香菇营养面包的研制

以面包粉和香菇粉为原料,通过对香菇粉、白砂糖、酵母的添加量进行研究,生产出一种新型的营养面包。结果表明,香菇营养面包的生产工艺条件为:面包粉100 g、香菇粉1.5 g、糖20 g、酵母1.5 g,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间90 min,醒发温度32℃,醒发时间1 h,烘烤温度为上火190℃,底火200℃,烘烤时间15 min。在此工艺下制作的面包外观和内在质量都较好,风味能被消费者接受。     

籽粒苋保健面包的研制（Ⅱ）——籽粒苋对赖氨酸和膳食纤维的营养强化作用

以5%、10%、15%、20%、25%籽粒苋粉代替小麦粉,制成籽粒苋保健面包,对这类面包中赖氨酸、膳食纤维含量进行分析,结果表明籽粒苋粉能明显提高赖氨酸和膳食纤维的含量,特别是能改善可溶性膳食纤维与不溶性膳食纤维的配比,与全麦粉面包相比,籽粒苋面包中蛋白质的提高率为0.58%-6.91%,赖氨酸含量提高率为13.50%-56.57%,总膳食纤维提高8.26%-39.45%,不溶性膳食纤维提高7.91%-33.33%,可溶性膳食纤维提高9.76%-65.85%;而脂肪的含量则随籽粒苋粉的增加而减少,由于籽粒苋对赖氨酸和膳食纤维具有织经作用,使籽粒苋保健面包可以作为高脂血症、糖尿病和肥胖人群的理想食品。     

红平菇面包的加工工艺

以面粉、红平菇为原料,通过对面团配比、发酵、醒发以及烘烤等工艺参数的研究,生产出一种新型面包.结果表明菇类面包的生产工艺条件为:高筋面粉100 g、4 g红平菇粉、20 g蔗糖、1.3 g干酵母,发酵温度为28℃,发酵时间为90min,醒发温度为35℃,醒发时间为120min,烘烤温度为面火190℃,底火200℃,烘烤时间为10 min.在此工艺下制作的面包外观质量和内在质量都较好,风味能被消费者所接受,而且,营养价值高于普通面包,其中,蛋白质含量增加了2.3%,膳食纤维增加了0.4%,灰分增加了0.2%,脂肪含量减少了0.6%,淀粉减少了2%.     

籽粒苋保健面包的研制(II)——籽粒苋对赖氨酸和膳食纤维的营养强化作用

以 5%、10 %、15%、2 0 %、2 5%籽粒苋粉代替小麦粉 ,制成籽粒苋保健面包。对这类面包中赖氨酸、膳食纤维含量进行分析 ,结果表明籽粒苋粉能明显提高赖氨酸和膳食纤维的含量 ,特别是能改善可溶性膳食纤维与不溶性膳食纤维的配比。与全麦粉面包相比 ,籽粒苋面包中蛋白质的提高率为 0 .58%～ 6 .91% ,赖氨酸含量提高率为 13.50 %～ 56 .57% ,总膳食纤维提高 8.2 6 %～ 39.4 5% ,不溶性膳食纤维提高 7.91%～33.33% ,可溶性膳食纤维提高 9.76 %～ 6 5.85% ;而脂肪的含量则随籽粒苋粉的增加而减少。由于籽粒苋对赖氨酸和膳食纤维具有强化作用 ,使籽粒苋保健面包可以作为高脂血症、糖尿病和肥胖人群的理想食品     

燕麦粉添加量对面包营养组分含量和淀粉体外消化性的影响

采用不同量的燕麦粉(10%、30%、50%)替代部分高筋粉,经一次发酵法制备燕麦面包,研究燕麦粉添加量对面包营养特性和淀粉体外消化特性的影响。结果表明:随着燕麦粉添加量的增加,燕麦面包比容逐渐降低,而蛋白质、水分、灰分、脂肪和植酸的含量逐渐升高。体外模拟消化分析发现,燕麦面包中淀粉的体外消化性显著下降(p0.05)。     

配方和工艺的改变对法式面包产品的影响

1．法式面包配方小麦份100水61．4盐1．8活性干酵母1．0酵母爱料0.5麦芽0.1抗坏血酸30mg/kg；①小麦粉含蛋白质10.9％，灰分0．5％，水份12.2%。③酵母食料为Nh4C19,6％，CaSO425％，小麦粉65.4％。③麦芽降落值调整至230秒。2加工工艺面团调制→发酵（28℃，80－85％，rh，70min）→分割搓圆→静置（自然通风室内15min）→成型→醒发（30℃，85－90％rh）→形成表皮，中间切维→烘烤（220℃，18min）3实验结果3．1吸水量的改变对法式面包产品的影响当吸水量为56％时，得到的是非常硬的面团。吸水量从58％增加至60％时，面包比客由4．32cm…     

麦胚馒头的工艺与品质研究

对麦胚馒头的工艺过程及影响因素进行了探讨,通过单因素试验和正交试验研究了全脂麦胚馒头的工艺条件,得到了最佳工艺参数,即:麦胚粗细度60目,麦胚粉添加量9%,和面加水量55%,和面水温30℃,发酵温度32℃,发酵时N70 min,醒发时间30 min,醒发温度36℃.在馒头中添加全脂麦胚,提高了馒头中蛋白质、脂肪、纤维素、维生素及铁、锌等营养元素含量,使馒头的营养更加全面合理,并改善了馒头的口感、风味,同时使小麦胚得到了更好的开发利用.     

脱皮对紫糯小麦粉特性和面包焙烤品质的影响

研究了不同脱皮时间下制得紫糯小麦粉的理化特性和面团的流变特性,以及对面包焙烤品质和贮藏过程中老化程度的影响。紫糯小麦的脱皮时间分别设定为0、1、3、5、7 min,相当于约0%、1%、3%、5%、9%的皮层被去除。结果表明,随着紫糯小麦脱皮时间的延长,小麦粉的出粉率提高,蛋白质和灰分含量及面团的粉质和拉伸特性也发生改变。脱皮5 min后制得的紫糯小麦粉以15%比例添加到普通面包粉中,面包含水量显著增加,体积和质量呈增大趋势,并且面包结构变好,面包评分显著上升。此外,添加紫糯小麦粉的面包较长时间放置后仍然松软,能有效延迟贮藏期间面包的老化,在一定程度上延长了其货架期。     

利用夏果饼粕制作饼干的研究

对夏果饼粕中脂肪、蛋白质、灰分进行测定.得出夏果饼粕中脂肪质量分数为38.73％,蛋白质质量分数为20.76％,灰分质量分数为3.40％.将夏果饼粕粉以不同添加量添加到饼干配方中,并测定不同添加量饼干的硬度及脆度.得出随着添加量的增加,饼干的硬度和脆度都逐渐降低.最后对饼干进行感官评价,得出夏果饼粕粉添加量为50％时最受人们欢迎.     

葛根黑豆黑米蜂蜜保健馒头研制

通过单因素试验及正交试验研究了葛根、黑豆、黑米、蜂蜜保健馒头的最佳工艺,结果表明,葛根、黑豆、黑米、蜂蜜、小麦粉混合的最佳配比是葛根粉添加量15%、黑豆粉添加量12%、黑米粉添加量10%、小麦粉添加量100%、蜂蜜添加量6%。馒头制作的最佳工艺条件为加水量50%、发酵温度38℃、湿度88%,发酵时间40 min,成型后在温度38℃、湿度88%条件下再次醒发15 min,沸水蒸制20 min,取出冷却到室温。此条件下生产的馒头具有较好的品质和较高的营养价值。     

Total phenolic and total flavonoid content,antioxidant activity and sensory evaluation of pseudocereal breads

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of adding (in two different doses 15% and 30%) pseudocereal (buckwheat, amaranth and quinoa) flour on the antioxidant properties and sensory value of breads. Buckwheat flour had the highest phenolic content (7.25 ± 0.23 mg/g dw). The content of total flavonoids in flours was about 2–4 fold higher when compared to breads. The addition of buckwheat flour to wheat bread, particularly in higher dose, was more effective in enhancing antioxidant activity, as evaluated by means of FRAP and DPPH, which increased by 2.36 fold, and 3.64 fold respectively, in comparison with other pseudocereal flours (amaranth, quinoa), which caused, in higher doses, the changes of above parameters within the ranges 1.20–1.79 fold, and 0.60–1.71 fold. Analysis of sensory results of breads showed that addition of buckwheat flour to the dough might improve subjective properties of bread and increase acceptable quality attributes such as taste, colour or odour. All these observations suggest that addition of buckwheat flour into bread can improve antioxidant as well as sensory properties of bread. Bread fortified with pseudocereal flours, and especially with buckwheat flour, may be placed on the market as a functional food.     

Application of phytases from bifidobacteria in the development of cereal-based products with amaranth

The effects of the inclusion of purified phytases from Bifidobacterium longum spp. infantis ATCC15697 and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ATCC27919 on phytate (InsP ₆) levels were analyzed during breadmaking process. Two different levels of whole amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) flour (25 and 50 %) were used in bread dough preparation, and they were compared to control doughs made with 100 % wheat flour and 100 % whole wheat flour. Bread samples made with 50 % of amaranth flour showed a significant decrease in technological quality parameters in comparison with control white breads. However, a 25 % of amaranth flour improved the nutritional value of the bread, with only a slight depreciation in the quality. Addition of bifidobacterial phytases resulted in higher InsP ₆ degradation compared with a commercial fungal phytase, without affecting the bread quality. InsP ₆ reduction was especially efficient in breads with 25 % amaranth, leading to InsP ₆ levels below the threshold of mineral bioavailability inhibition for Fe and Zn in human nutrition.     

Insects as ingredients for bakery goods. A comparison study of H. illucens,A. domestica and T. molitor flours

Due to a rising demand for proteins, food industry is considering new alternative protein sources that can be used for human food. The aim of this research was to explore the potential use of insects' flour as protein-rich ingredient for bakery products. Hermetia illucens, Acheta domestica and Tenebrio molitor were ground and used to replace 5% wheat flour in doughs and breads. The protein content of the insect flours ranged from 45% to 57% (d.m.) and fat content from 27% to 36% (d.m.). The inclusion of insects' flour affected the rheological properties (water absorption and stability), of dough during mixing, having less water adsorption. Breadmaking process could be carried out with all the composite flours. Breads containing A. domestica flour showed similar specific volume and texture parameters than wheat bread, but with higher content of proteins and fibers. Globally, results confirmed the usefulness of insects' flour for making breads with improved nutritional value.Industrial relevanceThis study evaluated the potential application of three different insects as protein source ingredients for bakery products. Results confirm that insects flour could be added to replace wheat flour in breads without significantly affecting dough properties and leading to breads with acceptable technological quality and improved nutritional profile.     

不同比例全麦粉全麦面包的感官品质和稳糖效果比较

以不同全麦粉比例（50%、70%、90%、100%）的全麦面包为原料，通过分析不同全麦面包的色度和基本成分，并进行感官评价、人体血糖测试试验，研究不同比例全麦粉全麦面包感官品质和稳糖效果的变化。结果表明：随着全麦粉比例增加，不同全麦面包面包芯的颜色变深，4种全麦面包总体评分在76.57~83.29，都在消费者可接受范围内。以不同全麦粉比例（50%、70%、90%、100%）的全麦面包膳食纤维含量在相比于全麦粉比例为50%、70%的全麦面包，全麦粉比例为90%、100%的全麦面包膳食纤维含量显著增加（P<0.05），直链淀粉含量显著降低（P<0.05）。人体血糖值测试研究表明：不同全麦粉比例全麦面包血糖指数（Glycemic Index，GI）值分别为70.28、64.76、45.47、43.43，其中全麦比例为50%的全麦面包为高GI食品，全麦比例为70%的全麦面包为中GI食品，全麦比例为90%、100%的全麦面包为低GI食品。综上所述，相比于全麦粉比例为50%、70%的全麦面包，全麦粉比例为90%、100%的全麦面包面包品质和稳糖效果较好。该结果为轻食系列产品提供理论参考。     

大豆分离蛋白与小麦粉复配对面制食品品质影响的研究进展

综述了添加大豆分离蛋白对面条、面包、馒头等面制品食用品质的影响,得出在小麦粉中添加适量的大豆分离蛋白后,能够使其蛋白质含量增加,有效地改善面制品的食用品质、面筋强度、流变学性质、营养价值,延长其货架期。     

Quality and antioxidant properties of bread containing turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivated in South Korea

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder was used to substitute 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of wheat flour for making turmeric wheat breads. Proximate composition, physical quality, functional components (curcumin and total phenols) and antioxidant properties of breads containing turmeric were analysed and compared with those of wheat bread. Hardness, crumb colour a and b values, curcumin content and total phenolic contents of breads significantly increased with the addition of turmeric powder. Water activity, specific volume and crumb colour L value of breads decreased with the addition of turmeric powder. Breads containing turmeric powder also showed good antioxidant activity as tested by the β-carotene-linoleate bleaching assay. A 4% substitution of wheat flour with turmeric powder showed acceptable sensory scores which were comparable to wheat bread. Breads containing turmeric powder can thus be developed as a health-promoting functional food.     

Whole and Defatted Hyperproteic Amaranth Flours Tested as Wheat Flour Supplementation in Mold Breads

Whole and defatted hyperproteic amaranth flours, 0.41 and 0.51 (dry basis) protein contents (N × 6.25), respectively, were used for wheat flour supplementation to raise bread protein and lysine content. Tests were carried out by mold bread manufacture. Replacement ratios of 0.04, 0.08 and 0.12 with both hyperproteic amaranth flours were tested, without severe modifications in bread quality at low replacement ratios for the whole hyperproteic amaranth flour, while the defatted one only allowed a 0.04 replacement. The protein content of the supplemented flours was increased with the replacement ratio from 0.122 of wheat flour to 0.133, 0.145 and 0.156 for the whole hyperproteic amaranth flour substitution, on the other hand, substitution by defatted hyperproteic amaranth flour increases the protein content to 0.137, 0.153 and 0.168.     

Investigation of product quality, sensory profile and ultrastructure of breads made from a range of commercial gluten-free flours compared to their wheat counterparts

Bread is a major staple food consumed daily in all parts of the world. A significant part of the human population cannot tolerate gluten, a storage protein found in wheat, rye and barley, and therefore, products made from alternative cereals are required. During this study, the bread-making potential of seven gluten-free flours, wheat and wholemeal wheat flour was compared. Fermentation potential of the different flours was determined, showing that dough development height of gluten-free and wholemeal wheat samples was lower than for wheat and oat flour. Apart from standard bread quality parameters such as loaf-specific volume and physical crumb texture, also water activity and shelf life have been determined. The shelf life of gluten-free breads was reduced compared to wheat bread. Aroma profiles were evaluated by a trained panel. Wheat, oat and wholemeal wheat breads were liked moderately, while the remaining samples had lower liking scores. Crumb grain characteristics were investigated using image analysis, and microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Overall, only breads produced from oat flour were of similar quality to wheat bread, and the utilization of buckwheat, rice, maize, quinoa, sorghum and teff flours resulted in breads of inferior quality.     

Dough and bread qualities of flours with whole waxy wheat flour substitution

Whole wheat flour has been developed as fiber-rich food for healthy bowel function. In this study, whole waxy wheat flour (WWF) was characterized and applied for breadmaking with the hope that breads made from WWF would improve the quality based on the superior properties of the waxy flour in retardation of bread staling. WWF had significantly higher protein, ash and dietary fiber contents (13.5%, 1.6% and 15.3%, respectively), but lower lipid content (0.8%) than commercial white flour (CWF). Amounts of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber in WWF were 4.1% and 11.2% (% total weight), respectively. WWF had lower pasting temperature and viscosities than CWF. Dough made from WWF increased water absorption and showed lower stability during mixing than that from CWF. The high amount of dietary fiber diluted the gluten protein in dough during mixing to form weak and inextensible dough. Bread made from whole waxy wheat flour had significantly low specific volume and big gal cell distribution as compared to that from CWF. Also, dark-brown color and bitter taste are weak points of whole waxy wheat bread. However, the WWF bread was significantly softer than CWF bread during storage. The qualities of breads were also improved using partial WWF substitution (10%, 30% or 50%) for CWF. As a result, whole waxy wheat flour can be used for breadmaking to improve nutritious quality of bread for health benefits.