卫星遥感技术在盐行业中的应用

文章介绍了卫星遥感技术在盐业生产中的应用.首先简要介绍了我国盐业生产现状,并叙述了进行盐业生产监测的重要性;接着介绍了卫星遥感技术及其优点;最后以盐池面积估算为例,介绍了卫星遥感技术的原理和实现方法.     

人工神经网络及其在盐田水体遥感图像分类中的研究

卫星遥感技术的发展为盐业生产资源监测提供了有效的手段.文章首先介绍了遥感图像分类的原理及其常用方法,接着就人工神经网络基本概念和常用算法进行阐述,并着重介绍了反向传播网络(BP网络),最后以天津塘沽盐场区域为研究对象,用BP网络进行了盐田水体识别实验.     

中国盐业与地方会节

在中国盐业的演进发展历程中，盐业的经营和生产出于各种需要，逐渐形成了与盐业有关或由盐业的行业群体主办的地方会节，成为中国地方节中别具行业特色的组成部分。与中国盐业有关的地方会节，内容丰富，类型多样，有的起源于祭祀盐业神祗和纪念盐业人物；有的起源于盐业生产和经营；有的起源于化生活的需求。     

日本盐业生产技术的进步

本文介绍了日本盐业生产中的盐田、蒸发器、卤水结晶方法、浓缩技术等方面的内容，叙述了日本早期和明治维新以后盐业生产技术的发展状况。虽然，日本盐矿资源贫乏，但是，日本人以自己的聪明才智，因地制宜，使盐业生产技术得以迅速发展。     

北方海盐区特征天气过程的统计分析及预报

本文介绍了北方海盐区影响盐业生产的几种特征天气的形成过程，并提出了如何分析特征天气，做好预报，更好地为盐业生产服务。     

建国以来的四川盐业

新中国成立以来，四川盐业职工继承和发扬艰苦奋斗的传统美德，５０年代百废待兴，重建盐场，恢复生产；６０年代大打盐业翻身仗，加快基建技改步伐；７０年代和８０年代逐步实现制盐真空化，同时大打矿山之仗，从此结束了手工制盐及人力、畜力凿井采卤的历史；９０年代盐业职工承担起了食盐加碘，消除碘缺乏病的历史重任，食盐实行专管，工业盐逐步放开，盐业结构调整力度加大，四川盐业在改革大潮中面临着新的挑战和机遇。短短五十年间，四川盐业的发展远远超过了建国前两千多年。一、建国初期蓬勃发展的四川盐业（１９４９—１９５７年…     

江苏台南盐场藻垫的培养

本文介绍了台南盐场的藻类资源、优选藻种、藻垫的培养及养护以及藻垫的防渗效果试验，通过实地试验，肯定了生物垫层与盐业生产的关系，为盐业生产的优质高产提供了依据。     

遥感技术在药用植物资源中的应用

近20年来,遥感技术在药用植物资源的调查、区划和动态监测中被广泛应用。随着遥感影像分辨率的提高,药用植物遥感影像解译技术水平和识别精准度也在逐步提高。由于药用植物的识别特征差异和卫星遥感技术的限制,目前遥感技术在药用植物中应用的种类偏少,应用范围较小。无人机遥感适用于分散、不规则局部区域药用植物的识别与动态监测,可以较好地补充卫星遥感技术的限制。高光谱遥感技术在药用植物中的应用处于探索阶段。建议建立卫星遥感技术和无人机遥感技术相结合的药用植物资源动态监测平台,实现药用植物资源蕴藏量的估算与预报,形成药用植物产量和品质动态监测的长期机制,促进药用植物资源的协调可持续发展。     

岱山盐业气象雷达站在盐业生产中的作用

海盐生产是露天作业,对专业盐业气象服务需求非常高,天气预报准确与否直接影响盐业生产的产量和效益。岱山盐业气象雷达站（以下简称我站）,针对地方气象台（站）对专业盐业气象服务的不足而设立,在盐业生产旺季中对雷阵雨天气预报准确率可达98％以上,大大提高了盐业生产的效益,发挥了重要的作用,是盐业生产不可分割的一部分。     

浅谈盐政市场管理的客观必然性

浅谈盐政市场管理的客观必然性何克拉一、盐政及其历史回顾盐政，盐业行政的简称．指国家对盐业实施的组织、管理的过程和活动。其含义首先包括国家依法设置并授权的盐业行政机关代表国家对盐业行政；其次，这种行政管理活动和过程涉及盐资源开发、盐业生产、分配、交换和...     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status