酶解虾壳蛋白制备ACE 抑制剂的工艺优化

以虾壳粉为原料,以水解度和ACE抑制率为指标,利用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶进行酶解,其中中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶有较高的ACE抑制活性,因此对碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶的工艺条件进一步优化。结果表明：碱性蛋白酶酶解工艺优化条件为：温度60℃、pH9.5、底物质量浓度2.5g/100mL、加酶量4000U/g、酶解时间2.5h,在此条件下ACE抑制率最高,为67.70%,水解度为69.79%;中性蛋白酶酶解工艺优化条件为：温度50℃、pH7.0、底物质量浓度2.5g/100mL、加酶量2000U/g、酶解时间2h,在此条件下ACE抑制率最高,为84.04%,水解度为26.76%。提示中性蛋白酶酶解能够产生更多的ACE抑制肽,是酶解虾壳蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的较优酶。     

酸枣仁ACE抑制肽酶解工艺优化

本试验以脱脂后的酸枣仁渣通过碱溶酸沉法提取得到的酸枣仁蛋白为研究对象,以血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制率和水解度为指标,筛选复合酶种类,采用响应面分析法,以中性蛋白酶/碱性蛋白酶比例、pH、底物浓度、酶解温度、酶解时间为试验因素,优化酸枣仁ACE抑制肽最佳酶解工艺参数。结果表明:筛选出中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶作为复合酶,最适酶添加量确定为6000 U/g,5个因素对ACE抑制率和水解度的影响由大到小的顺序为:酶解温度、酶解时间、pH、中性蛋白酶/碱性蛋白酶比例、底物浓度。通过拟合方程分析,得到酸枣仁ACE抑制肽酶解的最佳工艺条件为:中性蛋白酶/碱性蛋白酶比例为2.1:1、酶解温度为54 ℃,底物浓度为3.1%,pH为7.5,酶解时间为62 min。在此条件下,复合酶解酸枣仁蛋白酶解液的实际ACE抑制率和水解度分别为（79.46%±0.49%）和（31.45%±0.85%）,与理论值接近。制备得到酸枣仁ACE抑制肽与阳性对照组卡托普利对比,酸枣仁ACE抑制肽的ACE抑制率大小为（79.46%±0.49%）,与卡托普利的ACE抑制率偏差为（19.28%±0.12%）,证明酸枣仁ACE抑制肽具有显著降压效果。本研究证明了酸枣仁蛋白通过酶解有效得到ACE抑制肽并优化其酶解工艺,旨在为酸枣仁渣废物再利用提供参考方向和理论依据。     

逆流超声辅助酶解法制备大米ACE抑制肽

研究逆流超声预处理大米蛋白对其碱性蛋白酶酶解制备血管紧张素转换酶(Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme,ACE)抑制肽的影响。首先从米渣中提取大米蛋白,以ACE抑制率为主要指标,水解度为辅助指标,运用单因素逐级优化法对酶解反应的底物浓度、时间、温度、加酶量和pH进行参数优化,在此基础上筛选逆流超声模式的最佳超声参数。结果表明最佳酶解参数为底物浓度30 g/L、加酶量(E/S)7.5%、温度50 ℃、pH8.5和酶解时间60 min,此时酶解产物ACE抑制率为45.59%,水解度为21.49%。最佳超声参数为超声频率20 kHz、功率密度170 W/L、时间12.5 min。此时酶解液ACE抑制率达72.24%,水解度为21.64%,相较于未超声组ACE抑制率提高了57.42%,相较于传统超声组,ACE抑制率提高了11.36%。结果表明逆流超声波辅助酶解法能有效提高酶解效率、减少能耗、促进ACE抑制肽制备。     

酶解鮰鱼皮明胶制备ACE抑制肽的工艺条件优化

以斑点叉尾鮰鱼皮明胶为原料,采用风味蛋白酶对其进行水解,制备ACE抑制肽。通过单因素实验考察温度、pH、底物浓度、加酶量及酶解时间对明胶水解物ACE抑制率的影响,在此基础上,采用Box-Behnken实验设计和响应面分析对风味蛋白酶水解鮰鱼皮明胶制备ACE抑制肽的工艺条件进行优化。实验结果表明,风味蛋白酶水解鮰鱼皮明胶制备ACE抑制肽的优化工艺条件为水解温度50℃,pH7.0,底物浓度4.5%,加酶量2.5%,酶解时间3h,在此条件得到的明胶水解物的ACE抑制率为91.45%,验证实验结果为89.81%。     

瑞士乳杆菌蛋白酶水解乳清蛋白制备A C E 抑制肽的条件优化

目的：本实验以WPC-80 乳清浓缩蛋白为原料,对瑞士乳杆菌蛋白酶水解乳清蛋白产生血管紧张素转移酶(ACE)抑制肽工艺条件进行研究。方法：通过单因素条件和响应面方法研究水解pH 值、水解温度、酶与底物比、底物浓度和水解时间对水解度和ACE 抑制率的影响。结果：研究发现,五个工艺条件对ACE 抑制肽的产生都有影响,通过响应面法分析,确定瑞士乳杆菌蛋白酶酶解乳清蛋白的最佳水解条件为：[E]/[S] 0.6%、底物浓度6%、pH9.18、温度38.90℃,时间8.0h,在此条件下水解,产物ACE 抑制率达到92.21% ,IC50 为0.375mg/ml,水解度为18.76%。结论：应用响应面方法优化水解工艺条件是可行的。     

超声波辅助酶法制备辣木籽ACE抑制肽工艺优化

为进一步提高辣木籽蛋白资源的开发利用,采用盐提法提取辣木籽蛋白,再采用超声波辅助酶法制备辣木籽ACE抑制肽。以水解度和ACE抑制率为评价指标,通过单因素实验探究超声波功率、超声酶解时间、超声酶解温度及料液比对制备ACE抑制肽的影响,采用响应面法对制备工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：超声波辅助酶法制备辣木籽ACE抑制肽的最佳酶解工艺条件为碱性蛋白酶添加量5.5 mg/mL、pH 9、超声波功率500 W、超声酶解时间1.7 h、超声酶解温度55℃、料液比1∶45,在此条件下制备的酶解物ACE抑制率达到78.32%,水解度为7.78%。以辣木籽为原料制备ACE抑制肽作为功能性蛋白肽产品,可有效提高辣木籽蛋白资源的开发利用。     

Alcalase 2.4L酶解核桃分离蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的工艺研究

以核桃分离蛋白(WPI)为原料,利用Alcalase 2.4L酶解制备高活性的ACE抑制肽.以水解度和ACE抑制率为指标,通过单因素和二次回归正交旋转组合试验,优化了Alcalase 2.4L酶解核桃分离蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的工艺.得到的最佳酶解工艺条件为pH 7.94,酶解温度60℃,底物质量浓度20g/L,酶与底物质量比3.69∶100,酶解3h后,酶解产物的水解度达到24.78％,ACE抑制率达到76.58％,且在此条件下获得的ACE抑制肽具有一定的抗体内消化酶特性.     

葵花籽粕酶解制备低钠盐ACEI抑制肽

为制备低钠盐含量的葵花籽粕蛋白血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽(ACEI抑制肽),建立了以Ca(OH)2溶液调节酶解反应pH值的制备工艺并进行了工艺参数优化。以蛋白水解度、产物ACE抑制率和苦味值为评价指标通过选酶试验从6种商业蛋白酶中确定胰蛋白酶为水解用酶。通过对葵花籽粕蛋白酶解试验,发现在其他酶解条件相同情况下,以Ca(OH)2调节酶解pH值的葵花籽粕水解多肽的ACE抑制率和水解度优于NaOH调节的,而苦味值相近。通过对底物浓度、加酶量、pH、温度和时间进行单因素试验和对时间、温度、pH等因素进行的正交优化试验,确定用Ca(OH)2调节酶解pH值的制备葵花籽粕蛋白ACEI抑制肽工艺参数为:底物的质量浓度为3.5%,加酶量2.85%(E/S),pH7.5、温度45℃和酶解时间5min,所得ACEI抑制肽产品的IC50值为6.06mg/mL。     

高粱碱溶蛋白ACE抑制肽的制备及其稳定性研究

以高粱为原料,通过碱法提取制备高粱碱溶蛋白,利用不同蛋白酶对其进行酶解,结果表明Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解高粱蛋白得到的水解产物水解度和血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制率最高。在此基础上进一步考察了碱性蛋白酶酶量、pH值、温度、反应时间这4个因素对水解产物ACE抑制率的影响,并通过响应面实验优化酶解条件,得到Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解高粱碱溶蛋白制备ACE抑制肽最优工艺为:酶解温度55.5℃,酶解时间1.68 h,pH值7.95,酶量2 360 U/g,此条件下实测ACE抑制率达到75.98%,该ACE抑制肽具有良好的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性,并且在体外经胃肠道酶系消化酶解后,依然能保持良好的抑制活性。     

酶解鳙鱼鱼肉蛋白制备ACE抑制肽工艺参数优化

采用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4L对鳙鱼鱼肉蛋白进行水解,制备血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽。以酶解物ACE抑制率为指标,先进行单因素实验,确定底物浓度([S])、温度、pH、酶用量及水解时间5个因素的最适水平范围,再通过响应面分析法(RSM)对加酶量、温度和水解时间3个酶解工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:Alcalase水解鳙鱼鱼肉蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的最佳酶解条件为:[S]6%、加酶量2.2%、温度57℃,pH9.0及水解时间6.4h,此条件下酶解物ACE抑制率理论值为81.77%,验证实验结果ACE抑制率为81.52%,与理论值相符合。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.