EMD方法在转子局部碰摩故障诊断中的应用

针对转子系统局部碰摩故障振动信号的特征，将经验模态分解方法（Empirical Mode Decomposition，简称EMD）应用于转子局部碰摩故障诊断中。采用EMD方法对转子振动信号进行分解，实现碰摩、背景和噪声信号分离，从而提取转子系统局部碰摩振动信号的故障特征。试验分析结果表明，对具有局部碰摩故障的转子振动信号进行EMD分解得到的基本模式分量（IMF）具有明显的调幅特性，而其他状态下的转子振动信号经过EMD分解后得到的IMF分量没有明显的调幅特性。因此，EMD方法可以有效地应用于转子系统局部碰摩故障诊断中。     

EMD降噪和关联维数相结合在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对滚动轴承产生的非线性振动信号的特点,提出将EMD降噪和关联维数相结合来描述轴承工作状态进而对其进行故障诊断的方法.通过实验定量计算出EMD降噪前后滚动轴承正常工况和不同部件故障时的关联维数值,结果表明,经EMD降噪处理后,不同模式下的关联维数具有明显的可分性和严格的区间范围,可以作为智能监测与诊断的参考依据.     

基于局域波分解的齿轮箱故障诊断研究

实验采集的齿轮箱振动信号具有非线性、非平稳性,提出将局域波分解与小波降噪相结合的故障诊断方法。针对齿轮箱在不同工况下的振动信号,首先采用小波降噪方法去除原信号噪声,提高信噪比;然后采用局域波分解方法将去噪后的信号进行分解,得到一些基本模式分量和一个剩余分量;最后对基本模式分量做出功率谱图,区分齿轮箱各种故障工况。结果表明:局域波分解方法在齿轮箱故障诊断中的有效性。     

EMD分解、分形理论和RBF神经网络相结合的轴承智能故障诊断研究

准确快速的诊断并解决机械设备中的常用组成部件滚动轴承的故障对机械设备和生产至关重要。为了对滚动轴承进行准确的智能诊断,将EMD分解、分形理论和神经网络有机结合,通过运用EMD对信号进行提取和分解,得到其IMF分量,然后画出各IMF分量的关联积分双对数曲线图并从中得出信号的关联维数,借助关联维数并运用RBF神经网络对轴承的状态进行分类和识别,达到智能诊断的目的。实例分析表明EMD分解、分形理论和RBF神经网络相结合能够有效的减少非线性分量对故障信号的干扰并准确识别滚动轴承的故障类型,证明了三者结合的智能故障诊断有效可行。     

应用AR模型的多参数与多测点信息融合的故障分类

为了找到针对齿轮传动系统多类故障分类的有效方法,对行星齿轮传动系统进行故障实验,获取振动信号。采用EMD方法对该振动信号进行预处理,得到若干个IMF分量之和,对前4个有效的IMF分量分别建立AR模型,得到对应的自回归参数序列ф,进而对其分别计算关联维数、最大Lyapunov指数、样本熵这3个混沌特征参数,并将其作为辨识特征量。将不同测点对应的ф的不同混沌特征参数信息融合作为支持向量机的输入向量,建立6种不同故障状态的训练集,实现对故障类型进行分类。结果表明:对实验获取的振动信号进行EMD和AR模型处理后,能在很大程度上提高故障分类准确率。     

分形维数及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

将分形维数用于刻划滚动轴承在不同故障状态下表现的非线性行为,进而对故障分类。试验结果表明,滚动轴承振动信号在不同故障状态下的分形维数是不同的,可以将分形维数作为识别滚动轴承故障的特征量。     

发电机绕组故障时振动的关联维数分析及诊断

运用分形理论的相空间重构算法,分析了发电机在正常运行、转子励磁绕组短路和定子绕组故障3种状态时定转子振动信号的关联维数。分析结果表明,3种状态具有不同的关联维数,揭示了绕组短路的电气故障不仅引起发电机电气参数的变化,也将引起发电机振动特征的变化,且不同绕组故障对气隙磁场畸变效果不同,引起发电机定转子不同的动力学特性。最后,以定子振动的关联维数作为特征向量输入到BP网络中,将实测M JF-30-6型故障模拟发电机的定子振动的关联维数作为样本,通过学习样本的学习和对测试样本的测试分析的结果表明,该诊断方法能正确识别发电机的3种状态。     

基于局部均值分解与关联维数的往复压缩机气阀故障诊断

针对往复压缩机气阀振动信号具有的非线性与非平稳复杂特性,提出基于局部均值分解与关联维数相结合的方法,通过将原始振动信号进行分解,定量化提取了不同气阀故障状态下的关联维数特征,结果表明:局部均值分解后的振动信号信噪比得到显著提高,高频分量的关联维数能够明显区分不同故障状态特征,因此可以作为往复压缩机气阀故障诊断的有效依据。     

峭度准则EMD与空域相关结合的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对滚动轴承故障信号非线性、非平稳的特点,提出一种经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)与空域相关相结合的信号特征提取方法。首先,利用EMD方法将振动信号分解成若干个固有模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF);然后采用峭度准则选取能够反应故障特征的IMF分量进行重构,再对重构信号运用空域相关法进行降噪;最后将处理后的振动信号进行Hilbert包络谱分析,提取出轴承的故障特征。采用所建立的方法分析轴承外圈故障的实验数据。结果表明,峭度准则EMD与空域相关相结合的方法能够对振动信号进行降噪处理并有效地提取出轴承外圈故障特征频率。     

基于小波降噪与分形理论的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了识别滚动轴承振动信号中包含的故障类型,运用小波对采集到的信号进行降噪,通过计算降噪后振动信号的关联维数,判断信号中是否包含故障。并以关联维数为特征量,通过计算各工况之间的距离函数,判断属于何种故障的信号。结果表明,运用分形理论进行故障诊断具有很强的实用价值。     

Fault Feature Extraction of Diesel Engine Based on Bispectrum Image Fractal Dimension

Fault feature extraction has a positive effect on accurate diagnosis of diesel engine. Currently, studies of fault feature extraction have focused on the time domain or the frequency domain of signals. However, early fault signals are mostly weak energy signals, and time domain or frequency domain features will be overwhelmed by strong back?ground noise. In order consistent features to be extracted that accurately represent the state of the engine, bispectrum estimation is used to analyze the nonlinearity, non?Gaussianity and quadratic phase coupling(QPC) information of the engine vibration signals under different conditions. Digital image processing and fractal theory is used to extract the fractal features of the bispectrum pictures. The outcomes demonstrate that the diesel engine vibration signal bispectrum under different working conditions shows an obvious differences and the most complicated bispectrum is in the normal state. The fractal dimension of various invalid signs is novel and diverse fractal parameters were utilized to separate and characterize them. The value of the fractal dimension is consistent with the non?Gaussian intensity of the signal, so it can be used as an eigenvalue of fault diagnosis, and also be used as a non?Gaussian signal strength indicator. Consequently, a symptomatic approach in view of the hypothetical outcome is inferred and checked by the examination of vibration signals from the diesel motor. The proposed research provides the basis for on?line monitoring and diagnosis of valve train faults.     

分形维数在内燃机振动诊断中的应用

将分形理论引入内燃机的振动诊断中,根据内燃机的配气定时,着重研究了缸盖振动信号中对应燃烧段的数据,计算其关联维数,将关联维数用于刻划内燃机缸盖在气门不同状态时表现的非线性行为,从而进行故障诊断与分类。结果表明,当气门在不同状态时,缺盖振动信号中对应燃烧段数据的关联维数是不同的,可以将其作为判断气门漏气的一个诊断特征量。     

基于现代非线性理论的汽轮发电机组故障诊断技术研究

运用小波理论、分形理论和混沌理论等非线性理论,对汽轮发电机组转子故障进行了综合分析和研究。对 所测某28 MW发电机组转子在三种不同工作状态下的时间序列进行了关联维数计算、小波包分解以及最大李雅 普诺夫指数计算,并结合其相轨迹图和庞加莱截面进行了分析与研究。结果表明,小波包分解重构技术具有很强 的消噪和非平稳信号提取能力;发电机组转子在不同工作状态下其时间序列的关联维数、李雅普诺夫指数具有明 显差别,且两量值相互补充、相互对应。由此提出:关联维数、最大李雅普诺夫指数可以作为刻画发电机组机械 故障特征的综合量化指标。该研究为非线性运动系统的在线监测、故障诊断和状态预测开辟了有效途径。     

基于小波分形技术提取发动机曲轴轴承故障特征

利用小波技术对发动机曲轴轴承振动信号进行分解,对特定层的信号进行重构,并计算重构信号的分形维数,来实现发动机曲轴不同技术状态下特征提取。实验结果表明,特定频率带振动信号的分形维数更能敏感反应发动机曲轴轴承技术状态,它可以作为诊断发动机曲轴轴承故障的一个重要特征量。     

Diesel Engine Valve Clearance Fault Diagnosis Based on Features Extraction Techniques and FastICA-SVM

Numerous vibration-based techniques are rarely used in diesel engines fault diagnosis in a direct way, due to the surface vibration signals of diesel engines with the complex non-stationary and nonlinear time-varying features. To investigate the fault diagnosis of diesel engines,fractal correlation dimension, wavelet energy and entropy as features reflecting the diesel engine fault fractal and energy characteristics are extracted from the decomposed signals through analyzing vibration acceleration signals derived from the cylinder head in seven different states of valve train. An intelligent fault detector FastICA-SVM is applied for diesel engine fault diagnosis and classification.The results demonstrate that FastICA-SVM achieves higher classification accuracy and makes better generalization performance in small samples recognition. Besides,the fractal correlation dimension and wavelet energy and entropy as the special features of diesel engine vibration signal are considered as input vectors of classifier Fast ICASVM and could produce the excellent classification results.The proposed methodology improves the accuracy of feature extraction and the fault diagnosis of diesel engines.     

Vibration component separation by iteratively using stochastic resonance with different frequency-scale ratios

It is well-known that stochastic resonance (SR) is mainly used for signal denoising and weak signal detection. In this paper, we firstly find the frequency range selection characteristic (filtering characteristic) of re-scaling frequency SR (RFSR) caused by the driving frequency limitation of bistable SR. It then follows that a novel approach to separate vibration components with different frequencies by iteratively using SR is explored. The frequencies of most vibration signals exceed the driving frequency limitation, thus by use of different frequency-scale ratios, the vibration signals with different frequency range can be extracted by RFSR. Firstly, a small frequency-scale ratio is used to obtain the vibration signal with a narrow frequency range, i.e. low frequency vibration. As the output of SR may have a phase lag, a simple phase-shift correction method is proposed to improve the accuracy of signal component separation. The phase-shift corrected signal of RFSR output is separated from the original vibration signal and the residue is treated as the new vibration signal. Then, increasing the frequency-scale ratio according to a searching algorithm, the vibration signal with higher frequency can be obtained by RFSR. Through this iterative process, several harmonic vibration components can be separated from the original noisy vibration signal. The proposed method, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert vibration decomposition (HVD) are respectively applied to analyzing a simulated vibration signal and extracting the fault feature of a rotor system. The contrastive results show that this proposed method has good frequency resolution and can successfully separate monocomponent harmonic signals from a strongly noisy multicomponent harmonic vibration signal while EMD and HVD cannot.     

多重分形方法在耦合故障诊断分类中的应用研究

运用多重分形理论,提出广义维数最小二乘法的计算公式,对实测的时域信号进行了广义维数计算,得到广义维数序列值,并从广义维数中获取盒维数、信息维数、关联维数以及敏感维数。对故障样本进行功率谱分析、广义维数计算分析,找出谱能量与分形维数的关系,对用分形维数分析故障的强度提供了依据。另外运用广义维数序列和数学方法相结合提出分形诊断分类方法,用广义维数最大相关系数和广义维数序列单值优化逼近原理方法,对待检信号的耦合故障分别进行了试验数据与理论响应模拟数据的诊断、识别分类,收到了良好的一致效果。通过对转子系统故障诊断的实例说明从广义维数中提取的各分形维数都能较好地对故障状态进行诊断、识别;且耦合故障的分形诊断分类方法具有较好的实效性。     

小波·分形·神经网络故障诊断法及其在风机诊断中的应用研究

研究了分形理论、小波变换与人工神经网络相结合进行故障诊断的机理与方法。利用小波包可进行多维多分辨率的特性,对振动信号进行分解与重构,提取频带能量特征分析。选用分形理论中的离散信号分形维数计算方法,提取分形维数的特征。以K-L变换作特征降维,然后用基于梯度符号变化的局部学习率自适应误差反传算法的小波神经网络对故障状态进行分类识别。并利用这种方法本文对风机转子故障进行了诊断,结果表明这种诊断方法是完全行之有效的。     

转子碰摩的非线性运动特征及相关维数分析

在分析Ｊｅｆｆｃｏｔｔ转子碰摩模型的振动响应时,若不考虑静子振动,则碰摩转子系 统的运动具有高度非线性。本文探索了采用非线性和混沌信号的时域处理方法,通 过对碰摩转子系统响应的时间序列相空间重构及其相关维数估计,分析了碰摩转子 系统几种典型运动状态及其相应的相关维数。理论分析和计算结果表明,所估计的 相关维数在不同状态下有着显著的差别,可以对碰摩转子系统不同的状态进行分 类,对碰摩转子运动特性的研究提供了一种新的方法。