抗菌超疏水夜光面料的制备及性能

以涤纶机织物作为基布,采用稀土铝酸锶长余辉发光材料对基布进行涂层整理得到夜光织物,再对所得的夜光织物分别经过超疏水、抗菌整理,进而得到抗菌超疏水夜光织物。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、全自动单一纤维接触角测量仪、余辉亮度测试仪等对经过不同整理的织物的表面形貌、静态水接触角、余辉亮度、自清洁性能、抗菌性能进行测试,结果表明：抗菌超疏水夜光织物的静态水接触角可达到172.5°,具有优异的超疏水性能,同时也具有良好的发光性能、自清洁和抗菌性能。     

基于疏水型二氧化硅气凝胶制备无氟自清洁超疏水棉织物

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)为硅源,水为溶剂,在表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作用下,通过溶胶-凝胶反应,并采用环境压力干燥法(APD)制备了超疏水二氧化硅气凝胶。将二氧化硅气凝胶粉和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)通过喷涂法整理到棉织物上,分别采用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、接触角测量仪对整理棉织物的结构、形貌和疏水性进行表征。结果表明:制备的二氧化硅气凝胶具有典型的三维网状多孔结构,同时具有超疏水性能;整理棉织物(PDMS/SiO2@棉织物)展示出非常优异的超疏水性能,水接触角(WCA)高达161.1°,同时也具有较好的抗黏附、自清洁以及抗污性能。     

超疏水棉织物的简易制备技术

为了制备超疏水棉织物,利用烷基氯硅烷对棉织物进行气相沉积,在棉织物表面生成具有微观粗糙结构的低表面能物质聚硅氧烷,再结合织物本身的屈曲结构,使棉织物具有超疏水自清洁性能,制备方法简易,成本低且不需要昂贵的设备。采用扫描电镜、接触角测定仪、集灰试验等手段观察棉织物的表面形貌,并研究了其超疏水和自清洁性能。结果表明：当甲基三氯硅烷（MTS）与二甲基二氯硅烷（DDS）体积比为5：1,MTS与DDS的总体积为8-10 mL,气相沉积时间为120 min 时,制得棉织物表面的接触角达152.3°,滚动角为2.7°;集灰试验表明沉积后的棉织物具有良好的自清洁功能。     

超疏水纸基材料的制备及其性能分析

本研究采用浆内施胶的方法抄纸,用柠檬酸(CA)预处理提高其表面活性,再用纤维素纳米纤丝/二氧化钛(CNF/TiO₂)悬浮液涂布,以提高纸基材料表面粗糙程度,最后用烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)乳液浸渍处理以提高纸基材料的憎水性,得到超疏水纸基材料。结果表明,CA预处理显著改善了纸基材料的表面活性,使纸基材料具有更高的TiO₂保留率,使其更易达到超疏水纸基材料所需的表面粗糙度。制备的超疏水纸基材料表面接触角达153.8°,达到超疏水要求,且具有良好的自清洁能力。     

基于纳米CuS/RGO制备超疏水多功能棉织物

褶皱状纳米CuS/RGO结合低表面能物质的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS),通过浸轧法制备超疏水多功能棉织物。采用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、接触角测量仪和织物抗紫外性测试仪对样品形貌、结构及性能进行分析。结果表明,利用PDMS的交联黏结作用成功将CuS/RGO负载于棉纤维上,PDMS膜包裹在棉纤维和CuS/RGO表面,整理棉织物表面具有微观粗糙结构,具有较好的超疏水性能和抗紫外性能,接触角达到了158.4°,紫外线防护系数(UPF)为851.2,并且自清洁性能优良。     

具有反应活性的纤维素基微/纳米颗粒功能化超疏水表面的制备与表征

以微晶纤维素为原料，通过亲核取代反应合成了10-十一烯酸-硬脂酸纤维素酯（CSU）衍生物，并采用纳米沉淀法制备了CSU微/纳米颗粒，将其喷涂在CSU溶液浸渍的硅片表面后，制备出一种具有反应活性的超疏水表面。采用核磁共振波谱仪（NMR）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、Zeta电位粒度仪（DLS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及巯基-烯点击化学反应体系对CSU微/纳米颗粒及其构建的超疏水表面进行表征。重点探究了该表面的超疏水机理、热稳定性和反应活性。结果表明，所制备的CSU微/纳米颗粒平均直径约为（149±3）nm，多分散性指数（PDI）为0.132；所构建的超疏水表面的表面接触角为（153±1）°，滚动角为7°；该表面的超疏水性在温度高于40℃时不稳定，且可通过巯基-烯点击化学反应进行再功能化。     

石蜡浸渍法制备超疏水纸

采用石蜡浸渍法在普通纸的表面成功制备了超疏水表面层。水滴在该表面的接触角和滚动角分别为156o±2.3o和2o。用扫描电镜对其表面进行观察,发现超疏水纸表面由大量分散的石蜡凸起组成,这些石蜡凸起的平均直径为5μm,石蜡凸起之间的距离在1~8μm之间。该超疏水纸具有极好的防水防潮和易于清洁性能。     

玉米芯多孔碳超疏水棉织物的制备及性能

以废弃玉米芯为原料,经氢氧化钾活化,高温炭化制备玉米芯多孔碳（CPC）。对CPC微观形貌进行表征,研究了不同炭化温度对CPC表面形貌的影响。当炭化温度为600℃时,制备的CPC粉末具有均匀的微观多孔粗糙结构。利用低表面能物质聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）对棉织物整理,制备了超疏水棉织物。对整理织物的表面形貌进行表征,研究了不同质量分数的CPC与PDMS整理后棉织物的超疏水性能。结果表明,当CPC质量分数为0.5%,PDMS质量分数为4%时,整理棉织物水滴接触角达到156.9°,具有较好的超疏水、防污及自清洁性能。     

基于二维过渡金属碳化物的超疏水电磁屏蔽织物的制备及性能

超疏水电磁屏蔽材料具有优异的电磁屏蔽性能、自清洁性、高导电性、高耐久等性能,在人体和电子设备电磁防护中应用前景广阔。基于过渡金属碳化物（MXene）结合低表面能物质聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）,采用简单的浸渍法制备了超疏水电磁屏蔽织物。结果表明,二维片状结构的MXene在涤纶织物（PET）表面均匀分布并构建了导电网络和微观粗糙结构,有利于实现超疏水电磁屏蔽协同性能。基于MXene制备的超疏水涤纶织物电磁屏蔽效能可达34 dB,水接触角可达156°,对橙汁、可乐等液体表现出拒液防污性,显示出优异的超疏水电磁屏蔽性能。     

溶解刻蚀辅助构建棉织物超疏水表面

为探索超疏水织物的绿色、简便、有效制备方法,先采用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)涂层整理获得低表面能棉织物,然后通过盐颗粒的沉积、溶解形成粗糙结构。探讨PDMS用量、盐颗粒尺寸、沉积次数和沉积时间对织物表面超疏水效果的影响。借助接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射能谱等手段对超疏水表面的微观形貌结构、元素组成、稳定性能进行表征。结果表明:棉织物超疏水表面存在微米级凹坑;水滴在织物表面的静态接触角可达155.47°,滑移角为5.5°;将其在强酸、强碱溶液中浸泡12 h,接触角依然可达143.91°;在60 ℃水浴中浸泡60 min,接触角为144.43°;经20次摩擦循环后,接触角仅下降11.31%。此外,超疏水表面表现出自清洁功能,并具有防染效果。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.