油莎豆油与其他植物油主要脂肪酸的分析比较

采用气相色谱法对油莎豆油与菜籽油、大豆油、橄榄油、红花油、花生油、葵花籽油、葡萄籽油、玉米油和芝麻油的主要脂肪酸组成进行检测,并用聚类分析方法对其他9种植物油脂进行归类。结果表明,油莎豆油脂肪酸组成与橄榄油的较为相似,这两种油脂中油酸含量75.01%~77.23%,亚油酸含量7.33%~9.79%;菜籽油、大豆油、红花油、花生油、葵花油、葡萄籽油和玉米油中,油酸含量15.87%~54.24%,亚油酸含量25.42%~74.92%。3个品系油莎豆油脂与橄榄油可归为第一大类,其余8种植物油可归为第二大类。在第二大类中,红花油、葡萄籽油、大豆油、玉米油和葵花籽油可归为一亚类,花生油、芝麻油和玉米油可归为另一亚类。     

11种植物油的脂肪酸组成与抗氧化活性比较

对4种新资源食品油、2种高端食用油和5种普通植物油的脂肪酸组成和抗氧化活性进行比较研究,以评价不同类型植物油的质量。采用气-质联用色谱法测定了11种植物油的脂肪酸组成,应用DPPH、ABTS、FRAP法对不同植物油的全油以及极性部位的抗氧化活性进行测定。结果显示:新资源食品油(茶叶籽油除外)的多不饱和脂肪酸含量均大于65%,其中α-亚麻酸高达38%以上,而普通植物油以及牛油果油和橄榄油中α-亚麻酸含量仅有0.11%～8.67%; 11种植物油对DPPH·清除能力从大到小依次为杜仲籽油美藤果油玉米油大豆油葵花籽油牡丹籽油菜籽油橄榄油牛油果油花生油茶叶籽油;对ABTS+·的清除能力从大到小依次为橄榄油菜籽油杜仲籽油大豆油玉米油美藤果油花生油牛油果油茶叶籽油牡丹籽油葵花籽油;对FRAP Fe3+-TPTZ还原能力从大到小依次为杜仲籽油美藤果油菜籽油橄榄油玉米油花生油大豆油牡丹籽油葵花籽油牛油果油茶叶籽油。在脂肪酸组成方面,新资源食品油有较大优势,DPPH、ABTS、FRAP 3种方法所得的每种植物油的抗氧化活性不同,但杜仲籽油、美藤果油、菜籽油和玉米油在3种方法中均表现出较好的抗氧化活性。     

蓝莓籽油与6种常用植物油营养成分差异分析

旨在评价蓝莓籽油脂肪酸营养价值和品质，探究蓝莓籽油与玉米油、大豆油、芝麻油、胡麻油、花生油、葵花籽油等常用植物油的营养成分差异。该实验通过GC-MS分析对比了蓝莓籽油与6种常用植物油中脂肪酸和微量营养物质的含量。结果表明，在7种植物油中，蓝莓籽油多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高、饱和脂肪酸相对含量最低，在脂肪酸营养价值评价中，有预防动脉粥样硬化和高胆固醇的优势；微量营养物质相对含量高，其中角鲨烯含量最高，菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇的含量较高，蓝莓籽油具有明显营养价值优势。与其他6种常用植物油相比，蓝莓籽油具有高多不饱和脂肪酸和低饱和脂肪酸、高微量营养物质的含量特点，能够降低动脉粥样硬化和高胆固醇症的潜在患病风险，具有更高的营养价值，为植物油的营养评价、蓝莓籽资源开发利用和相关食品及保健品的产品研发提供理论依据。     

7种食用植物油物性及氧化稳定性评价

对国内7种食用植物油的脂肪酸组成、总酚、生育酚、植物甾醇、苯并(a)芘、黄曲霉毒素B1、3-氯丙醇酯含量、氧化稳定性指数(OSI)等指标进行测定分析。结果表明:这7种食用植物油不饱和脂肪酸含量均较高(78.29%~91.92%),但不同油的脂肪酸组成比例各不相同,不饱和脂肪酸、其中单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高的分别为菜籽油(91.92%)、油茶籽油(80.44%)和葵花籽油(61.18%);微量活性成分中,菜籽油的总酚含量最高,为139.83 mg/kg;大豆油、菜籽油、玉米油中γ-生育酚含量较高,葵花籽油、米糠油中α-生育酚含量较高,大豆油生育酚含量最高,为1 129.21 mg/kg;不同油中植物甾醇均以β-谷甾醇为主,米糠油、玉米油中植物甾醇含量较高,分别为10 705.8 mg/kg和8 596.7 mg/kg;危害因子中,只有少数食用植物油检出苯并(a)芘和黄曲霉毒素B1,且含量均符合国家相关标准规定;菜籽油、葵花籽油、大豆油、花生油中3-氯丙醇酯总量较低,均小于1.0 mg/kg;菜籽油、大豆油的氧化稳定性指数(OSI)较高,葵花籽油、油茶籽油的较低,且与总酚含量呈极显著正相关。     

食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1调查分析

调查了浙江省食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)的污染情况。根据浙江省食用植物油生产消费的实际情况,2016年9—12月,采用统计学方法采集151家食用植物油经销企业的花生油、玉米油、大豆油、菜籽油、油茶籽油、葵花籽油、芝麻油、调和油8大类散装油和定型包装油,共1 208个样品,高效液相色谱法测定AFB_1含量。结果表明:22个样品检出AFB_1,检出率为1.8%,超标率为0.0%;其中花生油、葵花籽油、玉米油和调和油检出AFB_1,浙江省特产的油茶籽油和菜籽油未检出AFB_1,散装油中AFB_1检出率(3.8%)是定型包装油(0.9%)的4.22倍,食用植物油样品中AFB_1含量均低于国家限量标准。     

室温下不同植物油开封后最佳食用期研究

以6种常见食用植物油亚麻籽油、葵花籽油、菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、芝麻油为原料,测定其脂肪酸含量,并在模拟家庭环境下每间隔5 d测定其过氧化值,从而研究开封后植物油最佳食用期及其与脂肪酸含量的关系。研究结果表明:亚麻籽油、菜籽油开封后的最佳食用期均为15～20 d,大豆油、葵花籽油的最佳食用期最长不超过25 d,花生油、芝麻油最佳食用期应为25～30 d。油脂氧化情况与其不饱和脂肪酸的含量成正比,不饱和脂肪酸含量越高,油脂越容易被氧化,最佳食用期越短。     

橄榄油掺伪的气相色谱质谱鉴别方法研究

采用气相色谱质谱法测定了某品牌橄榄油、棕榈油、菜籽油、大豆油、玉米油、花生油、葵花籽油的脂肪酸组成与含量,并采用聚类分析软件对其相似性进行了分析。实验模拟了掺假过程,向橄榄油中加入不同比例的低价值植物油包括棕榈油、菜籽油、大豆油、玉米油、花生油、葵花籽油,初步建立了橄榄油掺伪鉴别的气相色谱质谱法。掺入低价值植物油后,肉豆蔻酸、α-亚麻酸、山嵛酸、反式亚油酸、花生酸、花生一烯酸等脂肪酸含量随着掺加比例的增加呈现线性上升趋势。根据上述脂肪酸指标含量进行判定,棕榈油、菜籽油、大豆油、玉米油、花生油、葵花籽油最低掺假检出限分别为5.27%、5.61%、6.35%、4.53%、1.93%和9.21%。通过对不同植物油中其脂肪酸特征组分及含量的分析,可达到鉴别橄榄油掺假的目的。     

基于酚类化合物组成差异的7 类植物油脂识别

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术,对葵花籽油、菜籽油、花生油、胡麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和芝麻油中的酚类化合物进行检测,采用主成分分析、线性判别分析和层次聚类分析3?种方法识别植物油。结果表明：植物油中酚类化合物组成和含量存在明显差异;主成分分析中,提取4?个主成分可以反映原变量89.42%的信息,花生油、橄榄油、葵花籽油和芝麻油分布在不同象限,区分良好;线性判别分析结果显示,在84.4%程度上可以对7?种植物油实现良好区分;层次聚类分析中,菜籽油、橄榄油、芝麻油可以同其他植物油明显区分。     

不同脂肪酸组成的植物油氧化稳定性的研究

通过气相色谱法分析了菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、葵花籽油、山茶油、调和油、玉米油和芝麻油这八种天然食用植物油的脂肪酸组成,采用Schall烘箱法,以过氧化值(POV)和脂肪酸组成为参考指标,研究了加热加速氧化对不同植物油氧化稳定性的影响。并运用Matlab数学工具建立模型,探讨POV值与脂肪酸组成之间的关系。结果表明:温度对各种植物油的氧化过程影响显著,加速氧化过程中,脂肪酸总体变化很小,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)减少,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)有不同程度的增多,n-3比n-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸更易氧化减少。氧化稳定性由强到弱依次为花生油、山茶油、芝麻油、菜籽油、玉米油、调和油、大豆油、葵花籽油。初步建立起了以PUFA含量分类,加速氧化条件下过氧化值与脂肪酸组成之间的关系模型。     

青海亚麻籽油脂肪酸指纹图谱 构建及掺伪识别

以青海省不同产地的亚麻籽为原料,采用索氏抽提法提取亚麻籽油,通过气相色谱法分析亚麻籽油脂肪酸组成,并运用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统建立青海亚麻籽油脂肪酸指纹图谱,利用指纹图谱鉴定掺伪量分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%的大豆油、玉米油、花生油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、芝麻油的掺伪模型。结果表明：构建的指纹图谱符合指纹图谱研究的技术要求,可在一定程度上代表青海亚麻籽油样品的整体性;该指纹图谱可以鉴别掺伪量20%及以上大豆油、葵花籽油掺伪模型,10%及以上玉米油、花生油和菜籽油掺伪模型,而对芝麻油掺伪识别效果欠佳,掺伪量大于30%时才能鉴定。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status