介电弹性体机电性能测试系统的研制

为了能更安全高效地测试介电弹性体的变形和应变,建立了一种介电弹性体机电性能测试系统。首先设计双向材料预拉伸机构,实现对介电弹性体薄膜进行精确的双向预拉伸,接着使用AVR单片机编写的PWM程序给介电弹性体中心的圆形电极区域逐步施加高电压,再使用高性能工业数字摄像机对介电弹性体薄膜的变化进行实时采集。最后用MATLAB编写的程序分别打开各次采集的图像,对所采集图像进行诸如灰度图、二值化、边缘提取、形态学处理等加工,获得介电弹性体中心的圆形电极区域图像面积的变化量,从而得到介电弹性体的机电特性曲线。     

基于介电弹性体的旋转步进柔性驱动器

为了适应未来小型自动化机器的驱动需求,设计并实现了一种基于单层介电弹性体薄膜的旋转步进柔性驱动器。相对于传统双轴拉伸装置,自制的八爪拉伸装置使介电弹性体薄膜的预拉伸更均匀。测试了不同预拉伸量下介电弹性体驱动器的最大形变量,确定了制作驱动单元所需的介电弹性体薄膜最佳的预拉伸量。最终通过合理的设计将棘轮机构和驱动单元相结合实现了旋转步进柔性驱动。由于介电弹性体驱动器存在迟滞现象,导致驱动器的步进频率会随着负载质量的增大而减小。通过调节驱动信号的频率,可以改变驱动器的负载能力及步进频率。试验结果表明,当驱动电压为4.53 kV,空载时驱动器步进频率最高可达2.3 Hz;负载时,最大负载为263 g,即峰值扭矩为13.15 mN·m,此时步进频率降至0.22 Hz。     

新型电致活化材料—介电弹性体的驱动特性研究

为解决微型致动器、人造肌肉、仿生机器人等新型科技研究领域短缺问题,将电活性聚合物材料—介电弹性体应用于新型驱动器研究中,开展了对弹性体材料驱动特性的相关分析.通过实验研究了影响E-ACE材料激活区(电极涂层区域)面积应变的主要因素,以寻找激活区面积应变和这些影响因素之间的关系,进而根据它们之间的关系确定能获得所需激活区...     

纯剪切模式介电弹性体发电机发电特性

为研究介电弹性体发电机的发电特性,基于COMSOL有限元软件建立了在纯剪切拉伸方式下的介电弹性体发电机有限元仿真机电耦合模型。该模型基于Yeoh超弹性材料本构,同时耦合发电机膜内静电力,根据可变电容理论对发电机电容变化及发电效果进行研究。设计了可Y向预拉伸的纯剪切拉伸装置,并在不同预拉伸条件下对发电机薄膜样本进行了拉伸实验,分析了其电容变化及发电效果。对比了仿真数据与实验结果,仿真模型的电容变化与实验测得的电容变化情况基本吻合,仿真模型一个周期内的输出电压变化与实验测得的电压变化基本吻合。实验及仿真结果表明,在相同的拉伸条件下,Y向预拉伸增大了初始电容及电容变化速率,且当Y向预拉伸λ=1时的上升电压为83V,而λ=2时的上升电压达到252V,改善了发电性能。本文提出的介电弹性体发电机新的研究方法为发电机样机设计提供了新的思路。     

介电弹性体线性驱动器研究

为满足未来机电系统对新型驱动器的需求,研究菱形介电弹性体线性驱动器。在分析驱动器工作原理的基础上,通过驱动器力—位移曲线和预载荷关系的分析,确定弹性预载荷元件。驱动器通电后能迅速响应,线性位移达到21 mm,弹性体面积变化率达到98%;驱动器失电后能迅速退回,最终退回到初始位置。通过试验分析电压和负载对驱动器的影响,试验表明：驱动器输出位移取决于电压;负载在驱动器输出力范围内对输出位移影响不大,但会影响其运动速度。并根据驱动器的特点,指出驱动器的应用范围。     

锥型介电弹性体驱动器的性能研究

介电弹性体驱动器在机器人系统、医疗机械系统以及智能驱动系统方面已经显示出广泛的应用潜能,具有结构简单、质量轻、能量密度大、效率高、变形大的优点.采用3M VHB4910介电弹性体设计并制作了锥型介电弹性体驱动器,并进行了锥型驱动器的驱动实验.测得锥型驱动器在一个通断电过程中的力一位移曲线,并计算得到驱动器的差力为1.65 N.实验结果表明锥型驱动器在通电后可以较大的线性位移,面积变化率为15.49%,断电后又能较快地恢复初始位置.同时对驱动器在一个工作周期中的做功进行分析,指出锥型驱动器可以通过多层薄膜的叠加来提高输出功.     

基于介电弹性体驱动的仿生象鼻软体驱动器设计分析

在软体机器人的发展过程中,软体驱动器结构简单化、轻量化设计一直是研究热点。受到象鼻结构与驱动原理的启发,设计了一种基于介电弹性体和多孔PDMS材料的仿生软体驱动器。首先对介电弹性体人工肌肉驱动机理进行了分析,并通过驱动变形实验确定了最大形变参数;然后设计了基于多孔PDMS材料的支撑脊柱结构,并通过压缩实验测试了力学性能;最后,通过将介电弹性体包覆在支撑脊柱外层,形成了具有圆柱结构的仿生软体驱动器。驱动实验结果表明,软体驱动器在电压激励下能够获得大角度(最大42°)连续稳定弯曲变形以及较快的响应速度。     

电活性聚合物材料及其在驱动器中的应用研究

介绍电活性聚合物(Electro-active polymer,EAP)材料的基本概念与分类,并以离子聚合物-金属复合材料(Ionicpolymer-metal composites,IPMC)和介电弹性材料(Dielectric elastomers,DE)分别作为离子型和电子型EAP材料的典型代表,详细介绍其国内外研究现状。重点介绍本课题组对上述两种材料的制备工艺、基础理论等方面的研究进展及成果。针对IPMC材料,研究了制备工艺对电极沉积的影响及工艺优化、IPMC界面物理模型、铸膜及封装技术、IPMC材料大变形机理及建模;针对DE材料,研究其电致驱动的机电耦合特性及预拉伸、温度及黏弹性对其机电耦合稳定性的影响。简要介绍本课题组在基于EAP材料的微泵、微镜头驱动器以及面向微创手术的多自由度机械臂等方面的应用研究成果。     

介电弹性体隔振平台设计与多物理场耦合仿真分析

针对航空航天等领域轻质结构的隔振问题,考虑到隔振性能和可靠性的要求,设计了一种介电弹性体半主动隔振平台,并结合自由能理论建立了该隔振系统的机电耦合动力学参激振动微分方程.将介电弹性体材料力电耦合模拟材料子程序(UMAT)嵌入Abaqus非线性有限元分析软件,进行多物理场耦合仿真分析,分析介电弹性体半主动隔振系统共振频率...     

介电型电活性聚合物圆柱驱动器特性

介电型电活性聚合物(Electroactive polymer, EAP)驱动器的动、静态特性是其合理使用及优化设计的重要依据。构建圆柱形驱动器几何模型描述其几何变形,结合EAP膜机电耦合方程推导驱动器轴向线性运动的动力学方程。驱动器的电压-位移数值计算结果显示内外层EAP膜柔性电极涂覆方式会影响驱动器位移。基于驱动器的电压位移关系,对其主要失效形式进行讨论。将基于neo-Hookean弹簧的1个时间常数黏弹性模型修正为具有2个时间常数的模型,并将2种模型运用于阶跃和周期电压激励下的驱动器动态响应研究。理论计算与试验结果的对比分析表明,2个时间常数的黏弹性模型对驱动器的动态位移描述更为准确。在周期激励电压下,提高频率会显著减小驱动器位移幅值,驱动器的“激励死区”会减小其振动中心偏移及振动幅度。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...