马里兰晾烟的试种及其发展前景

为了改革卷烟产品结构,大力发展中国式的低焦油混合型卷烟,使我国卷烟产品达到多类型、多风格、多规格、丰富多采,以满足广大消费者不断增长的需要,1979年,轻工业部卷烟工业赴美考察小组在美国马里兰州马里兰烟田参观时,正值烟田采收和种子成熟时节,     

烟丝分布对卷烟主流烟气中氨和焦油释放量的影响

为分析烟丝分布对卷烟主流烟气中氨和焦油释放量的影响,使用相同的烟用材料卷制成3种卷烟,其烟丝在烟支两端的分布分别为前端密后端疏(A)、前后端均匀分布(B)和前端疏后端密(C);比较3种卷烟主流烟气中氨和焦油释放量的差异;并应用逐口抽吸分析3种卷烟氨和焦油释放量变化的原因.结果表明:①烟丝分布改变以后,卷烟的逐口抽吸也发生了变化,从而对主流烟气焦油和氨的释放量产生影响;②与对照B相比,A和C两种卷烟焦油和氨的释放量均有所降低;烟丝分布前端疏后端密的卷烟(C)主流烟气中氨和焦油的释放量均小于烟丝前端密后端疏分布的卷烟(A).     

郑州研制成功低焦油卷烟

一种低焦油卷烟在郑州问世。它是由轻工业部烟草研究所研制成功的,每支卷烟焦油含量低于15毫克,比我国目前市场上出售的卷烟焦油含量低一半,达到了国外低焦油卷烟的先进水平。这种卷烟的尼古丁含量比     

烤烟新品种中烟98适应性及其烟叶品质与安全性的研究评价

研究表明，中烟98的重要经济性状指标，在年际间表现相对稳定，在地区间表现适应性较广。烟叶质量好，上等烟比率和烟叶含钾量较高，焦油释出量较低，烟叶配伍性强，烟叶的安全性比现有推广品种有明显提高，符合低焦油卷烟生产发展要求；丰产，兼抗黑胫病、赤星病和气候斑点病，耐花叶病，综合性状优于K326和NC89。中烟98是我国南北烟区均可栽培的烤烟优良新品种，具有重要的工农业利用价值。     

卷烟用滤嘴接装纸高频电火花打微孔技术的研究

我国卷烟产量占世界第一位,其焦油含量也较高,平均达28.8mg/支。因此降低焦油含量是我国烟草科研工作的当务之急。降低卷烟焦油含量的一个方法是选用低含量的烟草,烟丝中放添加剂,这种方法成本高、工艺复杂、烟易走味。另一种方法就是目前国外普遍用的在卷烟纸和滤嘴接装纸上打微孔来降低焦油含量。抽吸在滤嘴接装纸上打孔的卷烟时。气流从卷烟的轴向和滤嘴中部的径向流入,径向气流始终对烟气有冲淡作用,使卷烟中的微粒物、蒸汽和气相的     

选择性降低卷烟焦油中苯并(a)芘的研究

本文以氧化锌和柠檬酸的溶液作为添加剂,喷洒于烟丝卷制成烟支后,对卷烟焦油及其中的苯并(a)芘进行测定分析。结果表明,该添加剂对卷烟焦油中的强致癌物苯并(a)芘有良好的选择性降低作用。     

烟支内烟丝分布对卷烟质量的影响

通过对卷烟机组使用不同规格平准器卷制的烟支进行试验对比分析,研究了相同条件下烟支内烟丝分布对卷烟密度、吸阻、物理指标、化学指标以及感官质量的影响。结果表明,使用6槽平准器卷制的烟支明显优于3槽平准器卷制的烟支,其烟支内烟丝的密度分布及吸阻分布均较合理,卷烟的内在质量更稳定,烟气中的焦油和一氧化碳量最低。     

卷烟吸阻对焦油的影响

在卷烟的加工和原材料的使用过程中,不同因素都可导致卷烟吸阻的变化,对焦油产生影响。我们通过对不同烟支重量、滤嘴和滤嘴打孔、卷烟纸透气度、烟丝填充值与吸阻和焦油的关系方面进行的实验分析发现,随着烟支重量增加,吸阻逐渐增大,但与焦油产生量的高低不成正比例关系。在烟支重量相同的情况下,卷烟焦油随滤嘴吸阻的增大而降低。在烟支重量和滤嘴吸阻相同的情况下,烟支的吸阻随卷烟纸透气度的增高而降低,焦油也呈递减趋势。滤嘴打孔距离越靠近滤嘴上端,卷烟吸阻的下降幅度越大,稀释烟气的能力也越强。通风度与稀释烟气的能力成正比,大约通风度每增加10%,烟支吸阻下降8.67mmH_2O。焦油产生量与打孔通风度成反比,即通风量越大,焦油量越低。在其它条件相同情况下,烟丝填充值越高,烟支吸阻越小,焦油产生量也越低。     

国内外主要品牌卷烟主流烟气中气相自由基含量的对比分析

采用电子顺磁共振(EPR)自旋捕集法对国内外196种卷烟主流烟气中气相自由基含量进行了分析测定.结果表明:①卷烟主流烟气中气相自由基含量与焦油及烟碱检测值均无明显相关性,分析认为主要原因可能是卷烟配方中各单料烟的气相自由基含量差异较大;②在同等焦油盒标值下,国内烤烟型卷烟主流烟气中气相自由基平均含量远低于其它卷烟,国内外混合型卷烟主流烟气中气相自由基含量基本相近;③主流烟气中NO和气相自由基含量存在显著的线性相关性(R2=0.891).     

黑龙江省穆棱晒红烟

穆棱晒烟，属晾晒烟中的晒红烟，是国家名晒烟。黑龙江省穆棱市以优越的自然条件，加上优良的种植品种、丰富的栽培和调制经验，形成了有地方特点和风格的穆棱晒红烟。近年来穆棱市在晒烟生产中推行规范化技术措施，进一步提高了烟叶质量。穆棱晒红烟焦油含量低，燃烧性好，有自然的香气，是低焦油、混合型卷烟的优质原料。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.