药食同源中药抗衰老研究进展

"药食同源"即"医食同源,药食同根",药食同源中药兼具了丰富的营养价值和药用价值。近年来,对药食同源中药进行抗衰老研究的报道越来越多,药食同源中药所具有的抗衰老活性也逐渐被人们所认知,因此将其开发成抗衰老药物具有广阔的发展前景。本文以药食同源中药为研究对象,通过其抗氧化活性以及已报道药食同源中药抗衰老研究的文献数量,筛选出可以用作抗衰老研究的中药;同时,以衰老机制为基础,对药食同源中药的研究进行综述,并对其今后的研究方向进行展望。     

食(药)用真菌多糖的研究进展

食(药)用真菌是一大类有大型子实体的高等真菌,俗称蘑菇或蕈,含有人体所需要的多种营养成分,如:真菌多糖、腺苷、黄酮、牛磺酸、有机酸等。20世纪70年代,日本学者率先证实了香菇多糖的抗肿瘤活性,从此食(药)用真菌多糖引起了生物学、医学、药物学、食品科学等领域的广泛关注,被称为"生物反应调节剂"。食(药)用真菌多糖由于其独特的生理活性,目前正成为国内国际众多学科领域研究的热点之一。本文综述了食(药)用真菌多糖的生物活性、构效关系、应用与开发前景等方面的内容,旨在为真菌多糖的深入研究和开发利用提供参考。     

看“食药警察”如何保卫餐桌

<正>去年国家食品药品监督管理总局挂牌,由过去的"九龙治水"变为以农业、食药监管部门为责任主体的监管新格局,使监管资源得以整合。近日,公安部宣布将设立"食药警察",这被视作治理食药安全顽疾的又一探索。近日,国家将设"食药(安)警察"的消息登上了各大媒体的头版。3月28日,国家食品药品监督管理总局、公安部联合召开"食品药品十大典型案例"会议,公安部治安管理局副局长华敬锋在会上宣布,国家将专设食品药品违法侦查局,以加大     

落实重效“放管服”食品抽检保安全——洛阳市食药监局领导到伊川督导安全抽检工作

正9月13日,洛阳市食药监局副局长刘德成到伊川县督导行政许可"放管服"改革和食品安全抽检工作。洛阳市食药局抽检科科长邱旭,伊川县人民政府食安办主任、县食药工商局局长陆胜利、副局长李云峰、李贯芳等陪同。刘德成首先听取了陆胜利关于伊川县食药工商局"放管服"、食品抽检等方面的情况汇报,查看了相关台账资料;然后到该县智慧服务中心看望了食药工商窗口工作人员,亲身体验了伊川县实行"放管     

给生活减点负——多风味杏仁冻可吸饮料的研制

正为响应"健康中国2030"的号召,越来越多的食品企业将目光锁定在天然原料上,以天然的"药食兼用"的药材为主要原料开发的健康食品受到人们的高度重视,本产品使用的原料生姜、杏仁、木瓜等均属药食同源,自古形成的药食同源理论便是积极发展多种功效食品的有力靠山。此外,本产品采用蛋白酶作凝固剂,其形成的凝胶体具有光泽和弹性,有较强的柔韧性,再添加适量结冷胶辅助提高产品的稳定性。振动不易碎裂或析出上清液,更具有嫩滑细腻的口感和质地。随着低糖饮食的概念深入人心,许多消费者都有意减少糖的食用。本产品使用三氯蔗糖替代部分白砂糖来降低糖含     

肉豆蔻在烹饪中的用法新探

随着人们保健意识的加强,"药食同源"原料越来越受人青睐,主要针对"药食同源"名单中的肉豆蔻,在中医药理论的指导下,将其药性、炮制、中药用法与现代烹饪中的应用相结合,以探求其在现代烹饪中的新用法,从而扩大其使用范围,使其更好地为人们所用,并为中医药在现代的发展提供借鉴。     

宣传国医理论 提供康复保健——发展中的湖南景元健康俱乐部

湖南量元健康俱乐部中国"今迈通"是一种药食同源的菌类复方制剂,开创了全球菌类药食复方制剂的新纪元,成为养生保健的知名品牌,被世界卫生组织定名为"人类救星"。2010年2月23日,中国医师协会指定其为唯一"治未病"菌类药食产品;2012年8月11日,成为中央网广告合作伙伴。     

金线莲总黄酮提取工艺优化及不同月龄、品系金线莲黄酮含量比较

目的:应用均匀设计法优化金线莲总黄酮提取工艺,并比较不同月龄和不同品系金线莲总黄酮的含量。方法:采用均匀设计法,考察乙醇浓度、液料比、提取时间和提取次数对金线莲总黄酮得率的影响,进行验证并测定不同月龄、不同品系金线莲总黄酮含量。结果:金线莲总黄酮最佳提取工艺为40倍量88%乙醇超声提取3次,每次80 min;验证试验总黄酮得率为1.68%(RSD=0.27%,n=3)。金线莲总黄酮含量与品系和月龄有关,组培金线莲总黄酮平均含量为11.091 mg/g,栽培4月龄和5月龄各品系金线莲总黄酮平均含量分别为14.359和18.730 mg/g,栽培4月龄的金线莲总黄酮含量由高到低为:大圆叶 > 尖叶 > 红霞 > 本地尖叶 > 本地圆叶 > 本地野生,组培金线莲经土壤种植其次级代谢产物总黄酮含量呈逐渐累积状态,在5月龄达到最高值。结论:优化的超声提取工艺合理、稳定、可行,为金线莲总黄酮测定和质量评价提供参考。组培金线莲和栽培金线莲总黄酮含量存在差异,土壤栽培有利于金线莲有效成分的积累,因此组培金线莲经土壤栽培是必要的。     

“药食同源”与保健食品

在《保健食品管理办法》(1996)公布以前,凡使用69种“药食同源”制成的保健品均属于食品。按照新的管理办法,不论是否使用“药食同源”之品,只要是功能性保健食品(如抗衰老、抗疲劳、减肥、免疫调节和改进学习记忆等)就不属于一般食品,必须按保健食品管理办法报批。同时,鉴于“药食同源”之品有几千年的食用历史和现代科学实验依据,因此,“办法”实施细则规定可免作毒理学实验,即不必提交安全性实验报告,食品与药品区别在于后者有严格的使用剂量要求。以药食兼用之品为原料报批保健食品仍需严格规定使用剂量。关于“药食同源”品种的功效成分定性、定量检     

不同原料复配组成对金线莲花草茶品质的影响

金线莲以其较高的营养价值与药理作用而受到重视,但其特有却并不令人喜爱的滋味极大地限制了它在食品工业领域的应用。该研究拟通过复配其他花草茶原料来改善金线莲固有的不良滋味特征,以期在充分利用其功能活性的同时获得更佳的风味品质。使用9种花草茶原料、21种原料配比,以感官品质、功能成分含量以及抗氧化活性为评价指标分析产品的综合品质。结果表明,金线莲与茶叶、夏枯球等成分复配不仅可以改善其感官品质还有利于其功能活性的最大化发挥,基于此,通过不同原料复配发现,金线莲∶白茶∶陈皮=10∶2∶3（质量比）与夏枯球∶白茶∶金线莲∶陈皮∶金花茶=4∶3∶6∶5∶5（质量比）是较优配方。该配方下金线莲的功能成分含量与抗氧化活性均保持在较优水平。该研究为改善金线莲固有的不良滋味特征提供思路,对金线莲在食品工业领域的广泛应用具有实践指导意义。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.