蛋白质乳浊液体系稳定性研究进展

蛋白质乳浊液体系是食品中最重要的体系之一。如何提高蛋白质乳浊液体系的稳定性的问题一直是食品科学家关心的热点 ,文中主要介绍了蛋白质乳浊液体系稳定性的破坏 ,有关乳浊液体系稳定的理论以及影响乳浊液体系稳定性的因素 ,如蛋白质的功能性质 ,乳化剂以及pH值和盐等。同时 ,文中还介绍了多糖与蛋白质相互作用对蛋白质乳浊液体系稳定性的影响。     

多糖对蛋白质乳浊液稳定性影响机理研究

蛋白质乳浊液体系是食品中最重要体系之一,其稳定性问题一直是食品界研究热点,影响蛋白乳浊液稳定性因素很多;该文主要重点阐述不同多糖影响蛋白质乳浊液体系稳定性机理及多糖与蛋白质之间相互作用对蛋白质乳浊液体系稳定性影响。     

小分子乳化剂对食物蛋白质乳化特性的影响

探讨了小分子乳化剂在界面上对食物蛋白质乳化特性的影响。小分子乳化剂会对蛋白质的HLB值、界面流变学特性、热力学性质产生影响,通过与蛋白质的相互作用,影响蛋白质在界面的粘弹网络结构,而最终影响到食品乳浊液和泡沫的稳定性。     

糖基化反应改善植物蛋白乳浊液稳定性的研究进展

植物蛋白乳浊液是一种不稳定体系,糖基化反应能够有效地改善蛋白质乳浊液的稳定性。本文主要介绍了蛋白质糖基化的反应机理,综述了糖基化反应对大豆蛋白、花生蛋白、燕麦蛋白等各类植物蛋白乳浊液稳定性影响的国内外研究进展,并总结了乳浊液体系稳定性的研究方法。     

含乳果汁稳定性失衡机理的探究

综述了乳浊液稳定性失衡机理,分析了果汁与牛奶的配比、含糖量、稳定剂、乳化剂、酸度、络合剂等因素对乳浊液稳定性的影响,讨论了乳浊液稳定性的评价指标和测定方法。     

植物蛋白乳液稳定性研究进展

植物蛋白饮料是一类营养丰富、色香味均适合中国消费者的产品,但它也是一个复杂的热力学不稳定体系,既有蛋白质形成的悬浊液,又有脂肪形成的乳浊液,还有以糖、无机盐形成的真溶液,贮藏时间稍长便有蛋白质沉淀和脂肪上浮。所以通过研究植物蛋白、油脂、乳化剂、多糖之间的相互作用,来制备稳定的植物蛋白油脂乳状液是制备稳定植物蛋白饮料的前提。本文主要综述了近年来国际上有关植物(核桃、杏仁、花生、椰子)蛋白乳状液稳定性的研究进展。     

乳化剂用量对搅打稀奶油搅打性能和品质的影响机理研究

研究了乳化剂用量对搅打稀奶油的乳浊液粒度分布、脂肪球部分聚结、液相蛋白浓度、感官品质和泡沫稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:乳浊液冷却及解冻后脂肪球粒径随乳化剂用量增加而减小,随着乳化剂用量增加,脂肪部分聚结速度和液相蛋白质浓度增加速度加快,搅打起泡率和感官品质以乳化剂用量为0.60%时最好,搅打稀奶油稳定时间随乳化剂用量增加呈先增加后下降趋势,当乳化剂用量为0.60%时,稳定时间达到最大2.4h。综合考虑,当乳化剂HLB值为7,乳化剂用量为0.60%时,搅打稀奶油搅打性能和品质最佳。     

瓜尔豆胶对大豆分离蛋白乳浊液稳定性的影响

研究了不同pH值条件下瓜尔豆胶对大豆分离蛋白乳浊液乳析稳定性和絮凝稳定性的影响。研究结果表明 ,在瓜尔豆胶浓度低于 0 0 4%时 ,随着瓜尔豆胶浓度的增加 ,乳浊液的稳定性逐渐增加。当多糖浓度高于 0 0 4%时 ,液滴发生排斥絮凝 ,体系的稳定性急剧下降 ,更高浓度的瓜尔豆胶因与乳浊液液滴间的热力学不相容性而导致体系发生各向同性和各向异性相分离。     

单甘酯对酪蛋白乳浊液稳定性的影响

在酪蛋白乳浊液体系中研究了单甘酯用量对乳浊液界面乳化剂浓度、液相蛋白浓度、粒度分布、脂肪部分聚结率及离心乳析率的影响,探讨了单甘酯对酪蛋白乳浊液稳定性影响的机理。结果表明,随着单甘酯用量的增加,单甘酯在界面膜上的竞争吸附作用增强,界面单甘酯浓度和液相蛋白浓度均逐渐增高;表面积平均直径D(3,2)、体积平均直径D(4,3)、脂肪部分聚结率和离心乳析率均呈现先减小后增大趋势,单甘酯用量为0.6%时达到最小值,乳浊液稳定性最好。     

单甘酯对酪蛋白乳浊液稳定性的影响

在酪蛋白乳浊液体系中研究了单甘酯用量对乳浊液界面乳化剂浓度、液相蛋白浓度、粒度分布、脂肪部分聚结率及离心乳析率的影响,探讨了单甘酯对酪蛋白乳浊液稳定性影响的机理。结果表明:随着单甘酯用量的增加,单甘酯在界面膜上的竞争吸附作用增强,界面单甘酯浓度和液相蛋白浓度均逐渐增高;表面积平均直径D[3,2]、体积平均直径D[4,3]、脂肪部分聚结率和离心乳析率均先减小后增大,单甘酯用量为0.60%时达到最小值,乳浊液稳定性最好。     

食品功能因子传递系统——双层乳液研究进展

双层乳液是多层乳液的一种,一般通过层-层静电自组装技术形成两层界面层,其两个界面层可由蛋白质、多糖等生物聚合物或磷脂、吐温等小分子表面活性剂以静电吸附或共价结合的方式形成于乳液液滴的表面。作为一种传递体系,与传统的单层乳液相比,双层乳液在结构稳定性和抵抗环境压力（如酸碱度、温度和离子强度等）方面更具优势,能对所包埋的生物活性物质提供更好的保护,且具有一定的控释能力。双层乳液因其独特的优势在食品工业生产以及功能食品的开发等领域具有广阔的发展前景。本文结合近年来双层乳液的研究,从双层乳液的制备、界面层的材料、理化稳定性、作为一种传递体系的特点及其在食品领域的应用等方面进行综述。     

A comprehensive review on polarity,partitioning, and interactions of phenolic antioxidants at oil–water interface of food emulsions

There has been a growing interest in developing effective strategies to inhibit lipid oxidation in emulsified food products by utilization of natural phenolic antioxidants owing to their growing popularity over the past decades. However, due to the complexity of emulsified systems, the inhibition mechanism of phenolic antioxidants against lipid oxidation is rather complicated and not yet fully understood. In order to highlight the importance of polarity of phenolic antioxidants in emulsified systems according to the polar paradox, this review covers the recent progress on chemical, enzymatic, and chemoenzymatic lipophilization techniques used to modify the polarity of antioxidants. The partitioning behavior of phenolic antioxidants at the oil–water interface, which can be influenced by the presence of synthetic surfactants and/or antioxidant emulsifiers (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, and phospholipids), is discussed. In addition, the emerging phenolic antioxidants among phenolic acids, flavonoids, tocopherols, and stilbenes applied in food emulsions are elaborated. As well, the interactions of polar–nonpolar antioxidants are stressed as a promising strategy to induce synergistic interactions at oil–water interface for improved oxidative stability of emulsions.     

Emulsion-based delivery systems for lipophilic bioactive components

ABSTRACT:  There is a pressing need for edible delivery systems to encapsulate, protect, and release bioactive lipids within the food, medical, and pharmaceutical industries. The fact that these delivery systems must be edible puts constraints on the type of ingredients and processing operations that can be used to create them. Emulsion technology is particularly suited for the design and fabrication of delivery systems for encapsulating bioactive lipids. This review provides a brief overview of the major bioactive lipids that need to be delivered within the food industry (for example, ω-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, and phytosterols), highlighting the main challenges to their current incorporation into foods. We then provide an overview of a number of emulsion-based technologies that could be used as edible delivery systems by the food and other industries, including conventional emulsions, multiple emulsions, multilayer emulsions, solid lipid particles, and filled hydrogel particles. Each of these delivery systems could be produced from food-grade (GRAS) ingredients (for example, lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, surfactants, and minerals) using simple processing operations (for example, mixing, homogenizing, and thermal processing). For each type of delivery system, we describe its structure, preparation, advantages, limitations, and potential applications. This knowledge can be used to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate emulsion-based delivery system for specific applications.     

玉米醇溶蛋白基纳米颗粒的制备及应用研究进展

玉米醇溶蛋白是玉米中的主要储藏蛋白,是天然的两亲性高分子材料,因其具有自主装特性及在不同溶液中呈现不同的溶解特性,可通过多种方式构建成纳米颗粒,进而对生物活性物质进行荷载和输送,或用来稳定乳液。近年来,玉米醇溶蛋白基纳米颗粒在食品和营养物质运输领域的研究不断深入。研究发现,利用玉米醇溶蛋白与蛋白质、多糖、多酚、表面活性剂等物质进行复合,可以得到更加稳定且对生物活性物质包埋率、荷载量更高的玉米醇溶蛋白基纳米颗粒。本文对玉米醇溶蛋白基纳米颗粒的制备方法与种类、应用情况和目前存在的问题进行了综述,为玉米醇溶蛋白在食品领域的实际应用提供理论参考。     

Alginate‐Based Emulsion Template Containing High Oil Loading Stabilized by Nonionic Surfactants

Oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion‐gel systems containing high oil payloads are of increasing interest for food applications because of the reduction in encapsulation cost, consumption frequency or volume of food products. This study shows a facile approach to prepare stable alginate‐based O/W emulsions at high oil loading using a mixture of nonionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 20) as a template to form gelled‐emulsions. The synergistic effects of alginate and surfactants on the O/W emulsion properties were evaluated in terms of oil droplet size and emulsion stability. At 2% (w/v) of alginate and 1% (w/v) of surfactants, the size distribution of oil droplets was narrow and monomodal, even at an oil loading of 70% (v/v). The emulsions formed were stable against phase separation. The oil droplet size could be further reduced to below 1 μm using a high‐shear homogenizer. The emulsions formed could be easily molded and gelled into solids of different shapes via ionic gelation. The findings of this study create possible avenues for applications in food industries.     

多糖的修饰及其改善乳化性能的研究进展

天然多糖因其结构稳定、分子量高、具有多种生物活性、安全性高等优点而表现出良好的乳化和增稠作用,被作为乳化剂广泛应用于食品工业。然而,多糖的高亲水性、难溶解性等特点导致其在高温、高盐等条件下乳化性能较差,限制了其广泛应用。通过对多糖进行修饰可以改变其分子量、结构、疏水性等功能特性,提升其乳化性能。本文综述了物理、化学和生物等修饰方法对多糖分子结构、乳化性能等的影响及修饰多糖在乳状液中应用的研究现状和进展,分析了目前修饰方法中存在的问题,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望,旨在为改善多糖乳化性能的进一步研究和拓宽其应用领域提供理论依据。     

Optimization of emulsions

The optimization of three emulsions with predetermined components was performed by the aid of experimental design. Three different surfactants were compared: the salts of hexadecylhydrogenphosphate with diethanolamine, lysine and arginine respectively. Optimized microemulsions showed quite high stabilities towards centrifugation (30–60 min at 7000 rpm). The results showed that the counter-ion can affect the composition and stability of an emulsion.     

Protein Stabilization of Emulsions and Foams

ABSTRACT: Proteins play an important role as macromolecular surfactants in foam and emulsion-type food products. The functioning of proteins in these applications is determined by their structure and properties in the adsorbed layers at air-water and oil-water interfaces. In addition, because typical food proteins are mixtures of several protein components, interaction between these components in the adsorbed layer also impacts their ability as surfactants to stabilize dispersed systems. In this paper, recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation and stability of protein-stabilized foams and emulsions has been reviewed.     

Effect of carrier oils on the physicochemical properties of orange oil beverage emulsions

In this study, the effect of carrier oils on the physicochemical properties of orange oil beverage emulsions was investigated. The beverage emulsions were prepared by soybean soluble polysaccharides (SSPS) using a two-stage processing of homogenization. Results showed that the presence of carrier oils could improve the physical properties of beverage emulsions, including droplet size, size distribution and turbidity, compared with only orange oil in oil phase of the beverage emulsion. And the effect of long chain triglycerides on the physical stabilities of beverage emulsions was significant (p < 0.05) than that with medium chain triglycerides (MCT). The oxidation rate of orange oil in the emulsion was faster compared to that of the orange oil/carrier oils in emulsions. However, the rheological properties of beverage emulsions were hardly dependent on the carrier oils. In addition, all the emulsions exhibited near-Newtonian fluid behavior. These findings revealed that the physicochemical properties of the beverage emulsions could be effectively improved by the presence of carrier oils.