Meso-四(4-氯苯基)叶啉测定小麦面粉中痕量铜的研究

建立一种测定小麦面粉中痕量铜的新方法.研究在Tween-80存在下.铜与非水溶性试剂meso-四(4-氯苯基1卟啉的显色反应条件,提出一个高灵敏度测定铜的分光光度法.络合物的最大吸收波长为417 nm、组成摩尔比为1:1、铜含量在0～8μg/10 mL范围内有较好的线性关系,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.12×105 L/mol·cm,并将其应用于面粉中痕量铜的测定,结果令人满意.     

有机溶剂CCl4萃取法测定酱油中的微量铜

采用DDTC(铜试剂)-光度法测定酱油中的微量铜,研究了DDTC与铜显色反应的条件。结果表明,在pH9.5~11.0条件下,铜试剂与Cu(Ⅱ)生成棕黄色的络合物,其最大吸收波长442nm,铜含量在0.02~4.50μg/mL范围内遵从比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=1.34×103L.mol-1.cm-1。     

N—甲基—N‘—（对氨基苯磺酸钠）硫脲测定铜的研究

研究了用显色剂 N-甲基 -N′-(对氨基苯磺酸钠 )硫脲 (MPT)测定铜的条件 .在 p H为 6.0～ 6.4的 Na2 HPO4-KH2 PO4缓冲溶液中 ,Cu( )与 MPT形成摩尔比 1∶ 6的蓝色水溶性络合物 ,其吸光度最大处对应波长λmax =3 0 4 .5nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε30 4 .5 =3 .53× 1 0 4 L· mol- 1 · cm- 1 ,Cu( )含量在 0 .2 mg/ L～ 1 .6mg/ L范围内符合比耳定律 ,相关系数 r=0 .9998.该方法用于人发中铜的测定 ,所得结果及回收率令人满意 .     

对氯偶氮安替比林分光光度法测定茶叶中的铜

作者研究了铜(Ⅱ)与对氯偶氮安替比林的显色反应,实验结果表明,在pH值为4.0的缓冲溶液中,铜与对氯偶氮安替比林形成稳定的蓝色配合物,最大吸收波长为632nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为3.78×104L/(mol·cm).铜质量浓度在0～1.2μg/mL范围内符合比耳定律,该方法可用于茶叶样品中铜(Ⅱ)的测定.     

灿烂黄褪色光度法测定调味品中铜含量

研究铜(Ⅱ)与1,10-菲啰啉和灿烂黄的络合反应,建立褪色光度法测定铜含量的新方法。通过试验优化酸度、1,10-菲啰啉用量、灿烂黄用量、反应温度和反应时间等测定条件。结果表明,最大褪色波长为474nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为7.92×104 L/mol·cm,铜(Ⅱ)浓度在0~0.6μg/mL范围内服从比尔定律,检出限为4.89μg/L。方法用于测定调味品中铜含量,结果与原子吸收光谱法一致,相对标准偏差为1.02%~1.36%(n=5),回收率为99.8%~102.1%。     

卟啉分光光度法测定豆类微量Cu(Ⅱ)含量

以meso-四(4-氯-3-磺酸钠基苯基)卟啉为显色剂,采用分光光度法,研究了该试剂与Cu(Ⅱ)络合反应,以及各种因素对吸光度的影响,从而确定了最佳测定条件.在pH条件为5.0、β-环糊精、盐酸羟胺介质中沸水浴加热5 min,卟啉与Cu(Ⅱ)可完全络合.络合后再加入(1+1)HCl,在423 nm处测定络合物的吸光度,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.12×105L·mol-1·cm-1,线性范围为0～1.2 μg/10mL,抗干扰能力强.该法首次应用于测定豆类中微量Cu(Ⅱ)含量,测定结果满意,有利于建立适合小企业采用的微量铜测试方法.     

偶氮类显色剂的合成及其在口蘑微量铜测定中的应用

本文合成了偶氮类试剂3,5-二甲酸-4'-羟基偶氮苯,并研究了其与铜(Ⅱ)的显色反应。应用分光光度计测定了3,5-二甲酸-4'-羟基偶氮苯的用量、四硼酸钠缓冲溶液用量对生成配合物的影响,建立了一种测定口蘑中微量铜的新方法。结果表明:铜(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在0~2.5 μg·mL-1内遵从比尔定律,其回归方程为Y=0.1696x+0.0237,R2=0.9921,摩尔吸光系数为4.3×104 L·mol-1·cm-1,铜(Ⅱ)与3,5-二甲酸-4'-羟基偶氮苯形成1:1的配合物。加标回收率为97.0%~101.3%,RSD为0.93%~1.50%。本实验采用新的紫外分光光度法检测铜离子,操作简单、选择性好,用于口蘑中铜的测定,结果为(5.95±0.49)mg/100 g,与ICP光谱仪测得量为(5.89±0.09)mg·100 g-1几乎一致。     

四-(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉测定食品中的痕量铜

以水溶性α.β.γ.δ—四—(4—三甲铵苯基)卟啉[T-(4-TAP)P]作显色剂,测定了食品中的痕量铜。对实验条件及共存离子的干扰进行了探讨。在乙醇介质及强酸条件下测定时,其选择性及灵敏度均有显著提高。摩尔吸收系数为4.5×10~5 1mol~(-1).cm~(-1)最小检验量为:0.14ng/cm~2,回收率为96.2～106%,变异系数为:0.46～3.6%。操作简便,结果满意。     

铬黑T光度法测定粮食中的微量铜

建立光度法测定粮食中微量铜(Ⅱ)的新方法。研究表明,pH 10.0硼酸-氯化钾-氢氧化钠缓冲介质中,铜(Ⅱ)与铬黑T发生灵敏的显色反应,生成桃红色的配合物,当显色时间20min,显色剂用量达2.5mL时为最佳条件。配合物最大吸收波长为540nm,表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)为2.99×104L/(mol·cm),铜(Ⅱ) 在0～1.2μg/mL范围内遵循比尔定律。样品测定结果与原子吸收分光光度法的测定结果一致。     

流动注射-分光光度法分析水体中的痕量铜

在碱性条件下(pH值约为9),双环己酮草酞二腙(BCO)可与Cu2+发生显色反应生成稳定的蓝色络合物Cu2+--BCO,其最大吸收波长约在603nm处.该方法在国内被广泛地用于手工比色分析水体,合金及纯金属中的微量/痕量铜.本项研究试图在此手工比色分析基础之上,引人流动注射--分光光度技术,以期提高该法分析痕量铜的自动化程度.文中深入讨论了酸度、BCO浓度及缓冲溶液对灵敏度的影响,对仪器的各项参数进行了详细的优化.实验表明,在最优的实验条件下,该方法具有良好的选择性和抗干扰能力,其线性范围为:25~200μg·L-1,线性方程:A=0.0392x(Cu2+,/μg·L-1)+0.6657,r2=0.9998.表观摩尔吸光系数为0.89x103mol·L-1·cm-1.测定120μg·L-1铜的加标水样,以20次连续进样计,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.61%.检出限(IUPAC)为2.5μg·L-1.样品的分析速度为20次/h.该方法各项参数可比现行国家铜的标准分析方法.在没有样品的浓缩、富集等复杂的样品前处理条件下,该方法可以直接分析地表水中痕量级(1g·L-1)的铜,回收率良好.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.