沙棘籽提取物抑菌能力的研究及其生物活性成分分析

选取蒙古国不同产地和不同培育方式的5种沙棘籽的活性成分进行了提取,研究了提取物对常见致病菌的抑菌能力,并对其中的生物活性成分进行了分析。结果表明,野生沙棘籽1号提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌能力最强,抑菌圈直径可达（12.3±0.5） mm,而3号提取物具有广谱抑菌能力,对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞杆菌的抑菌能力最强,抑菌圈直径分别达到(11.5±0.5） mm、（12.3±0.2） mm和（11.9±0.3） mm,并且随着沙棘籽提取物的用量增加,其抑菌能力增强。沙棘籽提取物中主要的生物活性成分主要为植物甾醇、黄酮类物质、植物磷脂和维生素C,其中植物甾醇含量越高,对应的抑菌能力越强。     

沙棘油提取工艺研究进展北大核心CSCD

沙棘油是一种含有不饱和脂肪酸和生育酚、类胡萝卜素、甾醇、多酚等多种生物活性成分的特种油脂,其提取工艺主要有溶剂法、超临界CO2法、水代法、水酶法、超声波辅助法和微波辅助法。主要综述了沙棘油现有提取工艺的研究进展,比较了不同提取工艺对沙棘油中脂肪酸及生物活性成分的影响,以期为优化沙棘油提取技术、深度开发利用沙棘油提供指导。     

沙棘营养价值及产业发展概况

沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）是一种药食同源植物,含有丰富的营养物质和生物活性物质,具有多种生物活性和保健功效。沙棘化学成分以黄酮类和皂苷类为主,还含有丰富的维生素、氨基酸、微量元素等多种营养成分。食用沙棘具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血糖、改善血脂代谢等生理作用。沙棘的合理开发利用,能够带来巨大的社会效益和经济效益。该文对沙棘的营养成分、保健功能和综合产品开发等方面所取得的成就进行归纳,为沙棘的深入研究和开发提供借鉴和参考。     

刺梨的生物活性成分及食品开发研究进展

刺梨含有多种生物活性成分,主要有维生素C、儿茶素、有机酸、多糖、黄酮、β-谷甾醇等物质,这些成分具有特殊的生理功能和生物学活性。综述了我国刺梨生物活性成分及食品开发方面的研究现状,并提出了刺梨生物活性成分的开发前景,以期为我国刺梨保健食品的加工开发提供一定的借鉴。     

薄壳山核桃主要生物活性成分及其作用研究进展

为了更好地推动薄壳山核桃生物活性成分的相关研究,对薄壳山核桃不饱和脂肪酸、酚类化合物、维生素E、植物甾醇、角鲨烯、类胡萝卜素等主要生物活性成分研究进展进行了综述,并总结了薄壳山核桃及其提取物在抗氧化、降血脂、降血糖、保护肝脏、抗癌等方面的保健作用。薄壳山核桃含有丰富的生物活性成分,基于其生物活性成分的新产品开发将是未来研究的重点。     

枣果实中生物活性成分与生物活性的研究进展

枣(Zizyphus jujuba Mill)属于鼠李科枣属,是我国第一大干果树种和第七大果树,其果实是一种药食两用同源食品。枣果具有多种生物活性,包括抗癌、抗氧化、抗炎、护肝、免疫刺激、护肠、抗焦虑、防止肥胖、抑菌等特性。目前的研究主要集中在枣果化学成分分离、结构鉴定、含量测定以及生物活性等方面。化学成分研究结果表明枣果中主要有多糖、酚酸、黄酮、萜类化合物、核苷和核苷碱基、生物碱、胡萝卜素、α-生育酚、维生素C、挥发油类化合物等多种有益成分,其中多糖、黄酮、酚酸、萜类化合物和环核苷酸是枣果中主要功能性成分。多糖是枣果发挥护肝和免疫刺激作用的物质基础;维生素C、酚酸和黄酮类化合物是枣果中主要的抗氧化物质;三萜类化合物是枣果中主要的抗癌活性成分。     

红枣生物活性成分的研究进展

红枣中含有多种生物活性成分,具有较高的营养和保健功能。对近年来红枣中的多糖、酚类、环核苷酸、皂苷、三萜类化合物、生物碱以及香精油等生物活性成分的研究进行综述,旨在为红枣功能性产品的开发提供参考。     

茶叶生物活性成分的功能与提取制备

为了充分利用低档茶叶中的生物活性成分,介绍了茶叶中所含茶多酚、茶多糖、茶蛋白、氨基酸、咖啡碱及维生素等具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤等生物活性成分,以及通过溶剂浸提和柱层析分离纯化等提取制备茶叶生物活性成分的方法,认为将这些活性成分应用于食品、化工及医药等行业,具有广阔的前景。     

杜氏盐藻及其在功能食品中的应用

杜氏盐藻含有蛋白质、天然维生素、矿物质、不饱和脂肪酸以及多糖等,其中β-胡萝卜素、多糖等营养成分具有生物活性,可应用于功能食品。本文综述了国内外对杜氏盐藻的营养成分分析、毒性、生物活性成分及其功能研究,最后总结了杜氏盐藻在食品中的开发利用现状和发展前景。     

芽苗活性成分研究进展

对芽苗生长过程中含量逐渐增多的生物活性成分(如维生素、多酚、γ-氨基丁酸等)和抗氧化性等功能特性进行了综述,为改善人们的饮食结构和将其开发为可预防慢性疾病的功能性食品提供参考。     

沙棘活性物质研究及开发利用现状

沙棘是一种药食同源植物,含有丰富的氨基酸、脂肪酸、多糖、维生素、黄酮、甾醇等生物活性物质,具有很高的营养保健价值和药用价值。该文针对沙棘不同活性成分的特点以及相应的提取方法进行概述,同时综述沙棘不同活性成分的营养保健作用及利用现状,分析目前沙棘产品开发所面临的问题,展望以沙棘为原料产品的研究与利用前景,为沙棘产业的发展提供理论基础。     

微波预处理对沙棘油得率和品质的影响

在2 450 MHz、560 W的微波条件下,分别对沙棘籽、沙棘果肉和沙棘全果进行0~5 min预处理,研究微波不同时间对溶剂法所提沙棘籽油、沙棘果油及沙棘全果油的得率和品质的影响。结果表明,微波预处理能提高沙棘籽油、沙棘果油和沙棘全果油的得率,最高增加比例分别为9.49%、28.35%、18.21%;随着微波时间的延长,沙棘籽油中维生素E含量呈下降趋势,而沙棘果油和沙棘全果油则相反;3种油中植物甾醇含量先增加后减少;沙棘籽油总酚呈先增加后减少的趋势,沙棘果油和沙棘全果油则呈上升趋势;微波也会导致过氧化值和酸价的升高,而微波预处理对脂肪酸组成的影响不大。由此可见,合适的微波预处理时间能同时提高沙棘籽油、沙棘果油和沙棘全果油得率及改善其营养品质。     

Sea buckthorn berries: A potential source of valuable nutrients for nutraceuticals and cosmoceuticals

Sea buckthorn (Hippopha? rhamnoides L.), an ancient crop with modern virtues has recently gained worldwide attention, mainly for its nutritional and medicinal value as the berries contain different kinds of nutrients and bioactive compounds including vitamins, fatty acids, free amino acids and elemental components. This review briefly summarises the current literature and discusses its potential as a crop and its post harvest processing. The available compositional data regarding sea buckthorn berries is tabulated to produce a comprehensive source of recent information on chemical and medicinally important constituents of different origin and varieties. The presence of valuable chemicals and nutritionally important constituents in sea buckthorn berries, and from the scientific knowledge of their importance, it is clear that sea buckthorn berry is one of the most important sources of these constituents, and should be used as alternative nutritional sources in the commercial market. Similarly in depth investigation on the effect of processing on the total nutrient content of sea buckthorn berries species growing in different agro-ecological regions needs to be carried out. Thus, several important knowledge gaps identified in this paper would give impetus to new academic and R&D activities, in turn generating innovative job profile in food and cosmoceutical industries.     

Sugars,acids, ethyl β-d-glucopyranose and a methyl inositol in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) berries

Sea buckthorn berry is a rich source of nutrients and bioactive components beneficial for human health. Sugars and acids play an important role in determining the sensory properties of the berry. Sugars, acids, ethyl β-d-glucopyranose and a methyl inositol were analysed in berries of three subspecies (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. sinensis, rhamnoides and mongolica) collected from China, Finland and Russia over four consecutive years. Fructose and glucose were the major sugars, and the dominating acids were malic and quinic acids. Origin and harvesting date have significant impacts on sugars, acids and sugar/acid ratio in the berry. During the harvesting period, the sugar content followed different changing patterns in berries of different subspecies. Ethyl glucose dominated in the sugar fraction of ssp. rhamnoides but existed only in trace amounts in the other two subspecies. In ssp. rhamnoides, the level of ethyl glucose increased during the harvesting period; the increase was accompanied by a decrease in glucose content, indicating the presence of a biochemical pathway converting glucose into its derivatives. A methyl inositol was identified for the first time in sea buckthorn with higher levels found in ssp. sinensis than in the other two subspecies. The levels of ethyl glucose and methyl inositol may be important sensory and nutritional quality factors of sea buckthorn berry. The data presented by this study provide important chemotaxonomic information characterising different subspecies of sea buckthorn and useful guidance for breeding, harvesting, and industrial utilisation of sea buckthorn.     

Optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë thamnoides L.) oil using response surface methodology

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the conditions of supercritical CO₂ extraction of the whole berry oil from sea buckthorn. The effects of pressure, temperature, CO₂ flow rate and extraction time on the yield of oil, vitamin E and carotenoids were investigated. Results showed that the data were adequately fitted into three second-order polynomial models. The independent variables, the quadratics of pressure and extraction time, the interactions between pressure and temperature, pressure and extraction time, temperature and extraction time, as well as flow rate and extraction time had a significant effect on the yield of the oil, vitamin E or carotenoids. It was predicted that the optimum extraction conditions within the experimental ranges would be the extraction pressure of 27.6 MPa and temperature of 34.5 °C with flow rate of 17.0 L/h and extraction time of 82.0 min. Under such parameters, the yields of oil, vitamin E and carotenoids were predicted to be 208.0 g/kg, 288.7 mg/kg and 620.0 mg/kg dry sea buckthorn berry, respectively. Monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant in the whole berry oil, accounting for over 62% of the total fatty acids.     

沙棘活性成分、生理功能及开发利用研究进展

文章对沙棘中的黄酮、多酚、多糖、维生素和不饱和脂肪酸等活性成分及其抗炎、抗癌、调节免疫、抗衰老、抗氧化等多种生理功能进行了介绍,并总结了沙棘产品开发所面临的问题及相应的解决方法,可将沙棘开发成具有保健作用的果汁、果酒、沙棘油、酵素和酸奶等功能性产品,提高沙棘中各种活性成分的利用价值。     

沙棘油功效成分及药理功能研究进展

沙棘具有悠久的药用历史,沙棘油根据来源不同分为沙棘籽油和沙棘果油。沙棘果油和沙棘籽油均含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸、生育酚、β-类胡萝卜素和甾醇类物质。研究表明,沙棘油具有丰富的药理功能,对心脑血管和胃肠道的保护作用,滋润皮肤、促进皮肤组织再生和上皮组织愈合、改善皮肤衰老现象的作用,缓解干眼症和辅助保护化学性肝损伤的作用。除此以外,沙棘油还具有一定的抗炎、抗氧化、增强免疫力的功能。通过对沙棘果油和沙棘籽油的功效成分、药理功能及其开发利用现状等进行综述,以期为沙棘油功能产品开发提供一定的理论基础和依据。     

Analysis of carbonyl compounds in sea buckthorn for the evaluation of triglyceride oxidation,by enzymatic hydrolysis and derivatisation methodology

Carbonyl compounds formed in sea buckthorn berry (Hippophae rhamnoides) and oil samples as a result of lipid oxidation were determined by enzymatic hydrolysis followed by derivatisation with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and analysed by LC–UV and electrospray ionisation (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Several classes of carbonyl compounds such as saturated, unsaturated, linear and branched aldehydes and ketones, aromatic aldehyde, dicarbonyls and carboxy aldehydes were identified based on fragmentation pattern, molecular weight and retention time. The lower carbonyls such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were found to be predominant in the berry samples and acetaldehyde was found to be the most abundant carbonyl. In the sea buckthorn pulp oil sample, longer aldehydes and carboxy aldehydes dominated, thus clearly demonstrating the benefit of the enzymatic step when analysing oxidation products originating from triglycerides.     

5个杂交沙棘品种果实营养成分比较分析

为综合开发沙棘生物资源,以杂雌优1号、杂雌优2号、杂雌优10号、杂雌优12号、杂雌优54号等5个杂交沙棘果实为试材,比较分析果实中维生素C、维生素E、总黄酮、花青素、可滴定酸、β-胡萝卜素、可溶性糖、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖等营养成分含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及其相关性。结果表明,各营养成分含量与沙棘品种及成熟度有关。参试5种杂交沙棘品种完全成熟时,维生素C和维生素E含量分别可达318.28～531.78 和7.60～13.14 mg/100 g,可溶性糖和可滴定酸含量分别为32.61~84.36 mg/g、0.97%~1.95%,β-胡萝卜素和总黄酮含量分别为22.31~47.82 μg/g、1.41~3.53 mg/g。参试5种杂交沙棘品种中,杂雌优10号沙棘果实营养成分含量较高。相关性分析显示,5个杂交沙棘果实的V_E、β-胡萝卜素、花青素、葡萄糖、总黄酮含量互为极显著正相关（P<0.01）。研究结果为杂交沙棘在食品、保健品等方面的加工利用提供理论依据。