鱼精蛋白对延长鱼糕制品有效保存期的作用

本文用鱼精蛋白、苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾分别添加在鱼糕制品，并于１２℃和２４℃条件下保存，观察其保存效果。结果表明：添加０．８％鱼精蛋白的鱼糕在１２℃和２４℃的有效保存期分别为７ｄ和５ｄ，达到添加０．３％苯甲酸钠和０．２％山梨酸钾的效果。     

肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂在酱腌莱中的应用研究

本文主要研究在无真空包装的前提下,在酱腌菜中添加0．05％的苯甲酸钠、0．05％的山梨酸钾和不同浓度的肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂,分别在非灭菌和灭菌的包装下将其放入恒温恒湿箱内（T=35℃、R=90％）进行加速实验,对比三种防腐剂对酱腌菜的防腐保鲜效果。结合感官检查、菌落计数和大肠杆菌计数发现：肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂对酱腌菜有明显的防腐保鲜效果,无真空包装下,肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂对酱腌菜的防腐保鲜效果一般为苯甲酸钠的10-20倍,为山梨酸钾的5～10倍左右;在灭菌条件下添加量为0．2％时,保存84d仅有轻微颜色发暗的现象,酱腌菜的质地、口感和气味均无明显的变化。     

延长鲜切面货架期的研究

研究了酒精，脱氢乙酸，二丁基羟基甲苯，对羟基苯甲酸丙酯，山梨酸钾，过氧化苯甲酰，叔丁基对苯二酚，鹿蹄草8种防腐剂在恒温冷藏下（4℃～8℃）对鲜切面保藏期的影响，得出了有效延长鲜切面保藏期的防腐剂组合：脱氢乙酸0．06％，山梨酸钾0．06％，酒精4％（均以面粉添加量计），可延长鲜切面保存时间24～48h。     

紫外分光光度法同时测定饮料中山梨酸钾和苯甲酸钠

介绍了饮料中山梨酸钾和苯甲酸钠的紫外分光光度法同时测定方法。实验表明该方法可快速准确地测定饮料中的山梨酸钾和苯甲酸钠，样品中山梨酸钾最小检出限为0．00067g/L，回收率为92％-94％；苯甲酸钠最小检出限为0．0014g／L，回收率为94％-96％。     

竹汁贮藏保鲜方法及对竹汁质量的影响

研究了天然竹汁的保鲜方法，探讨了不同保鲜方法对竹汁加工特性及某些组成成分的影响，筛选出适宜的保鲜方法，结果表明鲜竹汁经８５℃加热灭菌２０ｍｉｎ后添加０．０５％苯甲酸钠０．０２％山梨酸钾，并密封保存效果较好。经此方法处理的竹汁贮藏１个月，其加工特性和组成成分均较稳定。     

糖水菠萝罐头的防腐研究

研究了苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾两种防腐剂对糖水菠萝罐头在短期内的防腐效果。研究结果表明,在相同条件下,山梨酸钾的防腐效果较苯甲酸钠好。灭菌时间在20min以上、400～600mg/kg的苯甲酸钠可使开罐后的糖水菠萝罐头在室温下保存一周,超过800mg/kg的苯甲酸钠和超过400mg/kg的山梨酸钾则可使其保存时间延长至10d以上。     

红薯茎叶汁对酱油保鲜作用研究

红薯茎叶汁具有一定抗菌、抗氧化作用,可以用作食品防腐剂.以酱油为试材,以不添加任何防腐剂的酱油为对照,对苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾及红薯茎叶汁的保鲜作用进行了研究.结果表明,红薯茎叶汁的添加量在3％～5％之间对酱油感官指标无影响,并能抑制细菌、酵母菌、大肠杆菌的生长,起到保鲜作用;0.05％山梨酸钾+3％红薯茎叶汁处理的酱油无论在处理第10d、20d、40d,其酵母菌数量均极显著低于0.1％苯甲酸钠和0.05％苯甲酸钠+3％红薯茎叶汁.通过比较得出,0.05％山梨酸钾+3％红薯茎叶汁处理具有最佳保鲜效果.     

肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂在酱腌菜中的应用研究

本文主要研究在无真空包装的前提下,在酱腌菜中添加0. 05%的苯甲酸钠、0. 05%的山梨酸钾和不同浓度的肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂,分别在非灭菌和灭菌的包装下将其放入恒温恒湿箱内(T=35℃,R=90%)进行加速实验,对比三种防腐剂对酱腌菜的防腐保鲜效果.结合感官检查、菌落计数和大肠杆菌计数发现:肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂对酱腌菜有明显的防腐保鲜效果,无真空包装下,肉桂酸复配型天然防腐刑对酱腌菜的防腐保鲜效果-殷为苯甲酸钠的10-20倍,为山梨酸钾的5-10倍左右;在灭菌条件下添加量为0. 2%时,保存84 d仅有轻微颜色发暗的现象,酱腌菜的质地、口感和气味均无明显的变化.     

香柚瓣贮藏保鲜技术研究

运用保鲜剂、低温、简易气调、辐照等综合措施对去皮香柚瓣贮藏技术进行了初步研究。结果表明：香柚去皮分瓣后，用0．15％山梨酸钾和0．15％苯甲酸钠的酸性溶液浸渍，用0．6％的CaCl2和0．5％的酶藻酸钠被膜，再用纸包装，经Co^60辐射处理，柚瓣在3－4℃下可贮藏35d。     

盐水鸭非致冷贮藏保鲜试验研究

在原有真空包装及微波处理的技术基础上,将国产Nisin及其他防腐保鲜剂用于盐水鸭非致冷条件(30℃)贮藏,结果单纯使用天然防腐保鲜剂Nisin和/或NaL,效果有限,最多不超过10d。进一步添加山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠等化学防腐剂,效果显著,最长可保存到25d不超标,但添加量较高。Nisin、NaL对盐水鸭感观质量无不良影响。     

Effect of extracting time and temperature on yield of gelatin from different fish offal

The aim of the study was to determine the optimal conditions for preparing gelatin from different kinds of fish offal: heads and backbones of Baltic cod, skins of fresh and cold-smoked salmon, and skins of salted and marinated herrings. The yield of gelatin extraction at 45 °C was 71–75% for fresh salmon skins or cod backbones, and 86%, for smoked salmon skins. When heating marinated herring skins for 15 min or salted herring skins for 45 min, about 100% of collagen was converted to gelatin. For fish skins, 45 °C and 15–60 min extraction time, depending on the kind of skins, were established as optimal conditions for preparing gelatin. The yield of gelatin extraction from the cod heads did not exceed 70%, even when a three stages process was used. In the case of backbones, 100% of collagen in the form of gelatin was isolated using this procedure. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that gelatin from fish skins was much less degraded than gelatin from pigskins.     

Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of fish soluble concentrate by commercial proteases

Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) was produced from fish soluble concentrate (FSC), a by-product from canned fish industry, by using Flavourzyme™ and Kojizyme™. Hydrolysis conditions were optimized by using a response surface methodology (RSM). The model equations were proposed with regard to the effects of temperature (T), time (t), and enzyme concentration (E) on the degree of hydrolysis (DH). The optimum values for Flavourzyme™ concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, and hydrolysis time were found to be 50 LAPU/g protein, 20% (w/w), 45 °C, and 6 h, respectively (LAPU; Leucine Aminopeptidase Unit). While those values for Kojizyme™ were 40 LAPU/g protein, 20% (w/w), 50 °C, and 6 h, respectively. Kojizyme™ enhanced the formation of some bitter-taste amino acids such as tryptophan during hydrolysis process whereas Flavourzyme™ did not. The spray-dried FPH produced with Flavourzyme™ contained high protein content (66%). The bitterness of FPH was less than that of 1 ppm caffeine solution.     

Phenotypic and genetic evaluations of biogenic amine production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from fish and fish products

In this work, biogenic amine production (histamine, tyramine and putrescine) by a collection of 74 lactic acid bacteria of aquatic origin has been investigated by means of amino acid decarboxylation by growth on decarboxylase differential medium, biogenic amine detection by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and decarboxylase gene detection by PCR. None of the evaluated strains showed neither production of histamine and putrescine, nor presence of the genetic determinants encoding the corresponding decarboxylase activities. However, the tyrosine decarboxylase gene (tdc) was present in all the enterococcal strains, and tyramine production was detected by TLC in all of them but Enterococcus faecium BCS59 and MV5. Analysis of the tyrosine decarboxylase operon of these strains revealed the presence of an insertion sequence upstream tdc that could be responsible for their lack of tyrosine decarboxylase activity.     

Production and quality of fish fingers from different fish species

Abstract Production of fish fingers was achieved by using fish species such as sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Walbaum, 1792), whiting (Merlangius merlangus, Linnaeus, 1758) and pike perch (Sander lucioperca, Linnaeus, 1758). Quality changes of battered fish patties during a period of 8 months at –18 °C were investigated. According to the results of microbiological and chemical analysis, fish fingers were found to be within acceptable limits during frozen storage for 8 months. However, sensory analysis showed that, at the end of the frozen storage, fish fingers made from sardine could not be consumed because of rancidity.     

Iodine content of cooked and processed fish in Turkey

This study evaluates the effects of different cooking (grilling, frying and steaming) and processing (smoking, salting, marinating and drying) methods on iodine contents of valuable marine and freshwater fish species commonly consumed in Turkey. The highest mean iodine content of cooked fish was determined to be 3.760 mg kg^?1, 2.788 mg kg^?1, 5.831 mg kg^?1 and 6.161 mg kg^?1 in grilled anchovy, horse mackerel, Atlantic Bonito and whiting, 0.914 mg kg^?1, 1.452 mg kg^?1, 3.106 mg kg^?1 in steamed bluefish, red mullet. The highest mean iodine content of processed fish was determined to be 2.149 mg kg^?1 in smoked mackerel, 0.701 mg kg^?1 in salted Bonito, 1.128 mg kg^?1 in dried horse mackerel and 7.283 mg kg^?1 in marinated anchovy. This iodine values are also above the Upper Tolerable Nutrient Level of 100–150 μg day^?1 iodine.     

食用生鱼片安全性研究

为研究生食鱼片的安全性,选择上海市５０户从事生鱼片加工的餐饮业,于３月和８月对其生产加工环节进行了卫生学调查,分别检查甲肝病毒、肠道病毒、寄生虫、并按国家标准进行微生物检验。结果１７５份生鱼片试样中未检出沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌等致病菌和活的寄生虫及其囊蚴。菌落总和何均数为１１４８１．５４ｃｆｕ／ｇ,合格的占６８．６％。大肠菌群几何均数为２０８．９３ＭＰＮ／１００ｇ,合格的占５５．４％,根据调查结果提出     

Mercury in UK imported fish and shellfish and UK-farmed fish and their products

Total mercury concentrations were measured in fish and shellfish and their products imported into the UK and also in UK-produced farmed salmon and trout. Three hundred and thirty-six samples were collected using a two-stage sampling plan. The sample plan was weighted to reflect consumption, but with some bias towards fish that might accumulate higher levels of mercury, such as large predatory fish at the top of the food chain. The highest levels of total mercury were found in billfish (swordfish and marlin) and shark. Mercury concentrations in the five samples of fresh/frozen shark ranged from 1.006 to 2.200 mg kg -1 , all above the European Commission limit for the species, and concentrations in 20 samples of fresh/frozen billfish ranged from 0.153 to 2.706 mg kg -1 with 13 samples above the 1.0 mg kg -1 limit for the species. One sample of Antarctic ice fish was collected and had a mercury concentration of 0.664 mg kg -1 . The limit for this species was 0.5 mg kg -1 . One sample of fresh/frozen tuna out of the 20 collected had a mercury concentration above the limit of 1.0 mg kg -1 (1.5 mg kg -1 ), but all other fresh tuna samples were well within the regulatory limit (average 0.4 mg kg -1 ). Mercury concentrations in canned tuna were lower with concentrations on average half that measured in fresh/frozen tuna. Mercury concentrations in UK-farmed salmon and trout were relatively low. The maximum concentration found in 46 samples of fresh/frozen or smoked trout and salmon was 0.103 mg kg -1 .     

鱼油微胶囊食品的开发与研究

鱼油中含有ＥＰＡ、ＤＨＡ等多烯不饱和脂肪酸，具有良好的保健作用。但由于ＥＰＡ、ＤＨＡ有高度不饱和性，极易氧化，而且鱼油本身又带有一定腥味。直接把它作为食品强化剂有相当大的难度。本文对以ＴＢＨＱ作鱼油的抗氧化剂，以海藻酸钠作囊壁材料，用锐孔法对鱼油微胶囊化加工强化食品的方法进行了研究     

两宗淡水鱼污染克伦特罗引起食物中毒的调查与分析

20 0 2年 7月 2 9日和 8月 10日 ,在江苏省 2个城市分别发生 5 0人和 4 0人的因食用受克伦特罗污染的淡水鱼引起的食物中毒。潜伏期 0 5～ 3h ,主要症状头痛、心悸、恶心、心率加快 ,最快者达 15 0次 min ,用GC -MS检测引起食物中毒的鱼、养鱼池的水 ,检出克伦特罗 ,检出范围为 4 0～10 0 μg kg。根据流行病学调查 ,临床表现和实验室的检测结果 ,确认两城市的中毒均是克伦特罗引起的食物中毒。     

Activity of caffeic acid in different fish lipid matrices: A review

Caffeic acid, a hydroxycinnamic acid common in different vegetable sources, has been employed as a natural antioxidant for inhibiting oxidation of fish lipids present in different food matrices. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms involved in the antioxidative and prooxidative effects of caffeic acid found in different model systems containing fish lipids. These model systems include bulk fish oils, liposomes from cod roe phospholipids, fish oil emulsions, washed cod mince, regular horse mackerel mince and a fish oil fortified fitness bar. The data reported show that the antioxidant activity depends on the physical state of the lipids and the composition of the intrinsic matrix in which they are situated. Caffeic acid significantly prevented rancidity in both unwashed and washed fish mince, the latter which was fortified with haemoglobin. In the unwashed mince, the activity was however clearly dependent on the lipid to antioxidant ratio. In these systems, an important redox cycle between caffeic acid and the endogenous reducing agents ascorbic acid and tocopherol were further thought to play an important role for the protective effects. The effect of caffeic acid was also highly dependent on the storage temperature, showing higher effectiveness above than below 0 °C. Caffeic acid was not able to inhibit oxidation of bulk fish oils, fish oil in water emulsions and the fish-oil enriched fitness bar. In the liposome system, caffeic acid inhibited haemoglobin (Hb)-promoted oxidation but strongly mediated Fe²⁺ mediated oxidation. In conclusion, caffeic acid can significantly prevent Hb-mediated oxidation in fish muscle foods but its activity in food emulsions and liposomes is highly dependent on the pH, the emulsifier used and the prooxidants present.