乙二醇葡糖苷的分离纯化

以葡萄糖和乙二醇为原料,以磷酸为催化剂,制备了乙二醇葡糖苷。采用萃取的方法对乙二醇葡糖苷进行初步分离,再用G15交联葡聚糖凝胶进行层析柱分离,以质量分数0.2‰的迭氮化钠溶液做流动相,体积流量为0.9 mL/min,可使乙二醇与乙二醇葡糖苷完全分离,实现除去乙二醇的目的。     

淀粉转化产物乙二醇葡糖苷的性能与应用

本文介绍了新型淀粉基化工原料乙二醇葡糖苷的性能、合成方法及其在制备聚醚、聚氨酯塑料、醇酸树脂、表面活性剂及作为化妆品保湿剂等方面的应用情况。     

多元醇葡糖苷酯型淀粉基表面活性剂的研制

本文以天然淀粉制备的多元醇葡糖苷与脂肪酸或脂肪酸甲酯为原料研制了多元醇葡糖苷酯型淀粉基表面活性剂。考察了不同的酯化方法，测定了制得的产物性能，结果表明这类表面活性剂具有较强的表面活性和相当好的乳化性能。     

甲基环戊烯醇酮-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷的合成及其热裂解

以D-葡萄糖为原料,分别合成了2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-溴代吡喃葡糖苷(2,溴代葡萄糖法)和2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-葡萄糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯(4'三氯乙腈法),2和4'再分别与甲基环戊烯醇酮(MCP)进行偶联反应,然后脱乙酰基制备了结构不同的MCP-β-D-葡糖苷[3-甲基-1-氧代环戊-2-烯基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1)和5-甲基-1-氧代环戊-2-烯基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1')];用1H NMR和HRMS技术对中间体和产物的结构进行了表征;并研究了糖苷1和1'的热裂解。结果表明:①两种合成方法所得到的产物都是目标产物,溴代葡萄糖法优于三氯乙腈法;②溴代葡萄糖法的最佳反应条件为甲基环戊烯醇酮与化合物2的摩尔比为1:1.2,温度35℃,反应时间5 h,目标产物的产率82.0%,反应总产率59.6%;③卷烟燃吸过程中,糖苷1和1'热裂解为甲基环戊烯醇酮后,其在主流烟气中的转移率分别为16.13%和16.40%。      

癸基葡糖苷的合成与性能研究

在酸性介质中，采用直接催化法合成了淀粉基表面活性剂癸基葡糖苷，确定了合成工艺条件，产物收率≥９３．５％．性能测试结果表明，癸基葡糖苷具有表面张力低、起泡和润湿性能优良等优点，是一种新型的非离子表面活性剂     

葡基胺香料化合物的制备及应用研究

采用了一种简单、易控的方法,以葡萄糖和NH4HCO3为原料、NaOH-无水甲醇为溶剂与催化剂合成了在通常条件下较难控制合成的前体香料化合物-葡基胺,并提出了合成葡基胺的较佳条件(在该条件下,葡基胺的产率可达73%).利用该产物对造纸法烟草薄片进行加香试验还表明,它具有较好的掩盖薄片木质杂气和增强烟香的效果.     

淀粉烷基糖苷的制备及其理化性质

通过L9(34)正交试验法优化了以玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉为原料用转糖苷化法制备淀粉烷基糖苷( Alkyl polyglycoside,APG)的制备工艺,得到制备淀粉APG的最适宜条件为:以m次亚磷酸钠∶mEDTA∶m对甲苯磺酸=2∶1∶(6～9)配比组成的复合物为催化剂、糖苷化温度为120～125℃、m淀粉∶m催化剂=1∶0.015～0.016、m玉来淀粉∶m乙二醇∶m十二酸=6∶1∶0.75、m马铃薯淀粉∶m乙二醇∶m十二醇=4∶1∶0.25；减压蒸馏脱醇的条件是:压力0.1 MPa,温度130℃/135℃(低碳醇)、150℃/165℃(高碳醇),携带剂应预热至120℃且待反应体系温度达到120℃时加入为宜.在此工艺条件下总糖苷得率≥135％,且APG产品与标准品的红外光谱图(Infrared spectroscopy,IR)一致；性能试验测得APG的表面张力29.25 mN·m-1,临界胶束浓度(Cfitical micelle concentration,CMC)0.80％,亲水亲油平衡值(Hydrophile - lipophile balance,HLB)15.43,pH 11 ～ 12,泡沫性好.各项性能和品质指标基本优于市售APG,且各项技术指标均符合GB/T 19464-2004的要求.     

乙二醇葡萄糖苷聚氧丙烯醚的合成及性能研究

目的 合成乙二醇葡萄糖苷聚氧丙烯醚,并研究其性能.方法 先合成乙二醇糖苷,以此为起始物置入高压釜,缓慢通入定量环氧丙烷聚合反应,得乙二醇葡萄糖苷聚氧丙烯醚.考察催化剂用量、温度、压强对聚合反应速度的影响,测定所得产物的表面张力、乳化性和泡沫性能.结果 催化剂用量1％、温度110～120℃、压强0.2～0.3 MPa时,聚合反应速度较快.结论 乙二醇葡萄糖苷聚氧丙烯醚水溶液的表面张力可达到约40 mN/m,且有一定的乳化性,可作为低泡型工业表面活性剂应用.     

鬼针草化学成分的分离和鉴定

目的 研究鬼针草的化学成分.方法 采用乙醇提取,硅胶柱、聚酰胺柱层析分离纯化,波谱分析鉴定其结构.结果 从鬼针草中得到5个化合物:异槲皮苷(Ⅰ),异奥卡宁-7-O-β-D-葡糖苷(Ⅱ),海生菊苷(Ⅲ),槲皮素-7一O-β-D-葡糖苷(Ⅳ),D-甘露醇(Ⅴ).结论 5个化合物中的Ⅳ、Ⅴ是首次从本属植物中得到的.     

鬼针草化学成分的分离和鉴定

目的研究鬼针草的化学成分。方法采用乙醇提取,硅胶柱、聚酰胺柱层析分离纯化,波谱分析鉴定其结构。结果从鬼针草中得到5个化合物:异槲皮苷(Ⅰ),异奥卡宁-7-O-β-D-葡糖苷(Ⅱ),海生菊苷(Ⅲ),槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡糖苷(Ⅳ),D-甘露醇(Ⅴ)。结论5个化合物中的Ⅳ、Ⅴ是首次从本属植物中得到的。     

丙二醇酯中游离丙二醇含量的直接测定

提出丙二醇酯中游离丙二醇含量的直接测定方法。该法和萃取法对一系列样品进行对照试验,经数理统计分析,结果表明,两种测定方法没有显著性差异。直接法更简单、快捷。回收率为95.7?.0%,相对标准偏差为0.23%0.60%。     

提高水基聚氨酯树脂凃膜耐水性的研究

对丙酮法合成的水基聚氨酯树脂凃膜耐水性的提高进行了报导。作者选用了硬脂酸单甘脂(GMS)、聚硅氧烷二醇作为小分子扩链剂并以二聚酸聚酯二醇作为软段合成了含有侧链的水基聚氨酯树脂系列、探讨了DMPA用量、聚氨酯侧链结构种类等因素对水基聚氨酯树脂分散体涂膜耐水性的影响。合成出了耐水性更好的水基聚氨酯树脂皮革涂饰剂。     

PU硬泡用淀粉乙二醇糖甙聚醚的制备与性质

通过控制反应条件得到了在粘度和羟值上具有较好重复性的淀粉乙二醇糖甙聚醚。在 1 2 5～ 1 30℃、催化剂为 0 .76%硫酸、甙化 30 min,醚化率为 7mol的条件下 ,得到了一系列产品。聚醚的平均偏移在 :羟值± 4,粘度±80 0厘泊 ( 32℃ )。从糖甙混合物中蒸馏得到的回收乙二醇 ,未经纯化再次使用 ,研究了其可重复使用性能。结果表明 ,回收乙二醇的重复使用没有影响聚醚的性能 ,所得糖甙聚醚的性能满足 PU硬质泡沫的制备要求。     

芦苇乙二醇制浆的研究

在常压下,利用低浓度的乙二醇溶液蒸煮芦苇,分别做了酸用量、液固比和有机溶剂浓度实验.研究结果表明:乙二醇在常压下表现出良好的纤维素、木质素分离趋势,在乙二醇40%、催化剂10%、水50%、酸3%和液固比20:1时,纤维素、木质素分离效果最佳,浆的质量较好;乙二醇通过蒸馏回收可以循环利用,并可得到较纯的木质素.     

壳聚糖/聚乙二醇共混膜性能研究

制备了不同配比的壳聚糖/聚乙二醇共混膜,利用差示扫描量热仪和动态热机械分析仪对共混膜的热性能进行了测试,结果表明:随着聚乙二醇含量的增多,共混膜的玻璃化转变峰越宽,膜的韧性提高,玻璃化转变温度、结晶度和刚度降低.     

壳聚糖/聚乙二醇共混膜的制备与表征

将壳聚糖和聚乙二醇熔融共混,制备了纯壳聚糖膜和不同质量比的共混膜.利用傅立叶红外光谱仪、原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对各种共混膜的结构、形貌进行表征.结果表明,聚乙二醇与壳聚糖间存在强的氢键作用,并且随着聚乙二醇的加入,共混膜表面出现大小不一的孔洞结构,从而证明两组分在熔融共混过程中存在超分子相互作用,并讨论了这种作用的可能机理.     

Effects of propylene glycol or fat drench on plasma metabolites,liver composition,and production of dairy cows during the periparturient period

Forty-eight Holstein cows were used to determine the effects of short-term oral drenches of propylene glycol (PG) and Ca-soaps of palm oil fatty acids (fat) on plasma concentrations of key metabolites, liver composition, and milk production during the first 3 wk of lactation. Treatments (2 x 2 factorial arrangement) given orally once daily for the first 3 d postpartum were water (control), 500 ml of PG, 454 g of fat, or 500 ml of PG plus 454 g of fat. All treatments were administered as a total volume of 1.9 L. Administration of PG decreased concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in plasma during the first 7 d and the first 21 d postpartum and tended to decrease concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate during the first 7 d postpartum. Concentrations of insulin in plasma were not affected by treatment. Administration of either PG or fat increased plasma glucose and liver glycogen concentrations compared to the control or PG plus fat treatments. Concentrations of triglycerides in liver were not affected by treatment. Administration of PG did not affect dry matter intake or milk yield and composition during the first 3 wk postpartum; however, cows drenched with fat tended to have lower dry matter intake and milk yield during the first 3 wk of lactation. Short-term drenching of PG effectively decreased NEFA concentrations in plasma during early lactation; however, data do not support administration of fat via drench to early lactation cows and concurrent administration of dietary fat appears to blunt the metabolic response of cows to PG.     

大豆磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇单甲醚2000的制备及其性能研究

以聚乙二醇单甲醚2000为原料,先将其氧化为聚乙二醇单甲醚2000羧基衍生物,再制备成高活性的聚乙二醇单甲醚2000酰氯,与磷脂反应制备了大豆磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇单甲醚2000(MPEG2000-SPE)。产物结构经1HNMR和IR进行了表征。质量比为m(大豆粉末磷脂)∶m(羧基化聚乙二醇单甲醚)=3∶1,产物收率为85.2%;通过TEM观察了产物在水中形成胶束的大小,通过荧光探针技术研究了产物的临界胶束浓度用以表征产物的热力学稳定性,通过乳化力来表征产物的动力学稳定性,试验表明,产物在水溶液中形成的胶束粒径为30~80 nm,临界胶束浓度为2×10-6mol/L,形成胶束的热力学稳定性优于小分子胶束,产物的动力学稳定性优于大豆粉末磷脂。     

Effects of a combination butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin product and insulin on ketosis resolution and milk production

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of butaphosphan-cyanocobalamin (B+C), glargine insulin, and propylene glycol on resolution of ketosis and average daily milk yield after treatment. Cows from 16 herds in Ontario, Canada, and 1 herd in Michigan were tested at weekly intervals between 3 and 16 DIM. Ketosis was defined as blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) ≥1.2 mmol/L. All ketotic cows were given a baseline treatment of 3 d of 300 g of propylene glycol orally. Animals were then randomly assigned to treatment with 3 doses of either 25 mL of B+C or 25 mL of saline placebo and 1 dose of either 2 mL (200 IU) of glargine insulin or 2 mL of saline placebo in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Outcomes of interest on all farms were ketosis cure (blood BHB <1.2 mmol/L 1 wk postenrollment), maintenance of ketosis cure (blood BHB <1.2 mmol/L 1 and 2 wk postenrollment), and blood BHB concentrations at 1 and 2 wk postenrollment. Milk weights were collected daily in 1 large freestall herd. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate blood BHB concentrations 2 wk after treatment and milk production for 30 d after treatment. Poisson regression was used to examine the effect of treatment on cure and maintenance of cure. Due to a regulatory delay causing temporary unavailability of B+C in Canada, data were analyzed in 2 sets of models: one for insulin and the corresponding placebo (n = 620) and one for the full trial (n = 380). Animals with blood glucose concentrations ≤2.2 mmol/L at the time of ketosis diagnosis were 2.1 times more likely (95% CI = 1.2 to 3.7) to be cured if treated with B+C. Animals in lactation 3 or higher that had blood glucose concentrations <2.2 mmol/L at enrollment produced 4.2 kg/d (95% CI = 1.4 to 7.1) more milk if treated with insulin versus placebo and 2.8 kg/d (95% CI = 0.9 to 4.7) more milk if treated with B+C versus placebo. Animals in lactation 3 or higher with blood glucose ≥2.2 mmol/L that were treated with insulin produced 2.3 kg/d (95% CI = 0.3 to 4.4) less milk than untreated controls. No interaction was observed between treatments. This evidence suggests that B+C and insulin may be beneficial for ketosis treatment in animals with blood glucose <2.2 mmol/L at ketosis diagnosis. It also suggests that blood glucose concentration may be an important predictor of success of ketosis treatment.     

10-十一烯醛乙二醇缩醛的合成及在卷烟中的应用

以10-十一烯醛和乙二醇为原料合成了10-十一烯醛乙二醇缩醛,并对其合成条件及在卷烟中的应用进行了试验。结果表明:①醛醇摩尔比为1∶1.25,对甲苯磺酸作催化剂,正己烷作溶剂,反应时间60min,产物的得率最高,为98.74%;②10-十一烯醛乙二醇缩醛具有赋予卷烟特有的酿甜香、降低刺激和改善烟气品质的作用。