AHP-TOPSIS在瑜伽文胸舒适性主观评价中的应用

针对瑜伽文胸舒适性主观综合评判非量化、非系统化的问题,提出一种基于层次分析法(AHP)与逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)相结合的综合评判方法。从静态和动态因素分析影响瑜伽文胸舒适性的评判指标,运用AHP确定各评判指标的权重向量,并结合TOPSIS构建AHP-TOPSIS综合评判指标体系模型,计算出9款不同设计特征的瑜伽文胸综合优越度。结果显示:瑜伽文胸d_9静态与动态的综合舒适性最优;d_2、d_8次之,d_3综合舒适性最差。     

用模糊数学对羊毛衫性能进行综合评判

文中对经过不同工艺整理的羊毛衫试样的性能和风格进行了测试,采用模糊数学的方法建立了综合评判的数学模型,通过对权重的分配、各项评价指标范围的确定、各指标的Fuzzy化(模糊化)以及单因素综合评判向量Bk的计算,最终得出评判结果.其客观、准确,能与实际情况很好的吻合,表明利用此种方法对羊毛衫性能进行综合评判是可行的.     

基于红外光谱快速鉴别压榨油茶籽油与浸出油茶籽油的研究

为规范油茶籽油市场、维护消费者权益,建立了快速、准确鉴别压榨油茶籽油和浸出油茶籽油的方法。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对大量压榨油茶籽油和浸出油茶籽油样品进行扫描,提取特征波段数据,运用Savitzky-Golay平滑(SG)、多元散射校正(MSC)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)、一阶导数(FD)和二阶导数(SD)方法进行预处理,然后结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)、支持向量机(SVM)和BP人工神经网络(BPANN)建立鉴别模型。结果表明,偏最小二乘法和BP人工神经网络建模时,SG平滑预处理方法最好,得到的SG-PLS和SG-BPANN两模型的验证集相关系数、验证集均方根误差、鉴别准确率分别为0. 767 9和0. 921 2、0. 322 6和0. 205 9、88. 46%和100%;支持向量机建模宜采用SNV预处理,建立的SNV-SVM模型验证集相关系数、验证集均方根误差和鉴别准确率分别为0. 761 4、0. 882 1、88. 46%。因此,红外光谱技术用于鉴别压榨油茶籽油和浸出油茶籽油是可行的。     

基于高光谱成像技术的金华火腿无损分级检测研究

目的 建立金华火腿的质量等级评判模型。 方法 采用高光谱成像仪检测不同质量等级的金华火腿样本, 结合数据分析软件对得到的图像信息作主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘(PLS)分析。 结果 用PCA处理, 第一主成分(PC1)和第二主成分(PC2)的贡献率分别为86%和11%, 总贡献率为97%。PLS建立的判别模型中, 训练集和验证集的总体识别吻合率分别为96.19%和89.52%。 结论 将高光谱成像技术与一定的模式识别方法相结合建立评判模型, 是一种可行的金华火腿质量等级检验新技术。     

Z比分数-模糊AHP评价模型在卷烟成品实验室检测能力评价中的应用

为解决Z比分数法只能对卷烟成品实验室单个指标进行分析评价问题,将Z比分数、层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process)与模糊综合评价法相结合,建立了Z比分数-模糊AHP评价模型。评价分为8个步骤:构建卷烟成品实验室评价指标体系,利用AHP确定各指标权重,将实验室每个样品的指标检测值转化为Z比分数(Z,ZB,ZW),利用模糊评价方法建立评语集和对应的分数集,把每个指标各样品Z比分数在评语集各等级所占比例作为隶属度,形成模糊判断矩阵,最终得到实验室物测、烟气以及综合检测能力评价得分及排序。以10个实验室为例验证了该模型的综合评价能力。结果表明,该综合评估方法适用于多样品和多指标的实验室比对综合能力评价,可以整体评价实验室物测、烟气和综合检测能力,并可分析查找存在问题的指标,为卷烟成品实验室的优化改进及提升检测能力水平提供了支持。      

应用同步荧光光谱和支持向量机快速鉴别油茶籽油真伪

为快速鉴别油茶籽油真伪,采用同步荧光光谱和支持向量机建立油茶籽油真伪鉴别模型。结果表明,原始同步荧光光谱通过标准归一化(SNV)预处理,经过主成分分析提取5个主成分,选用径向基函数(RBF)作为核函数,采用经网格搜索和交叉验证优化得到的两个建模参数惩罚因子C=0.5和核参数γ=0.0313,建立的模型最佳。该模型对训练集和预测集的判别率均可达到100%。说明采用同步荧光光谱结合支持向量机可以快速、准确地鉴别油茶籽油真伪。     

利用THz时域谱技术和支持向量机回归法快速分析食用油成分

采用THz时域谱技术获得30个食用油样本的吸收谱,随机分为训练集和预测集.利用支持向量回归算法和气相色谱方法得到的参照测量值,在训练集上建立食用油中主要成分的预测模型,并用此模型对预测集样本进行预测.结果表明该模型对食用油预测的相关系数均在0.9以上,比传统PLS方法更为精确.     

国外科技资料目录

860178美国现代肉食:饮食时次和口味变化的挑战/Pehanick M./Prepd.Fd.,1985,Vol一54,和e 60一72(英)860179胡椒—通用香料并不都是辣的/Richa-rd D .M./Prepd .Fd.,l,56,Vol1 54,取6,129一131(英)分60180沙门氏菌新方法/Prepd.Fd.,、955,Vol .154,施6,158860181消费者如何使用微波炉/DonnaC.L.…/PrePd .Fd.,1955,Vol.154,地6,1 24一1 26(英)860182可口可乐食品公司果汁生产线昼夜不停/Mans J./Prepd .Fd.,1955,Vol1 54,地6,82一84(英)860183粒度对挤出大米快喂的特性的影响/Ch-auhanG.S.……/J.of Food Teehno一1.,1055,Vol…     

乐山绿心环路影响力的定量分析

乐山绿心环路的建成对乐山市人民的生活带来了一定的影响。由于评定影响力的因素是多方面的,且没有相关数据,因此首先通过定点观察和问卷调查获得相关数据,再根据综合评判原理确定相应的因素集,包括市民一周锻炼次数、对休闲健身场所的改善、城市美化、经济增长四个方面。在此基础上建立相对应的评判集(影响显著、影响较强、影响一般、影响较小)。从而对影响力进行综合评判,最终得到乐山绿心环路影响力较强的结果。     

傅里叶变换近红外光谱快速检测方便面油脂含量

利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术测定方便面油脂含量。光谱通过多元散射校正算法(MSC)处理后,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立模型,用定标集预测误差(SEC)、验证集预测误差(SEP)及其相关系数(Rc,Rv)评判模型好坏。结果发现,该法定标集预测误差和验证集预测误差分别为0.4456和0.4447,定标集和验证集相关系数分别为0.9798、0.9755;研究表明,利用近红外光谱技术能快速、准确测定油炸方便面油脂含量。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status