橄榄酚类提取物的抗氧化性能

为进一步开发利用橄榄中的酚类物质,文中通过测定橄榄酚类提取物的铁离子还原能力、亚铁离子螯合能力,及对2,2'-氨基-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)自由基(ABTS+.)、1,1-二苯-2-苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH.)、羟基自由基(.OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)的清除能力,以考察橄榄酚类提取物的体外抗氧化性能,并与食品抗氧化剂丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)和Vc进行对比。结果表明:橄榄酚类提取物具有较好的体外抗氧化性能,其ABTS+.、DPPH.清除率分别高达99%和95%以上,.OH、O2-.清除率可达50%左右,铁离子还原力约1 700μmol/L Trolox,亚铁离子螯合率最高为14.9%。且提取物ABTS+.、DPPH.和.OH清除能力及铁离子还原能力均强于BHA和Vc,而O2-.清除能力强于BHA但弱于Vc。另外,橄榄酚类粗提物和纯化物相同浓度下的ABTS+.、DPPH.、.OH清除能力和铁离子还原能力相当(P>0.05),而其O2-.清除能力和亚铁离子螯合能力表现有所差异。     

顶孢霉发酵液提取物清除自由基能力的研究

为了研究筛选出的具有抗氧化活性的2株顶孢霉的发酵液提取物清除自由基的能力,本研究制备了2株顶孢霉的发酵液提取物,比较了其清除O2-·、·OH和DPPH·三种自由基的能力.结果表明:2株顶孢霉发酵液提取物的相对还原力(即总抗氧化活性)均显著高于维生素E;对O2-·自由基的清除率也均高于维生素E,其中,菌株YX015更为高效,在1.0mg/mL浓度时对O2-·自由基的清除率达到49.15%;2菌株清除·OH和DPPH·的能力均显著弱于维生素E,但都高于其自身清除O2-·的能力,在浓度达到1.0mg/mL时,菌株CA022对·OH的清除率为60.43%;菌株YX015对·OH的清除率为83.33%.     

云南墨红玫瑰花色素粗提物的体外抗氧化活性研究

以新鲜云南墨红玫瑰花色素粗提物为原料,测定其总酚含量、清除1,1-二苯基苯肼自由基(DPPH.)、羟自由基(.OH)及2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基(ABTS+)能力和铁离子还原力,评价其体外抗氧化活性。另外通过MTT实验,测定其对人结肠癌细胞Caco-2的存活度的影响。结果表明,玫瑰花色素粗提物总酚含量为5.73 mg/mL;在100～500μg/mL浓度范围内,随浓度增加,清除率和铁离子还原能力逐渐增强,其清除率能力大小为:DPPH..OHABTS~+.;MTT实验结果表明,Caco-2细胞与空白组相比,存活率为53.02%。云南墨红玫瑰色素粗提物表现出有较好的体外抗氧化活性,为今后对天然且兼具生理功能的玫瑰色素的深入研究提供了理论基础。     

鲨鱼肉酶解物的抗氧化作用及其稳定性研究

以还原能力和金属离子螯合能力、清除DPPH·、O2-·、OH·自由基能力为指标,考察鲨鱼肉酶解物的抗氧化活性,同时以清除自由基DPPH·的活性为指标,分析温度和pH值对其抗氧化作用稳定性的影响。结果表明:鲨鱼肉酶解液产物具有一定的还原能力和金属离子螯合能力,其清除DPPH·、O2-·、OH·自由基的IC50值分别为10.16、23.71、19.82mg/mL。酶解产物耐热性强;在酸性环境中,鲨鱼肉酶解液能较好地保持其抗氧化活性,但在碱性环境中抗氧化活性丧失较快。     

豌豆低聚肽硒螯合物的体外抗氧化作用

以豌豆低聚肽和亚硒酸钠为原料,经螯合工艺制得豌豆低聚肽硒螯合物,研究其水分、粗蛋白、酸溶蛋白、分子质量分布情况,然后从DPPH自由基、OH自由基清除能力和还原能力3个方面对螯合原料和螯合物进行抗氧化功能评价与对比。结果表明,螯合得率为27.87%,水分含量为(14.17±1.12)%,酸溶蛋白占粗蛋白的比例为97.28%。分子质量分布在1000 u以下的比例占93.45%。螯合原料中亚硒酸钠仅对OH自由基有较强清除能力;豌豆低聚肽对DPPH和OH自由基清除的IC50=(3.39±0.02)mg/mL和(23.55±0.07)mg/mL,并具有一定的Fe3+还原能力。豌豆低聚肽硒螯合物清除DPPH自由基、OH自由基能力及还原能力均比豌豆低聚肽有所提高。     

蚕豆壳中原花青素的提取及抗氧化性研究

从蚕豆壳中提取原花青素,研究了原花青素粗提物对·OH和DPPH·的清除能力、还原能力以及抗脂质过氧化能力.结果显示,粗提物浓度在0.05mg/mL时,对·OH的清除率达到92.00%;浓度在0.10mg/mL时.对DPPH·的清除率达到90.87%;浓度在0.20mg/mL时,对脂质过氧化的抑制率达到56.41%.此外,原花青素粗提物还具有一定的还原能力.实验结果表明,从蚕豆壳中提取的原花青素粗提物具有较强的体外抗氧化活性.     

多指标评价L-赖氨酸-D-阿拉伯糖美拉德反应产物抗氧化活性

以L-赖氨酸和D-阿拉伯糖为美拉德反应底物来制备美拉德反应产物(MRPs),BHA、抗坏血酸和茶多酚为对照,通过对二苯基苦酰肼自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、亚硝酸盐(NO_2~-)的清除作用及还原能力的测定,多指标对MRPs的抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明:在试验范围内,MRPs与BHA、抗坏血酸和茶多酚3种对照样品的抗氧化活性均表现出一定的量效关系,其清除活性及还原能力均随添加量的增加而增强,MRPs添加量为0.3 mL时对DPPH·、·OH、NO_2~-的清除率和还原力分别为55.16%、6.22%、16.77%和0.199。从总体上看,MRPs对DPPH·的清除率最好,对·OH的清除率最差。抗氧化活性高于抗坏血酸而低于茶多酚和BHA。     

海带多酚的纯化及其抗氧化活性研究

利用XDA-l大孔吸附树脂纯化海带多酚,并通过测定1,1-二联苯基-2-苦肼自由基(DPPH.)、羟自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O-2.)清除率,还原力,亚油酸体系脂质过氧化抑制活性及Fe2+的螯合作用研究其抗氧化活性。结果表明,XDA-l大孔吸附树脂能有效提高海带多酚的纯度。海带多酚对DPPH.、.OH、O-2.都有较强的清除活性,其中对.OH清除活性显著高于茶多酚,DPPH.清除活性与茶多酚相当;其还原力和抑制亚油酸过氧化能力高于茶多酚;其螯合Fe2+能力与抑制亚油酸过氧化能力一致。海带多酚具有较强的抗氧化活性,是一类潜在的海洋生物天然抗氧化剂。     

树舌胞内多糖抗氧化活性的研究

目的:探讨树舌胞内多糖(GAPS)体外抗氧化作用.方法:从清除超氧阴离子自由基、抑制羟基自由基的产生、清除DPPH自由基和还原力4个方面,研究了树舌胞内多糖的体外抗氧化效果.结果:树舌胞内多糖有较强的还原力,并在体外对超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)、羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH有机自由基有较强的清除作用.树舌胞内多糖浓度为1.0mg/mL时,其清除O-2·能力为36.36%;对于·OH,在浓度为2.5mg/mL时,清除率达到56.97%;对于DPPH·,在浓度为1.0mg/mL时,清除率达到45.31%;当树舌胞内多糖浓度为0.5mg/mL时的还原能力与0.03mg/mLVc,相当.结论:树舌胞内多糖具有抗氧化方面的应用开发前景.     

紫苏水提取物抗氧化活性评价

研究紫苏水提物抗氧化活性.以3%硼砂水溶液为溶剂,提取紫苏中活性成分,制备紫苏水提物;通过微生物活性纸片法研究紫苏水提物对单线态氧的清除作用及表观抗氧化率,证明其抗氧化活性;测定紫苏水提物的还原力、对DPPH自由基的清除能力,并和抗坏血酸进行比较.结果表明:紫苏水提物为一种有效的抗氧化剂,有效浓度为0.12mg/mL紫苏水提物相当于0.04mg/mL抗坏血酸的还原力;对DPPH自由基有明显的清除能力,在活性成分为0.2mg/mL时,其清除率达到91.93%,相当于0.12%抗坏血酸的清除率.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.