多重分形维数谱及其在内燃机故障诊断中的应用

采用小波模量极大值方法对缸盖振动信号去噪 ,计算数据的多重分形维数谱 ,将其用于刻划内燃机缸盖在气门不同状态时表现的非线性行为 ,从而对故障分类。结果表明 ,缸盖振动信号的多重分形维数谱当气门在不同状态时是不同的 ,可以将其作为判断气门状态的依据。     

分形维数在内燃机振动诊断中的应用

将分形理论引入内燃机的振动诊断中,根据内燃机的配气定时,着重研究了缸盖振动信号中对应燃烧段的数据,计算其关联维数,将关联维数用于刻划内燃机缸盖在气门不同状态时表现的非线性行为,从而进行故障诊断与分类。结果表明,当气门在不同状态时,缺盖振动信号中对应燃烧段数据的关联维数是不同的,可以将其作为判断气门漏气的一个诊断特征量。     

基于分形维数的柴油机气门故障诊断技术研究

振动监测技术是当前柴油机状态监测和故障诊断的基本方法,本文通过分析柴油机缸盖振动信号的吸引子图来定性刻画其振动的复杂度,并采用抽区间分析法,利用二进小波变换对柴油机燃烧段缸盖振动信号分解,提取其高频信息,结合G-P算法计算其高频信息的关联维数.研究表明,计算柴油机缸盖振动信号的关联维数是一种诊断柴油机气门故障的有效方法.     

柴油机气阀间隙异常的诊断

通过调整柴油机气阀机构的不同气门间隙,采集柴油机缸盖表面的振动信号.通过计算柴油机缸盖表面振动信号的小波包能量、奇异性指标,最大幅值、分形维,并建立柴油机缸盖表面振动信号的AR和ARMA模型,得到模型的残差,最后利用这些特征参数,应用模糊聚类法进行故障诊断.     

基于LabVIEW的刀具磨损监测分形识别平台

将分形应用在刀具状态监测中,随着刀具磨损量的增加,刀具与工件之间的磨损加剧,振动信号的波形变化越来越不规则,信号的分形维数逐渐增大.盒维数和信息维数变化较小,但变化趋势明显;关联维数的变化相对较大,新刀的关联维数最小,报废刀的关联维数明显增大.识别结果表明,刀具在整个磨损历程中振动信号分形维数的变化规律,其大小能较好地反映刀具不同磨损状态,运用振动信号的分形维数可以有效实现刀具磨损状态的监测.     

分形维数及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

将分形维数用于刻划滚动轴承在不同故障状态下表现的非线性行为,进而对故障分类。试验结果表明,滚动轴承振动信号在不同故障状态下的分形维数是不同的,可以将分形维数作为识别滚动轴承故障的特征量。     

基于EMD和分形维数的转子系统故障诊断

提出了一种基于EMD方法和分形维数的转子系统故障诊断方法。利用EMD方法将转子振动信号进行分解,得到若干个基本模式分量,然后将包含主要故障信息的几个基本模式分量相加得到降噪后的转子振动信号,求得降噪后的转子振动信号的分形维数。试验数据的分析结果表明,在不同的故障状态下,采用EMD方法对转子振动信号降噪后求得的分形维数是不同的,从而可以通过分形维数的大小有效地判断转子系统的工作状态和故障类型。     

基于多个无标度区多重分形理论的齿轮故障诊断

针对齿轮故障振动信号具有多重分形特征,提出多个无标度区的多重分形理论与神经网络相结合的机械故障诊断方法。该方法采用多重分形理论计算齿轮振动信号的多分形谱和广义分形维数,并将多分形谱能和广义分形维数谱能作为特征量,构成二维特征向量。将该特征向量作为概率神经网络的输入参量,并对采自齿轮故障台的振动信号进行故障分类。实验证明,与单一无标度区多分形谱理论特征提取方法相比较,所提出的方法能更精密刻画振动信号特征,并获得更高的识别率。     

往复压缩机多重分形故障特征提取

实现了基于多重分形的往复压缩机振动信号的故障特征提取。针对往复压缩机振动信号的非线性和非平稳性,使用多重分形谱和广义维数对压缩机振动信号进行分析,从中提取可识别的故障特征。分析结果发现多重分形谱中的△α值和广义维数Dq作为故障特征能够很好地反映往复压缩机的工作状态,为往复压缩机的故障特征识别提供了必要依据。     

气阀机构故障诊断的非线性方法研究

本文计算了气阀在不同状态下缸盖援动信号波形的多重分形维数,以此作为神经网络的训练和识别输入,达到对气阀机构进行故障诊断的目的,为非线性方法在内燃机故障诊断中的应用研究进行了有益的尝试。     

基于时序分析与神经网络的气阀机构故障诊断

通过模拟柴油机气阀机构的两种主要故障 :气门漏气和气门间隙异常进行实验 ,采集缸盖表面的振动信号。利用时间序列分析方法对振动信号建立AR和ARMA模型 ,利用其参数及残差等指标作为特征参数 ,提取时域的均方根等指标。最后利用人工神经网络进行故障模式识别。结果表明方法是可行的 ,效果较好     

Fault diagnosis for diesel valve trains based on time–frequency images

In this paper, the Wigner–Ville distributions (WVD) of vibration acceleration signals which were acquired from the cylinder head in eight different states of valve train were calculated and displayed in grey images; and the probabilistic neural networks (PNN) were directly used to classify the time–frequency images after the images were normalized. By this way, the fault diagnosis of valve train was transferred to the classification of time–frequency images. As there is no need to extract further fault features (such as eigenvalues or symptom parameters) from time–frequency distributions before classification, the fault diagnosis process is highly simplified. The experimental results show that the faults of diesel valve trains can be classified accurately by the proposed methods.     

内燃机气阀漏气故障的高阶谱分析

将高阶谱理论引入内燃机的振动诊断中,分析了不同状态时缸盖表面振动信号的三阶谱特性,并计算出三阶谱的峰值,用于刻划各状态时缸盖系统的非线性行为。结果表明:正常状态时缸盖表面振动信号的三阶谱接近为零,可以认为缸盖系统是线性系统;当气阀发生漏气故障时,缸盖表面振动信号的三阶谱就会出现较大的峰值,而且不同状态时所对应的峰值也存在着较大差别,说明不同气阀漏气状态时缸盖系统表现出不同程度的非线性。可以将三阶谱的峰值作为判断气阀是否漏气的一个诊断特征量,同时也为诊断内燃机气阀的早期漏气故障提供了依据。     

Fault diagnosis for diesel valve trains based on non-negative matrix factorization and neural network ensemble

It is well known that the vibration signals are unstable when there is some failure in machinery. So in this paper, the cone-shaped kernel distributions (CKD) of vibration acceleration signals acquired from the cylinder head in eight different states of valve train were calculated and displayed in grey images. Meanwhile, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was used to decompose multivariate data, and neural network ensemble (NNE), which is of better generalization capability for classification than a single neural network, was used to perform intelligent diagnosis without further fault feature (such as eigenvalues or symptom parameters) extraction from time–frequency distributions. It is shown by the experimental results that the faults of diesel valve trains can be accurately classified by the proposed method.     

基于小波包与LS—SVM的气阀故障诊断

基于小波包原理,对柴油机的缸盖振动信号进行小波包分解,利用“频带能量”的特征提取方法得到特征向量,并作为LS-SVM的输入进行训练和分类检验,提出了一种基于小波包和LS—SVM的气阀故障诊断方法。结果表明不同状态下的气阀漏气故障能得到识别和分类,且具有较高的精度。     

Diesel Engine Valve Clearance Fault Diagnosis Based on Features Extraction Techniques and FastICA-SVM

Numerous vibration-based techniques are rarely used in diesel engines fault diagnosis in a direct way, due to the surface vibration signals of diesel engines with the complex non-stationary and nonlinear time-varying features. To investigate the fault diagnosis of diesel engines,fractal correlation dimension, wavelet energy and entropy as features reflecting the diesel engine fault fractal and energy characteristics are extracted from the decomposed signals through analyzing vibration acceleration signals derived from the cylinder head in seven different states of valve train. An intelligent fault detector FastICA-SVM is applied for diesel engine fault diagnosis and classification.The results demonstrate that FastICA-SVM achieves higher classification accuracy and makes better generalization performance in small samples recognition. Besides,the fractal correlation dimension and wavelet energy and entropy as the special features of diesel engine vibration signal are considered as input vectors of classifier Fast ICASVM and could produce the excellent classification results.The proposed methodology improves the accuracy of feature extraction and the fault diagnosis of diesel engines.     

图像处理在内燃机故障诊断中的应用研究

在应用图像处理进行故障诊断的基础上 ,探讨了应用这一技术进行内燃机故障诊断与状态监测时应注意的一些问题。指出利用缸盖振动信号小波包分解后的时 -频分布图的灰度直方图进行故障诊断的效果并不好 ,并分析了原因 ;进行了信号加噪声与不加噪声的诊断效果对比 ,发现噪声对基于图像处理的气阀机构故障诊断的影响不大 ,验证了这一方法的工程实用性和可行性     

基于离散广义S变换与双向二维主成分分析的内燃机故障诊断

针对内燃机气阀机构的故障诊断问题,提出一种将离散广义S变换和双向二维主成分分析（TD-2DPCA）相结合的诊断方法。该方法首先利用离散广义S变换将内燃机缸盖振动信号生成振动谱图像,然后利用TD-2DPCA对图像进行特征提取,有效减小特征系数矩阵的维数,最后,通过最近邻分类器进行分类识别。将该方法应用于内燃机气阀机构8种工况的诊断实例中,对比不同时频表征及特征提取方法的计算效率和识别精度,结果表明该方法可为内燃机故障诊断提供一条新途径。     

Fault Feature Extraction of Diesel Engine Based on Bispectrum Image Fractal Dimension

Fault feature extraction has a positive effect on accurate diagnosis of diesel engine. Currently, studies of fault feature extraction have focused on the time domain or the frequency domain of signals. However, early fault signals are mostly weak energy signals, and time domain or frequency domain features will be overwhelmed by strong back?ground noise. In order consistent features to be extracted that accurately represent the state of the engine, bispectrum estimation is used to analyze the nonlinearity, non?Gaussianity and quadratic phase coupling(QPC) information of the engine vibration signals under different conditions. Digital image processing and fractal theory is used to extract the fractal features of the bispectrum pictures. The outcomes demonstrate that the diesel engine vibration signal bispectrum under different working conditions shows an obvious differences and the most complicated bispectrum is in the normal state. The fractal dimension of various invalid signs is novel and diverse fractal parameters were utilized to separate and characterize them. The value of the fractal dimension is consistent with the non?Gaussian intensity of the signal, so it can be used as an eigenvalue of fault diagnosis, and also be used as a non?Gaussian signal strength indicator. Consequently, a symptomatic approach in view of the hypothetical outcome is inferred and checked by the examination of vibration signals from the diesel motor. The proposed research provides the basis for on?line monitoring and diagnosis of valve train faults.