阿魏酸拮抗PM2.5对A549细胞线粒体的损伤作用

研究阿魏酸是否具有拮抗PM2.5致线粒体损伤作用及拮抗机制。实验分为空白对照组、PM2.5(240 μg/m L(损伤组和阿魏酸(80 mmol/L)保护组。通过Mito SOX Red特异性探针和流式细胞仪测定细胞线粒体内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的含量;Annexin-V/PI双染色法流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;JC-1染色法流式细胞仪检测细胞线粒体膜电位的变化;活体细胞线粒体膜通道孔荧光检测试剂盒检测细胞线粒体膜通道孔(mitochondrial permeablity transition pore,m PTP)的开放情况;Western blot法检测caspase-3、caspase-9、含锰金属辅基的超氧化物歧化酶(manganese superoxide dismutase,Mn SOD)和过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体γ共激活因子-1α(subunit of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ-coactivator-1α,PGC-1α)相关蛋白表达量。结果显示,与空白对照组比较,PM2.5损伤组的细胞ROS含量、caspase-3和caspase-9表达量及细胞凋亡率升高,线粒体膜电位和m PTP活性及PGC-1α、Mn SOD的表达量降低;阿魏酸预处理后,显著降低了PM2.5造成的A549细胞ROS的含量、细胞凋亡率及caspase-3和caspase-9表达量的升高,显著升高了PM2.5致A549细胞线粒体的膜电位、m PTP的活性及PGC-1α和Mn SOD表达量的降低。阿魏酸对PM2.5致A549细胞线粒体损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

低聚葡萄籽原花青素联合顺铂对人肺腺癌细胞A549凋亡的影响

目的:研究低聚葡萄籽原花青素(oligomeric?grape?seed?proanthocyanidins,O-GSP)联合顺铂对人肺腺癌细胞A549抗氧化、细胞凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。方法:细胞分为对照组、顺铂(5 mg/L)组、O-GSP(4 mg/L)组、O-GSP(4 mg/L)+顺铂(5 mg/L)组。硫代巴比妥酸法测定细胞中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量;二硫代二硝基苯甲酸法测定谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量;黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide?dismutase,SOD)活力;流式细胞术检测细胞内活性氧(reactive?oxygen?species,ROS)含量和细胞凋亡率;Western?blot检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax和caspase-3的表达。结果:顺铂导致A549细胞MDA、ROS含量显著升高(P0.05),GSH含量和SOD活力显著降低(P0.05),O-GSP对细胞内MDA含量、GSH含量、SOD活力无显著影响(P0.05)。O-GSP+顺铂组相对于顺铂组,细胞内MDA、GSH、SOD水平无显著性变化(P0.05),而ROS含量明显降低(P0.05)。顺铂、O-GSP以及两者联用均能显著促进细胞凋亡(P0.05),并且能够显著提高Bax及Bax/Bcl-2值,顺铂和O-GSP+顺铂可显著降低Bcl-2的表达(P0.05),同时激活caspase-3。结论:O-GSP联合顺铂可促进A549细胞的凋亡,其机制与O-GSP的抗氧化作用没有显著联系,而是与两者可共同调节凋亡相关蛋白基因表达有关。     

金银花黄酮对过氧化氢诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞损伤的保护作用

探讨金银花黄酮对RAW264.7巨噬细胞抗氧化活性的影响。通过过氧化氢诱导RAW264.7细胞损伤,建立细胞氧化损伤模型,研究金银花黄酮低、中、高剂量组(62.5,125,250 mg/mL)对损伤细胞的保护作用。研究结果表明:质量浓度62.5～250 mg/mL范围的金银花黄酮可显著促进RAW264.7细胞的增殖(P0.05)。金银花黄酮各剂量组显著提高了细胞及细胞培养液中总抗氧化能力(P0.05),显著提高了SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性及GSH含量(P0.05);显著降低了细胞及细胞培养液中MDA含量(P0.05);显著降低了细胞中LDH活性并提高了细胞培养液中LDH活性(P0.05)。金银花黄酮促进RAW264.7细胞的增殖,并且对过氧化氢诱导的RAW264.7细胞损伤有良好的保护作用,存在剂量依赖效应。本研究为金银花功能性食品及保健品的开发提供理论依据。     

蛹虫草提取物对大气细颗粒物PM2.5致小鼠肺损伤的干预作用研究

观察蛹虫草提取物对PM_(2.5)致小鼠肺损伤的干预作用。采用气管滴注法构建PM_(2.5)致肺损伤小鼠模型;收集小鼠肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)进行炎性细胞计数;测定BALF中酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase,ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)活性;酶联免疫法测定血清中免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-2含量;测定小鼠肺组织总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidase dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)活性及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。结果表明,PM_(2.5)染毒能够造成BALF中炎性细胞数目增加,蛹虫草提取物可以减少炎性细胞募集。PM_(2.5)染毒后,肺泡灌洗液中ACP、AKP、LDH活性升高,不同剂量蛹虫草提取物可以减少上述酶渗漏。不同剂量蛹虫草提取物可显著提高PM_(2.5)染毒引起的血清中IL-6、TNF-α、IgA、IgM、IgG水平。PM_(2.5)染毒后,肺组织T-AOC、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性降低,MDA含量升高,蛹虫草提取物能够拮抗上述变化。PM_(2.5)暴露可致小鼠肺组织炎性损伤和氧化损伤,蛹虫草提取物能够减轻此损伤作用,其保护机理与其抗氧化和抗炎活性相关。     

桂花提取物对雄性果蝇抗氧化及抗衰老作用的研究

研究桂花提取物对雄性果蝇体内抗氧化及应激状态下抗衰老的作用。乙醇提取桂花,减压浓缩后得桂花醇提物,收集2 d龄雄性果蝇成虫,随机分为对照组、桂花提取物剂量组(2.5、5、10、15 mg/mL)共5组,进行雄性果蝇的生存实验和应激实验,测定平均寿命、最高寿命绘制生存曲线及体内蛋白质,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)等抗氧化酶活力活性。桂花提取物10、15 mg/mL剂量能极显著延长雄性果蝇的寿命(P0.01);15 mg/mL能显著提高45 d龄果蝇体内血清总蛋白(total protein,TP)含量(P0.05);10、15 mg/mL剂量组能显著增加25 d龄果蝇体内CAT活性(P0.05),所有剂量组能极显著增加45 d龄果蝇体内CAT活性(P0.01);5 mg/mL能显著降低25 d龄果蝇体内MDA含量(P0.05),10、15 mg/mL剂量组能极显著降低25 d龄果蝇体内MDA含量(P0.01),10 mg/mL剂量组能显著降低45 d龄果蝇体内MDA含量(P0.05),15 mg/mL剂量组能极显著降低45 d龄果蝇体内MDA含量(P0.01);5、10、15 mg/mL剂量组能极显著增加25 d龄和45 d龄果蝇体内SOD活性(P0.01)。桂花提取物可以提高SOD、CAT等抗氧化应激酶活性,可以缓解机体衰老引起的氧化应激产生的自由基对机体的损伤,具有延长寿命的作用。     

经口摄入全氟辛酸对SD大鼠血清总抗氧化能力的影响

观察经口摄入全氟辛酸(PFOA)对大鼠血液抗氧化能力指标的影响,为分析PFOA的毒理学作用提供依据。方法 将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3个剂量组(0、5、100mg/kg BW),10只/组,PFOA经口染毒7d,收集血液,测定血清总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及总谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果 PFOA染毒(100mg/kg BW)导致大鼠体重降低、肝脏肿大、血清总抗氧化能力降低、脂质氧化产物MDA含量升高(P＜0.05),但GSH水平变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),SOD活性则升高(P＜0.05)。结论 经口摄入PFOA对SD大鼠具有毒性,可导致肝脏损害,总抗氧化能力下降,但PFOA导致机体氧化损伤的作用机制尚需进一步研究证实。     

鱼油对顺铂损伤HEK293细胞及A549细胞的影响

目的:探讨鱼油对顺铂（cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum (Ⅱ)，CDDP）抗A549人肺腺癌细胞活性的影响及对CDDP损伤HEK293细胞的保护作用。方法:体外培养A549和HEK293细胞，将细胞分为对照组、CDDP组、鱼油组、鱼油+CDDP组；分别用不同浓度的鱼油对细胞进行预处理，同时建立CDDP组、鱼油+CDDP组CDDP 损伤模型，CCK-8法检测细胞活力，试剂盒测定HEK293细胞中丙二醛(MDA)含量，二还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量，超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力等指标。结果:4~16 mg/L浓度的鱼油能够显著抑制CDDP造成的人胚肾HEK293细胞毒性（P<0.05），其中4 mg/L浓度的鱼油保护效果最佳，且此浓度的鱼油能够显著抑制CDDP（20 mg/L）引起的GSH含量降低以及MDA含量升高（P<0.05）。当鱼油浓度≥32 mg/L时显著增强了CDDP对A549细胞的抑制效果（P<0.05）。结论:一定浓度范围内，鱼油对CDDP致人胚肾细胞HEK293损伤具有一定的保护作用。低浓度鱼油对CDDP 所致A549细胞的抑制作用没有明显的影响，高浓度的鱼油增强了CDDP 的抗癌效果。     

斜叶黄檀精油功能活性

本文主要测定斜叶黄檀精油中的挥发性成分、多酚和黄酮含量,采用体外抗氧化评价斜叶黄檀精油的清除DPPH和ABTS自由基能力、总还原力和总抗氧化能力,以金黄色葡萄球菌(G+)、化脓性链球菌(G+)、大肠杆菌(G-)、铜绿假单胞菌(G-)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(G-)以及白色念珠菌(真菌)为待测菌,评价精油的抑菌效果,通过对酪氨酸酶的抑制活性评价精油抑制黑色素的形成能力。结果表明斜叶黄檀精油在浓度为0.18 mg/mL时,对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除能力均达到70%左右,在浓度分别为0.18 mg/mL和1 mg/mL时,总还原力和总抗氧化能力的吸光度值均达到0.4以上。对金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌以及白色念珠菌的抑菌圈直径分别为:12.83、11.50和10.25 mm,呈现中敏程度的抑制性,但对三种革兰氏阴性菌无明显的抑制效果。精油对酪氨酸酶的抑制活性要强于阳性对照熊果苷,在浓度为0.1 mg/mL抑制率将近90%。本文得出斜叶黄檀精油有较好的抗氧化活性、抑制革兰氏阳性菌和真菌以及抑制酪氨酸酶活性,比较完善的介绍了斜叶黄檀精油的功能活性。     

枸杞多糖联合顺铂对人肺腺癌细胞A549氧化损伤及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨枸杞多糖(Lycium barbarum polysaccharides,LBP)联合顺铂(cisplatin,DDP)对人肺腺癌细胞A549氧化损伤、细胞凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。方法:细胞分为对照组、DDP组(6 mg/L)、LBP组(8 mg/L)和DDP(6 mg/L)+LBP(8 mg/L)组,CCK-8法检测DDP、LBP单独及联合用药对A549细胞存活率的影响;黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力;二硫代二硝基苯甲酸法测定谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量;硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量;流式细胞术检测活性氧(reaction oxygen species,ROS)含量和细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3的表达。结果:LBP能极显著增强DDP对A549细胞存活率的抑制作用(P0.01)。DDP导致A549细胞SOD活力和GSH含量极显著降低(P0.01),MDA含量和ROS含量极显著升高(P0.01)。而LBP联合DDP组与DDP组比较,细胞内SOD活力、GSH含量、MDA含量无显著变化(P0.05),而ROS含量明显降低(P0.01)。一定质量浓度DDP和LBP单独及联合处理均能极显著促进细胞凋亡(P0.01),并且能极显著降低Bcl-2、提高Bax、Caspase-3表达量及Bax/Bcl-2值(P0.01)。结论:LBP与DDP联合作用可明显促进A549细胞凋亡,其机制主要与两者对细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的调节有关。     

葡萄果皮提取物对砷致雄性小鼠生殖毒性的缓解作用

为探究玫瑰香葡萄果皮提取物(Grape skin extracts,GSE)对砷致雄性小鼠生殖毒性的影响,本文选昆明种纯系雄性小鼠,通过饮水摄入10 mg/L砷诱发小鼠生殖毒性,以4.5 mg/kg·BW的玫瑰香GSE灌胃干预砷毒性过程。60 d后检测发现,砷染毒组小鼠睾丸系数显著下降(P<0.05),睾丸组织结构出现病理性改变,精子质量和数量显著降低(P<0.05),睾丸组织中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)含量显著下降(P<0.05)、H₂O₂和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)浓度显著增高(P<0.05);与砷染毒组相比,GSE干预组小鼠睾丸系数升高,睾丸组织结构损伤减轻,精子总数显著升高、畸形率显著下降(P<0.05),睾丸组织SOD活性和还原型GSH含量显著升高、H₂O₂和MDA浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,玫瑰香葡萄果皮提取物能缓解砷的雄性生殖毒性,提高小鼠睾丸组织的抗氧化能力,对雄性生殖功能有一定的保护作用。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status