鸭儿芹多酶氧化酶特性的研究

以鸭儿芹多酚氧化酶的基本性质为研究目标,考察了鸭儿芹多酚氧化酶的反应进程及温度、pH、底物浓度以及酶浓度对其活性的影响.结果表明:鸭儿芹多酚氧化酶在反应过程中催化速率并不随时间的增加而增大,鸭儿芹多酚氧化酶的最适活性温度为40℃,pH为6.4,酶反应底物浓度为0.1 mg·mL-1,酶浓度为0.5Iμg·mL-1.     

赵州雪花梨多酚氧化酶酶学特性研究

研究赵州雪花梨多酚氧化酶的酶学特性.结果表明:以邻苯二酚为底物,雪花梨中多酚氧化酶的最适pH值为7.0, 最适温度为25 ℃;底物浓度与酶活成正相关,90 ℃处理4 min 可钝化其活性;酶反应动力学研究表明,以邻苯二酚为底物时,Vmax=437 U/min,Km=0.015 6 mM.     

山药多酚氧化酶的特性和抑制研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,410nm处测定山药多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,研究了pH、温度、底物浓度、酶浓度、抑制剂和激活剂对山药多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,山药PPO最适反应pH为6.5,最适反应温度为40℃;柠檬酸、草酸、L-抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢钠及半胱氨酸五种抑制剂对山药PPO均有抑制作用,其强弱依次为:L-半胱氨酸>抗坏血酸>草酸>柠檬酸>亚硫酸氢钠;硫酸铜和三氯化铁均有加速酶促褐变作用,强弱为CuSO_4>FeCl_3。     

金银花叶多酚氧化酶的酶学特性

对金银花叶多酚氧化酶(PPO)的酶学特性进行研究。以新鲜金银花叶片为原料,采用溶剂法从中提取多酚氧化酶粗液,研究不同的温度、pH值、底物浓度、抑制剂等因素对PPO活性的影响,建立酶促褐变动力学方程。研究结果表明,金银花叶PPO的最适温度45℃,最适pH6.5,安全、经济的褐变抑制剂柠檬酸;当以邻苯二酚为底物时,金银花叶PPO活性与底物浓度关系符合米氏方程的酶促反应动力学规律,最大反应速度Vmax=313U/min,Km=0.0197mol/L。     

芦荟多酚氧化酶特性的研究

研究了芦荟多酚氧化酶的基本性质。以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法在4 10nm处测定芦荟多酚氧化酶的活性,研究了温度、pH值、底物浓度以及酶浓度对其活性的影响,并建立了酶促褐变反应动力学方程。实验结果表明,芦荟多酚氧化酶的最适温度为4 0℃,最适pH值为6 5 ,其酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程所描述的单底物酶促反应动力学,相应的动力学参数Km=0 2 8mol/L ,Vmax=2 32×10 -2 U/min。文中还研究了利用蛋白酶抑制褐变的方法,以芦荟多酚氧化酶液(mL)∶木瓜蛋白酶(mL ,浓度0 5mg/mL) =5∶1的比例向芦荟多酚氧化酶粗酶液中添加木瓜蛋白酶,在5 5℃、pH5 7条件下,水解10min可较好地抑制多酚氧化酶的活性,从而抑制芦荟的酶促褐变。     

佛手瓜多酚氧化酶酶学特性研究

以佛手瓜中的多酚氧化酶为研究对象,对其酶学特性的研究表明：佛手瓜果实多酚氧化酶的最适pH 值为7.5,最适温度为30℃,底物浓度与酶活性呈正相关;该酶迅速催化焦性没食子酸的酶促氧化反应,但对邻苯二酚、对苯二酚和间苯二酚的催化活性较低。抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、四硼酸钠、MgCl2 和EDTA-2Na 对佛手瓜多酚氧化酶的抑制作用依次减弱,抗坏血酸、柠檬酸对佛手瓜多酚氧化酶的抑制作用随着浓度的升高而加强。     

苹果多酚对多酚氧化酶氧化特性的影响

本文以富士苹果中含量较多的绿原酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素和根皮苷为苹果多酚氧化酶（PPO）作用底物,以磷酸盐缓冲液为苹果汁酶促褐变模拟体系,通过连续测定酶促褐变模拟体系吸光度A420值的变化趋势,研究不同苹果多酚底物对PPO酶促催化特性的影响,并确定多酚氧化酶对该4种底物较适作用条件。结果表明,苹果多酚底物对PPO反应特性影响较大;PPO酶促氧化绿原酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素和根皮苷4种多酚底物适宜的pH分别为5.0、4.0、4.5、4.5;适宜的温度分别为55、70、60、50 ℃;PPO作用适宜的底物浓度分别为5、0.5、2、10 mM;适当提高酶活可促进酶促褐变反应,且该4种底物对多酚氧化酶的亲和力大小为：儿茶素>表儿茶素>绿原酸>根皮苷。该研究为苹果汁褐变控制提供理论依据。     

小麦多酚氧化酶酶学特性的研究

选取3个小麦品种作为试验材料,以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法在410 nm处测定小麦多酚氧化酶的活性,研究温度、pH值、底物浓度对其活性的影响以及酶促动力学常数Km,结果表明:小麦多酚氧化酶的最适温度范围为60～75℃,最适pH值为4.0～4.6,描述的单底物酶促反应动力学,相应的动力学参数km=0.19 mol/L,vmax=4.04×102(mol·L-1)·min-1.     

冬瓜多酚氧化酶的特性及抑制剂研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,采用'分光光度法在420 nm 处测定冬瓜多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,研究了不同温度和 pH 值对其活性的影响,并建立了酶促褐变反应动力学方程,探讨了抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢钠、柠檬酸和 EDTA-2Na 4 种抑制剂对冬瓜酶促褐变的抑制效果.结果表明,冬瓜多酚氧化酶的最适温度为20℃,最适pH值为6.0;冬瓜多酚氧化酶的米氏方程符合单底物酶促反应动力学,相应的动力学参数为 Kin=0.0118 mol/L,Vm=0.0586 U/min;化学抑制剂抗坏血酸、亚硫酸氢钠、柠檬酸和EDTA-2Na 对多酚氧化酶都有抑制作用,其活性分别为对照的25%、32%、62%和57%.     

“黑美人”马铃薯多酚氧化酶的特性研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,在413nm处测定黑美人马铃薯多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,研究了温度、pH、底物浓度对其活性的影响,并建立了酶促褐变反应动力学方程,探讨了L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、EDTA及亚硫酸氢钠五种抑制剂对酶促褐变的抑制效果。结果表明:黑美人马铃薯多酚氧化酶最适反应pH为6.3;最适反应温度为35℃;酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程描述的单底物酶促反应动力学,以邻苯二酚为底物,Km=0.0011mol/L,Vmax=142.23U/min.g;动力学方程为V=142.23[S]/(0.0011+[S]);五种抑制剂均对PPO酶促褐变具有抑制作用,其强弱依次为亚硫酸氢钠>L-半胱氨酸>抗坏血酸>EDTA>柠檬酸。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status