technique of sequential quadratic programming (SQP) supported by MATLAB^(r) subroutine. The results show that the performance of the mount can be greatly improved for the low and high frequencies ranges by the optimization method     

车辆传动系扭转振动主动控制研究现状及趋势

阐述了传动系扭转振动主动控制的近期研究成果。从3个方面进行阐述了二(三)自由度电传动系统扭转振动控制研究、传统内燃机车辆传动系扭转振动控制研究、电动车辆传动系扭转振动控制研究。总结了电动车动力传动系统的振动(噪声)现象,指出传统车辆简化模型的局限性,提出了传动系统振动主动控制的新目标。围绕集中驱动式电动车动力传动系统的特点,从电机激励特性、常啮合结构特性、振动频率宽泛性、系统性4个方面对电动车传动系统主动控制的基础模型进行了展望。     

发动机动力总成悬置系统模态分析与优化

悬置系统设计的核心是合理设计悬置元件的位置、角度和刚度,以提高悬置系统各向谐振模态解耦度,并使各向自振频率分别避开发动机怠速频率、车架、车身各向自振频率等,从而提高悬置系统的隔振效果。在悬置系统模态分析的基础上,建立了以提高悬置系统解耦度和各向谐振频率尽可能接近期望值为目标的悬置系统自动优化设计数学模型,并以某发动机动力总成悬置系统为应用案例,对其悬置元件的位置、角度和刚度进行自动优化设计计算,获得了预期的优化效果。     

电动轮自卸车动力总成悬置系统分析与优化

针对电动轮自卸车动力总成结构特点,根据能量解耦理论和最优化理论,建立了电动轮自卸车动力总成悬置系统六自由度动力学模型,以其六自由度解耦率最大为优化目标,采用优化拉丁方法,分析出影响解耦的主要参数,结合遗传算法、模拟退火法对电动轮自卸车动力总成悬置系统进行了优化设计。然后将优化结果视为满足正态分布的随机变量,运用Monte Carlo方法对其进行稳健性分析,以考察设计值的变化对目标函数的影响。结果表明,运用此优化方法对悬置系统进行优化能有效提高解耦率,优化结果稳定可靠,基本满足稳健性要求。     

Control of gear shifts in dual clutch transmission powertrains

To achieve the best possible responses during shifting in dual clutch transmissions it is commonplace to integrate clutch and engine control, while the clutch is used to match speeds between the engine and wheels via reduction gears, poor engine control can lead to extended engagement times and rough/harsh shift transients. This paper proposes a method for combined speed and torque control of vehicle powertrains with dual clutch transmissions for both the engine and clutches. The vehicle powertrain is modelled as a simple four degree of freedom system with reduction gears and two clutches. Including a detailed clutch hydraulic model, comprising of the direct acting solenoids and clutch piston with the hydraulic fluid modelled as a compressible fluid. Powertrain control is realised through control of clutch solenoids and manipulation of the engine throttle input. Sensitivity study of clutch performance evaluating inaccurate torque estimation demonstrated variance in the response of the hydraulic system, with an indicative simulation of poor estimation resulting in increased powertrain vibration during and after shifting. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the capacity for this method of engine and clutch control to further reduce shift transients developed in dual clutch transmission powertrains. The obtained results also show that the adoption of torque based control techniques for both the clutch and engine, which makes use of the estimated target clutch torque, significantly improves the powertrain response as a result of reduction in the lockup discontinuities.