一些植物提取物对烟草甲虫生物活性的影响

测定了不同浓度的植物提取物在244、8和72 h后对烟草甲成虫的触杀毒力和驱避毒力。初步研究结果表明,筛选出的巴豆乙醇提取物、巴豆丙酮提取物、巴豆乙酸乙酯提取物、巴豆石油醚提取物、草乌丙酮提取物、草乌乙酸乙酯提取物、草乌石油醚提取物、驱虫草乙醇提取物、驱虫草丙酮提取物、川乌石油醚提取物、百部乙醇提取物、百部丙酮提取物、百部乙酸乙酯提取物、百部石油醚提取物、茵陈蒿乙醇提取物、茵陈蒿丙酮提取物等对烟草甲成虫有较好的触杀毒力;巴豆乙酸乙酯提取物、巴豆石油醚提取物、天南星科植物乙酸乙酯提取物、天南星科植物石油醚提取物、百部乙酸乙酯提取物、高良姜石油醚提取物、山鸡椒乙醇提取物、山鸡椒石油醚提取物等对烟草甲成虫有较好的驱避毒力。     

拐枣抗氧化活性的研究

用体外化学试验和TLC比较法对拐枣用乙醇、石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水提取物的抗氧化作用和抗氧化成分极性强弱进行了比较分析。结果表明拐枣提取物抗氧化作用从强到弱依次为乙酸乙酯提取物>正丁醇提取物>石油醚提取物>乙醇提取物>水提取物。拐枣具有较强的抗氧化活性,抗氧化活性成分主要存在乙酸乙酯提取物中。     

葡萄籽、松树皮和花生衣提取物中原花青素 成分研究

建立葡萄籽提取物中7种原花青素成分的高效液相色谱测定方法。以该方法对不同品种的葡萄籽、松树皮和花生衣提取物进行测定分析。结果表明:葡萄籽、松树皮和花生衣提取物中的原花青素成分种类和含量水平差异较大。不同品种的葡萄籽提取物中原花青素成分种类水平一致,不同品种的花生衣提取物中原花青素成分种类水平也一致,而不同品种的松树皮提取物中原花青素成分种类差距较大。该方法可以用于简单快速地区分葡萄籽提取物、松树皮提取物和花生衣提取物。     

贡水白柚柚皮黄酮的体外抗氧化作用

对贡水白柚柚皮乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化作用进行研究,同时与椪柑皮乙醇提取物、VC、没食子酸丙酯(PG)等物质的抗氧化作用进行对比。结果表明：在水杨酸体系中椪柑皮乙醇提取物上清液、VC 和PG 对羟自由基的清除能力分别是贡水白柚柚皮乙醇提取物上清液的5.515、1.320、0.428 倍;而椪柑皮乙醇提取物结晶、VC和PG 分别是贡水白柚柚皮乙醇提取物结晶部分清除能力的17.407、1.586、0.514 倍。在邻二氮菲体系中贡水白柚柚皮乙醇提取物对自由基的清除作用均弱于椪柑皮、PG 和VC,其中椪柑皮乙醇提取物上清液、PG 和VC 分别是贡水白柚柚皮乙醇提取物上清液清除能力的18.416、4.820、1.716 倍;而椪柑皮乙醇提取物结晶、PG 和VC 是贡水白柚柚皮乙醇提取物结晶清除能力的6.589、3.609、1.285 倍。椪柑皮乙醇提取物上清液、PG 和VC 对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用分别是贡水白柚柚皮乙醇提取物上清液的13.941、1.059、2.442 倍;椪柑皮乙醇提取物结晶、PG 和VC 是贡水白柚柚皮乙醇提取物结晶的5.908、1.471、3.392 倍。贡水白柚柚皮乙醇提取物具有一定的还原力,但弱于椪柑皮乙醇提取物、PG 和VC。     

旋链角毛藻活性物质的提取及抑菌作用研究

首先用杯碟法考察旋链角毛藻粗脂肪提取物、多酚提取物、萜类提取物和水提取物分别对4 种细菌和4 种真菌的抑菌活性;进而通过气相色谱法鉴定粗脂肪提取物的脂肪酸含量与组成,并推测其抑菌活性成分;最后测定旋链角毛藻石油醚提取物的最低抑菌浓度。结果表明：旋链角毛藻的粗脂肪提取物、多酚提取物和萜类提取物对供试菌株均有不同程度的抑制作用,石油醚提取的粗脂肪抑菌效果最明显,水提取物无抑菌作用;各种提取物对细菌的生长抑制作用普遍强于真菌,对革兰氏阴性菌的生长抑制效果尤为明显;只有石油醚提取物含有反式亚油酸、γ- 亚麻酸和二十碳二烯酸等8 种不饱和脂肪酸,因此推测旋链角毛藻中起抑菌作用的主要是这类弱极性多不饱和脂肪酸。     

石榴皮提取物的抗氧化作用研究

分别以水、甲醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯为溶剂,对石榴皮中的多酚进行了提取,得到4种提取物。采用油脂过氧化值(POV)法和二苯三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基法研究了提取物的抗氧化活性。结果显示,4种提取物均具有抗油脂过氧化和清除DPPH自由基的能力,其抗氧化活性随添加量的增加而增加。4种提取物中,丙酮提取物的抗油脂过氧化作用最大,其次为水提取物和甲醇提取物,乙酸乙酯提取物的抗油脂过氧化作用最小。当丙酮提取物添加量为猪油质量的0.1%时,其抗油脂过氧化活性接近添加量为0.02%茶多酚或BHT。4种提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力大小顺序依次为:水提取物、丙酮提取物、甲醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物。浓度为0.0175 mg/mL的水提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率高达85.2%,高于BHT,但略低于茶多酚。石榴皮多酚是一种有效的天然抗氧化剂。     

石榴皮提取物对大豆油的抗氧化作用研究

以大豆油为研究对象,考察石榴皮提取物对大豆油的抗氧化作用。采用Schaal烘箱法加速大豆油的氧化,研究石榴皮提取物对大豆油酸价、过氧化值和硫代巴比妥酸值的影响及抗氧化动力学特性,并与GB 2760—2014中允许添加的4种天然抗氧剂迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、竹叶提取物、甘草提取物和2种人工合成抗氧化剂BHA、BHT进行比较。结果表明:迷迭香提取物和石榴皮提取物具有很好的抗氧化效果,抗氧化效果最差的是BHT;石榴皮提取物对大豆油的抗氧化效果随着添加量的增加而增强。石榴皮提取物具有作为大豆油抗氧化剂的潜力。     

《植物提取物国际商务标准》有望于今年三月出台

日前．从中国医药保健品进出口商会获悉，首批植物提取物国际商务标准最快将于2013年3月出台。即将出台的11个植物提取物标准涉及产品分别是：越橘提取物、绿茶提取物、银杏叶提取物、葡萄籽提取物、水飞蓟提取物、虎杖提取物、积雪草提取物、柳枝提取物、人参提取物、橙皮苷及芦丁提取物。     

蒙古扁桃药材抗大鼠肾纤维化有效提取物部位的筛选

目的:筛选蒙古扁桃药材抗大鼠肾纤维化的有效提取物部位;方法:采用萃取法制备蒙古扁桃药材石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物及水部位提取物。70只大鼠随机分组,分别为假手术组、模型组、阳性药组(盐酸贝那普利)、石油醚提取物组、乙酸乙酯提取物组、正丁醇提取物组和水部位提取物组,模型制备采用单侧输尿管结扎术,除了假手术组大鼠只游离单侧输尿管不结扎,其他组别大鼠进行单侧输尿管结扎术。蒙古扁桃药材提取物不同极性部位组均按生药量1.5 g/kg大鼠体重给药。给药21 d后处死大鼠,测定肾纤维化相关指标。结果:石油醚提取物和正丁醇提取物可以增强肾组织及血清中SOD活力,降低组织及血清中MDA水平,降低组织中HYP水平,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);石油醚提取物和正丁醇提取物能够降低血清中肌酐、尿素氮、白蛋白水平。结论:筛选出蒙古扁桃药材石油醚部位和正丁醇部位是抗肾纤维化作用的有效部位。     

蜂胶乙酸乙酯提取物对意大利青霉菌的抑制作用及稳定性研究

本实验以青霉属的意大利青霉菌(Penicillium italicum)为研究材料,研究蜂胶不同溶剂提取物对意大利青霉菌的抑制作用及其对温度和pH 值的稳定性的影响。结果表明,乙酸乙酯提取物和乙醇提取物活性最高,氯仿提取物次之,石油醚提取物和水提取物活性最弱。提取物的抑菌活性与提取物中的黄酮含量和总酚呈显著正相关。乙酸乙酯提取物对意大利青霉的孢子萌发具有同样的抑制作用。蜂胶乙酸乙酯提取物溶液分别经过25、35、50、70、100℃的温度处理后其抑菌活性没有明显差异;在pH3.6～7.6 的范围内,随着pH 值的升高,提取物的抑菌活性先升高后降低,于pH5.2 时抑制率最高,pH4.4 时次之。这表明该蜂胶提取物能够有效的抑制意大利青霉的生长,在采后柑橘的防腐保鲜中具有良好的应用前景。     

酱油防腐剂的应用研究进展

综述了酱油防腐剂剂的种类及发展,重点概述了生物防腐剂以及天然植物提取物防腐剂的研究进展情况,酱油防腐剂的发展趋势以天然化、营养化、功能化占据主导地位,正在向生物防腐、药食同源的天然植物提取物防腐的方向发展.     

紫苏乙醇粗提取物对烟蚜的生物控制作用

利用化学分析法和生测技术测定紫苏乙醇粗提取物对烟蚜的生物控制作用。结果显示,紫苏乙醇粗提取物对烟蚜的生物活性较明显。在室内试验中,浓度为9、7 g DW/100 mL的紫苏乙醇粗提取物对烟蚜的拒食、忌避和毒杀活性较好,且持续效果也相对较好。对烟蚜的拒食活性分别维持在64.64%~79.34%和51.24%~61.24%,忌避率均达58.43%以上,而死亡率均在83.83%以上。室外大田试验中,紫苏乙醇粗提取物对烟蚜种群的干扰效果明显,7和9 g DW/100 mL浓度的紫苏乙醇粗提取物对烟蚜的大田拒食率分别为53.45%和65.56%,其干扰作用控制指数分别为0.367和0.468。研究结果表明,紫苏乙醇粗提取物对烟蚜的生物控制作用较好,可作为研制烟草保护剂的原料。     

葡萄籽提取物营养成分组成及其生物学功能研究进展

葡萄籽提取物由于具有较强的抗氧化活性,通常被用作一种营养保健品或膳食补充剂,可用于预防炎症、肿瘤、动脉粥样硬化等代谢疾病。文章综述了葡萄籽提取物中的营养成分组成和生物学功能,总结了葡萄籽提取物中的活性成分在抗氧化、抗炎症、抗肿瘤、抗菌和抗动脉粥样硬化方面取得的最新研究成果,讨论了葡萄籽提取物研究中的不足和未来的研究方向。     

Antioxidant activity of various extracts from an edible mushroom Pleurotus eous

Pleurotus eous is a pink edible oyster mushroom cultivated in Coimbatore. The aim of present study was to evaluate antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate, methanol, and hot water extracts from P. eous using various in vitro ROS/RNS generated chemical and biological models. Results demonstrated that the graded-dose (2–50 mg/mL) of various extracts markedly scavenged the DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals, and showed metal chelating ability, reducing capacity in Fe³⁺/ferricyanide complex, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. In biological models, different extracts were found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in brain and liver homogenate. Total antioxidant activity was high in methanolic extract. Hot water extract showed higher amount of total phenol and methanolic extract showed higher amount of flavonoid as compared to other extracts. Based on EC₅₀ values it can be concluded that the various extracts from P. eous were good in antioxidant properties with methanol and ethyl acetate extracts being more effective. The results of this study showed that various extracts could serve as natural antioxidants owing to their significant antioxidant activity.     

香辛料在水产品保鲜应用中的研究进展

水产品中蛋白质、水分、脂肪含量丰富,容易引起氧化和微生物繁殖导致腐败变质,因此水产品贮藏保鲜技术是水产领域的重要研究方向之一。香辛料作为一种新型、健康、无副作用的生物保鲜剂,对水产品具有明显的抑菌及抗氧化作用,进而能保持水产品的贮藏品质并延长其货架期,在水产品的保鲜及贮运上具有巨大的潜在应用价值。本文主要介绍了香辛料对水产品保鲜的作用机制,尤其论述了香辛料在水产品贮藏保鲜应用中的最新研究进展,并分析了目前存在的问题,同时对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Chemical profiling of Punica granatum peels from Jordan using LC–MS/MS and study on their biological activities

A paucity of local information concerning the chemical profiles and biological activities of extracts obtained from less-studied P. granatum peel of Jordanian origin was considered in this study for the first time. Fractionation of the crude ethanol extracts was performed because of their higher phenolic and flavonoid contents compared to the water and acetone extracts. The chemical compositions of the respective samples, that is, extracts/fractions were identified by LC–MS/MS, and the elemental content of the raw materials was also analysed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Antioxidant activities of extracts and fractions were evaluated against DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, and the antibacterial activities were investigated by disc diffusion method and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). The LC–MS/MS results correlated strongly with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, where ethanol displayed higher efficacy for extracting bioactive ingredients. Overall, a total of 19 phenolics were detected in the ethanolic peel extract of P. granatum. All of the analysed extracts showed strong antioxidant activities. Fractionation of ethanolic extracts resulted in fractions with almost similar chemical LC–MS/MS profiles, but the relative proportion of constituents was different. All fractions showed lower intensities of antioxidant capacities than crude extracts, highlighting the superiority of some components, either individually or combined, as well as their relative proportion on the biological activity of each fraction. The results of the present study emphasise the need to further explore the effect of putative interactions among plant bioactive ingredients and focus on possible interactions with drugs along with foods.     

Antiproliferative and antibacterial activity of extracts of Ganoderma strains grown in vitro

Food Science and Biotechnology - In this bioprospecting study the biological activities of extracts of the in vitro culture of Ganoderma Mexican strains were evaluated. The extracts were tested by...     

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the Biological Activity of Green Tea Byproduct Extracts and a Comparison with Green Tea Leaf Extracts

ABSTRACT:  Green tea byproduct extract powder, a major byproduct of the green tea industry, was prepared and investigated for its biological activities after a gamma-irradiation treatment for the purpose of a brightened color. The color, total phenolic contents, antioxidative activity, tyrosinase inhibition activity, cancer cell proliferation inhibition effect, and antimutagenicity were measured and compared with those of a green tea leaf extract powder. Hunter L* values of the irradiated green leaf and byproduct extracts were increased in a comparison with the nonirradiated extracts. The contents of total phenolic compounds of the green tea leaf and byproduct extracts were 424.2 ± 11.45 and 335.5 ± 18.65 mg/g of sample, respectively. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the 20 ppm green tea leaf and byproduct extracts were 68.2% and 57.6%, respectively. Ferric-reducing ability of the samples showed similar results to the DPPH radical scavenging capacity. The samples showed an inhibition of tyrosinase and also a cancer cell proliferation inhibition effect. Especially, the antimutagenicities of the byproduct extracts showed a strong inhibition effect (96.20% and 57.77%) on 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp) and 2-nitrofluorene (NF), respectively. Results indicated that, although the biological activity of green tea byproduct extracts is less than that of green tea leaf extract, it may be a potential source of a functional ingredient. In addition, irradiation can be applied to improve the color and biological activity of the material.     

树舌MP-01菌株提取液抑制TMV生物活性研究

本实验从病毒体外钝化、抑制病毒初侵染、抑制病毒增殖和诱导抗性4个方面测定了树舌MP-01菌株提取液对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)生物活性的影响。结果表明,MP-01菌株提取液对TMV体外钝化效果显著;对TMV初侵染、增殖有一定的抑制作用,且能诱导烟草产生一定的抗病性。     

Biological properties of butanol extracts from green pine cone of Pinus densiflora

Food Science and Biotechnology - This study examined the biological functions of the butanol extracts of green pine cones (GPCs) that had not ripened completely. The butanol extracts of GPC showed...