柑橘类果汁混浊稳定化研究进展

柑橘类果汁的混浊稳定状态是其品质评价的重要指标，也是柑橘类果汁加工技术中的关键。综述了柑橘类果汁中混浊体系的组分构成及功能，柑橘类果汁的混浊稳定状态的各类影响因素以及加工生产中维持混浊稳定方法等方面的研究进展．以期为柑橘类果汁的混浊稳定问题的解决提供参考依据。     

柑橘类果汁脱苦技术研究进展

柚皮苷和类柠檬苦素是柑橘类果汁的主要苦味物质,其存在明显影响了柑橘类果汁的品质。介绍了脱除柑橘类果汁苦味的一些技术：代谢脱苦、吸附脱苦、酶法脱苦、屏蔽法脱苦、分离技术脱苦和基因脱苦等。     

柑橘类果汁的脱苦

介绍了柑橘类果汁的几种主要脱苦方法,并对今后柑橘类果汁的脱苦方法进行了展望。     

柑橘类果汁脱苦的研究进展

柑橘类果汁中苦味物质主要由柠檬苦素，柚皮苷等组成。对柑橘类果汁脱苦的代谢法、吸附法等9种方法进行了综述。     

几种柑橘类果汁中主要苦味物在加工过程中含量变化的研究

目的:研究榨汁温度、热处理、过滤等加工技术对几种柑橘类果汁主要苦味成分的影响, 为脱苦工艺提供试验依据.方法:采用高效液相色谱法检测3种柑橘类果汁中柚皮苷和柠檬苦素类化合物的含量, 比较不同的预处理方式、加热温度、加热时间对其含量的影响.结果:不同品种的柑橘果汁的主要苦味物质含量差别较大, 果实预冷至4℃后榨汁可减少苦味,果汁苦味物随热处理温度的升高而增加, 同时柚皮苷和柠檬苦素类化合物的含量分别在加热至20 min和15 min时达到最大值.结论:榨汁温度、热处理、过滤等加工技术对柑橘类水果的苦味物质含量具有重要的影响,控制适宜的工艺参数有利于减少果汁中苦味物质的含量.该研究对于柑橘果汁的脱苦工艺具有重要的参考价值.     

新地奥明在抑制柑橘类果汁苦味中的应用

柠碱和柚苷是柑橘汁和柑橘类果汁中的主要苦味成分,本文综述了苦味形成机理和添加新地奥明(Neodiosmin)对柑橘类果汁的苦味成分的抑制作用。     

柑橘类果汁降血脂作用的研究

目的:探讨柑橘类果汁的饮用对改善青年人群血脂的作用,为促进青年人群的健康、预防慢性疾病提供一定的依据。方法:以上海体育学院36名有轻度血脂偏高或超重的在校学生作为实验对象,年龄在18~33岁之间。对所有实验对象进行体质测量,并测血脂(HITACHI7600),包括TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C4项。之后随机分为饮食调节+果汁干预组(F+J)、饮食调节组(F)、果汁干预组(J)和对照组(C),每组9名实验对象,对F+J组和F组进行2周饮食调节后,分别进行3周的饮食调节或柑橘类果汁干预,果汁干预采用双盲法,之后测量血脂,并于3周后回访测血脂。研究结果:(1)5周饮食调节和3周的柑橘类果汁干预后,F+J组、F组和J组血脂均得到明显的改善,而对照组无显著性差异。(2)F+J组与F和J组相比,血脂改善的效果更为明显,其TC和LDL-C的下降值都明显高于F组和J组。(3)3周后回访,除C组外,血脂状况都出现一定的反弹,其中F+J组的TC、LDL-C明显上升,J组的LDL-C明显上升,F组的TC、LDL-C明显上升,对照组C无显著性差异。结论:(1)柑橘类果汁可在不改变生活习惯的情况下,显著改善青年的血脂水平。(2)柑橘类果汁干预和饮食调节相结合,对青年人的血脂水平改善效果更为显著。     

高稳定性番石榴果汁饮料的研制

近年来番石榴果汁受到消费者的欢迎,但生产过程中存在果肉沉淀、果汁氧化褐变及稳定性差等问题。本研究通过对果汁原料的控制及不同胶体复配稳定体系的构建,基本解决了番石榴果汁产品在货架期内的沉淀问题;通过采用维生素C结合天然抗氧化剂的复合使用,有效地减少了浅色系番石榴果汁产品在货架期内色泽褐变和口味氧化问题。     

柑橘类果汁中柠檬苦素的含量及其性质研究

对市售13种柑橘类果汁柠檬苦素含量进行测定,并研究柠檬苦素的抗氧化活性、抗菌活性和抗肿瘤活性。结果毒明,不同柑橘类果汁中柠檬苦素含量有显著差别;柠檬苦毒对猪油具有抗氧化作用,能够抑制枯草芽孢杆菌的萌发和生长,并在体外能显著抑制人胃癌细胞的生长,作用时间与存活率呈负相关,且呈一定剂量关系。研究结果为开发柠檬苦素功能食品添加剂提供了理论依据。     

新型柑橘贮藏保鲜剂的研究进展

柑橘类果实在贮藏运输中果实表面易被腐败菌浸染而导致货架期和贮藏时间缩短,柑橘的贮藏保鲜方法一直以来都是业界关注的热点问题。本文介绍几种具有无毒、可生物降解、对环境无污染等特点的新型杀菌保鲜方法,其中包括动植物多糖涂膜保鲜（壳寡糖）、植物源提取物保鲜（精油）、生物保鲜剂（微生物代谢产物槐糖脂和拮抗菌）等处理方法。综合分析不同处理方法对柑橘类果实的贮藏效果及其对腐败菌的抑制作用,并对柑橘类果实采后防腐保鲜技术的发展趋势及其商业化前景进行展望。     

超高压和热杀菌的蓝莓果汁饮料贮藏期品质的变化及货架期预测模型

比较了热杀菌（80 ℃,10 min）和超高压杀菌（550 MPa,10 min）的蓝莓果汁饮料产品贮藏期（54 d）品质的变化,并且预测了蓝莓果汁饮料的货架期。结果表明:蓝莓果汁饮料的贮藏期结束时,两种杀菌条件的蓝莓果汁饮料在不同贮藏温度（4、27和37 ℃）均未检测出微生物,说明杀菌彻底。蓝莓果汁饮料的pH和可溶性固形物在贮藏期间变化不大。超高压杀菌的蓝莓果汁饮料的品质较好,贮藏结束时蓝莓果汁饮料的抗坏血酸含量和总酚含量都较高。基于蓝莓果汁饮料的感官评分的变化采用动力学模型结合Arrhenius方程建立了4~37 ℃范围内的品质劣变动力学模型及货架期预测模型,并对其预测精确度进行了评价。所建立的模型的决定系数R2均在0.95以上,货架期预测相对误差大多在10%之内。因此,所建立的模型能够快速可靠地预测蓝莓果汁饮料的剩余货架期。     

Ultrasound and Antimicrobial Compounds: A Suitable Way to Control Fusarium oxysporum in Juices

This paper reports on the use of ultrasound, combined with either Na–benzoate or citrus extract, to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum in orange juice. In a preliminary step, spores of F. oxysporum were inoculated into distilled water and treated through an ultrasound equipment; the treatments differed for acoustic energy (the maximum power attained by the equipment was 130-W frequency, 20 kHz; the energy was reported as percentage of the maximum power, from 40% to 100%), pulse (2 and 10 s), and duration of the treatment (from 2 to 10 min).Then, the treatment was validated in orange juice, in combination with either benzoate (0–100 ppm) or citrus extract (0–1,800 ppm), using a mixture design called centroid. The most significant effects were time, as single term, and the interaction energy/time/pulse; concerning the possibility of extending juice shelf life, the use of benzoate and citrus extract controlled F. oxysporum growth in orange juice and achieved a reduction of 5 log cfu/ml for at least 14 days.     

Influence of high pressure homogenization and pulp reduction on residual pectinmethylesterase activity,cloud stability and acceptability of Lane Late orange juice: A study to obtain high quality orange juice with extended shelf life

Lane Late orange juice with extended shelf life (3 months at 3 °C) was obtained by high pressure homogenization (HPH) at 150 MPa at 68 °C for 15 s. Residual pectinmethylesterase (PME) inactivation level achieved was 75% but its cloudiness was maintained during storage and its acceptability undistinguishable from that of fresh juice during the assayed period. Juices with entire and reduced (50% and 25%) pulp contents were also homogenized at 150 MPa at different temperatures (63 °C and 58 °C for 15 s) to establish an appropriate shelf life of orange juices according to a desired level of cloudiness. Results showed how cloud stability of pulp reduced samples, even with a residual PME inactivation level above 90%, was not satisfactory (as in the case of entire juices homogenized out of 68 °C). The proposed methodology can easily be implanted by citrus industry to obtain high quality chilled orange juices with prolonged shelf life.     

Effect of adding citrus waste water, thyme and oregano essential oil on the chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of a bologna sausage

The industrial transformation of citrus fruits generates large quantities of co-products rich in bioactive compounds that may well be suitable for other purposes. One such co-product is the water used in the process of obtaining fibre from orange. It was found that the addition of citrus waste water (5–10%) obtained as co-product during the extraction of dietary fibre and oregano or thyme essential oils (0.02%) to the bologna samples reduced the residual nitrite levels and the degree of lipid oxidation. The flavonoids hesperidin and narirutin were detected in all the samples, while those prepared with 5% of citrus waste water and 0.02% of either essential oil were the most highly valued from a sensory point of view.

Industrial relevance

The object of the present work was to study the effect of adding different concentrations (5–10%) of orange juice waste water obtained as co-product during the extraction of dietary fibre, and oregano or thyme essential oils (0.02%), on the chemical, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of a bologna-type sausage, to extend its shelf life. Addition of orange juice waste water and spices essential oil had a significant effect on shelf-life extension because of a reduction of the lipid oxidation degree.     

COLOR AND VITAMIN C CONTENT IN MANDARIN ORANGE JUICE AS AFFECTED BY PACKAGING MATERIAL AND STORAGE TEMPERATURE

Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata) juice was packed in two different non-transparent cartons made of polyethylene, cardboard and (1) aluminum foil (Tetrapak ^® ) or (2) ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers (Pure-pak ^® ) and was stored at 4C or room temperature (25  ±  3C). During the shelf life of these juices (35 days), changes in the headspace gas composition, vitamin C and CIEL*a*b* color coordinates were evaluated. In addition, a consumer panel evaluated the sensory color of the juices. Mandarin orange juices darkened and ascorbic acid content decreased with storage time. Type of carton and storage temperature played a predominant role in determining the final juice quality, with Tetrapak ^® carton providing the juice with the best quality (intense orange color and high vitamin C content and consumer preference) throughout their shelf life.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This study was a clear example of how research can help real food companies in selecting the right materials for their production lines. In this particular case, the results presented show how Tetrapak^® packaging led to a final mandarin orange juice of higher quality compared to Pure-pak^® packaging. Therefore, citrus processing companies have some scientific data comparing the behavior of these two types of non-transparent cartons. Besides, the companies manufacturing these cartons also have some information about their materials and can use it to improve them.     

超声波和巴氏杀菌后樱桃番茄汁的品质变化动力学

以鲜榨樱桃番茄汁为原料,研究其分别经巴氏杀菌（85 ℃、15 min）和超声波杀菌（200 W、40 ℃、30 min）后的品质动力学变化。杀菌后的樱桃番茄汁分别贮藏在不同温度条件下（0、4、10、15、20 ℃）,每隔一定时间测定其色泽、VC含量和菌落总数。结果表明：2 种杀菌方式后樱桃番茄汁的色泽随着贮藏时间的延长和贮藏温度的升高变化越明显;以VC含量变化为指标,在0～10 ℃条件下,超声波杀菌比巴氏杀菌的货架期延长了3.8～4 d;以菌落总数为评价指标,2 种杀菌方式的货架期差异不显著,菌落总数的变化符合一级反应模型,该模型可准确预测0～20 ℃各贮藏温度条件下的货架期。鲜榨樱桃番茄汁在0～10 ℃条件下贮藏,经超声波杀菌推荐货架期为6～9 d,经巴氏杀菌推荐货架期为6～8 d。     

清新清爽的柑桔类感觉怎样来

<正> 柑桔类水果是芸香科植物,种类很多,有柠檬、柑桔、橙桔、蜜桔、金桔、柚子等。桔内含有多种营养成分,如葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、果酸、枸橼酸、维生素C、醇、柠檬醛、维生素B1、B2和钙、磷、铁等多种无机盐及其它营养物质。 柑桔类果实作为传统又为人们所熟     

Accelerated storage and isothermal microcalorimetry as methods of predicting carrot juice shelf‐life

The possibility of predicting the shelf‐life of pasteurized carrot juice by isothermal microcalorimetry or change in pH was investigated and compared with traditional plate count results. A small increase in thermal power (2 µW), maximal increase of and acceleration of thermal power all gave rapid, well‐correlated results for the shelf‐life, as did pH, during accelerated storage. The effect of accelerated storage (17 °C) on the microbial flora of pasteurized carrot juice was also compared with the flora from storage at 8 °C, and it was found that accelerated storage is feasible for the rapid evaluation of shelf‐life, but that the microbial flora in the spoilt juice will be different. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

番茄制汁的工艺条件优化及货架期预测模型的建立

目的优化番茄制汁工艺条件,建立货架期预测模型。方法以红熟且无破损的番茄等外果为主要原料,经去蒂、清洗、热烫去皮、破碎榨汁制成新鲜的番茄汁,研究在不同温度(5、27、37℃)贮藏对产品品质的影响;利用Arrhenius方程为基础,建立相关联动力学模型;研究感官评价、pH、番茄花青素含量、色差在不同储藏时间变化进行番茄汁货架期预测研究。结果 0.03%的黄原胶、0.10%的羧甲基纤维素钠、0.05%的琼脂片组成的复合稳定剂稳定效果最好,口感饱满可口、细腻爽滑,番茄香气清新浓郁。采用模糊权重法对番茄汁货架期间的多项品质指标不同的加权系数进行综合评定。品质综合评价的加权关联度=感官评分sensory×0.25+pH×0.25+番茄红色×0.25+色差×0.25。结论该模型可以用于番茄汁货架期预测。     

Suitability of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus plantarum as Probiotics Intended for Fruit Juices Containing Citrus Extracts

A strain of Lactobacillus plantarum and 4 strains of bifidobacteria were inoculated in apple juice and in a commercial beverage labeled as “red‐fruit juice,” containing citrus extracts as natural preservatives; the suitability of the probiotics was evaluated in relation to their resistance to 2 kinds of citrus extracts (biocitro and lemon extract), survival in juices at 4 and 37 °C, and inhibition of Zygosaccharomyces bailii. Cell count of L. plantarum and bifidobacteria over time was fitted through the Weibull equation, for the evaluation of the first reduction time (δ), death time, and microbiological shelf life (the break‐point was set to 7 log cfu/mL). Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis experienced the highest δ‐value (23.21 d) and death time (96.59 d) in the red‐fruit juice at 4 °C, whereas L. plantarum was the most promising strain in apple juice at 37 °C. Biocitro and lemon extract did not exert a biocidal effect toward probiotics; moreover, the probiotics controlled the growth of Z. bailii and the combination of L. plantarum with 40 ppm of biocitro reduced the level of the yeast after 18 d by 2 log cfu/mL.