主要小麦贸易国品质检验标准及方法的比较分析

通过对我国与主要进口小麦贸易国——美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等有关小麦品质检验标准及方法的分析比较,对我国进口小麦中存在的品质检验问题进行探讨。综合国内外小麦品质检验方法或标准的差异和特点,小麦贸易和品质检验方法趋于国际一体化的迹象越来越明显。因此,要充分了解和考虑国际贸易特点、国内外小麦品质检验项目和技术等各种因素,才能建立符合国际贸易规则和我国进出口小麦品质检验要求的标准体系,才能切实做到把好国门,维护国家经济利益。     

新的《小麦国家标准》执行

新的《小麦国家标准GB1351-2008》于2008年正式施行,并配套执行行业标准《小麦硬度指数标准样品制备技术规范LS／T1214-2008》、《小麦硬度指数测定仪检定技术规范LS／T1215-2008》。新标准主要是采用硬度仪检验法来判定小麦的硬、软、混合等类型分类,消除了传统感官检验方法可能带来的检验偏差。为验证新的小麦标准的推行和2008年小麦的质量状况,国家粮食局组织河南、山东、河北、安徽、江苏、湖北等6个小麦主产省的粮食部门,根据新标准对小麦进行了品质分析,     

中美小麦检验标准的比较研究

目的比较中国和美国小麦检验标准差异。方法对我国与美国小麦检验标准、品质分级、污染物及农药残留等方面进行比较分析,对我国进口小麦存在的检验问题进行探讨。结果美国标准中品质、农药残留的检测项目多且限量严格,中国对小麦污染物的检测项目要多于美国,美国对于小麦的等级分类指标更全面、系统化,可以更好地评价小麦等级品质。结论结合我国小麦检验的实际情况及国外先进经验,提出我国小麦质量标准系统存在的主要问题和发展方向,对我国进出口小麦的检验检疫工作提供帮助。     

我国小麦标准体系现状及发展方向

对我国小麦标准体系现状进行了分析,总结了现有标准的概况,重点对其优质、安全和检测技术方面存在的问题进行了探讨,借鉴国外的先进经验,提出了今后我国小麦标准体系建设的发展方向,以标准引导和促进小麦产业的健康发展。     

《中国好粮油小麦》标准实施对山东省优质小麦发展影响分析（网络首发、推荐阅读）

自从国家粮食行业标准LS/T 3109—2017《中国好粮油小麦》发布实施以来,优质小麦又多了一个新的评价标准,该标准主要特点是增加了“品种一致性”和“食品评分值”检测指标作为优质小麦的定等指标。按照《中国好粮油小麦》标准要求,分别对山东省2018年度81份和2019年度83份新收获小麦样品进行品质指标检验,通过对检验数据的比对分析,结果表明,两年内新收获小麦品种一致性达标率增长了近6倍,优质品率增长了近8倍。随着标准实施时间的延长,其在优质小麦种植方面的引领作用日益突出。     

优质小麦生产与优质小麦标准

分析了我国优质小麦的现状及其在生产过程中存在的主要问题,针对优质小麦标准在执行过程中遇到的难题,提出了我国优质小麦的生产与开发应重点放在开发我国传统的面制食品（如馒头、饺子、面条、包子、油条等）专用小麦等看法。     

试分析稻谷、小麦、玉米新标准的合理性

从质量要求，标准统一等方面分析了稻谷、小麦、玉米普通标准修订后的合理性及优质专用标准制定的必要性。     

优质小麦国家质量标准简介

全面介绍了国家的优质小麦标准，并分析了优质小麦标准产生的背景，重点介绍了优质小麦标准中的几项指标，强调了这些指标在实际生产中的作用。     

新的小麦国家标准2008年5月1日起实施

新的小麦国家标准将于2008年5月1日起正式实施,夏收期间也将执行新标准。现行的小麦国家标准于1999年：;颁布实施。2008年1月1日,国家标准化管理委员会发布了新的小麦国家标准,该标准是强制性国家标准,根据我国的有关法律法规要求,不符合强制性标准的产品,禁止生产、销售和进口,在小麦生产、收购、储存、加工、销售等环节都必须严格执行小麦国家标准。     

江苏省小麦品质的现状及应用分析

从小麦品种、播种地区、小麦品质等几个方面对江苏省小麦进行了详细的调研,分析总结了各个地区小麦品质的特点、用途并提出了改善品质的方法,旨在为粮食加工企业原料的选择和合理利用提供参考。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.