小鼠脾淋巴细胞辐射死亡与凋记之间的关系

探讨细胞凋亡在小鼠脾脏辐射损伤与重建中的作用及其机制,为急性放射病的防治提供依据。用原位末端标记、ＤＮＡ电泳和免疫组化技术观察经２￣８Ｇｙ不同剂量γ射线整体照射后,小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的动态变化过程和Ｂａｘ、Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在其中的作用。结果表明,（１）照射后早期淋巴细胞凋亡率迅速增加,如６Ｇｙ照射后４ｈ和１ｄ凋亡率分别为对照值的４．９和９．７倍;凋亡率还随照射剂量的增加而迅速升高;照射后８ｈ当照射     

电离辐射对小鼠小肠和结肠细胞凋亡的影响

观察不同剂量ｒ射线照射对小鼠小肠和结肠细胞凋亡水平的影响。６０Ｃｏｒ射线全 身照射 ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ 小鼠;剂量分别为 １、 ６、 １２Ｇｙ,于照射后 ２４ｈ内分批取材,常规石蜡包埋, ＨＥ染色, Ｏｌｙｍｐｕｓ显微镜下观察辐射诱导小肠和结肠细胞凋亡的情况。结果表明：正常小鼠小 肠细胞有自发的凋亡现象,平均每个隐窝的凋亡细胞数为０．０３８±０．０５９个,结肠在正常情况下没 有细胞凋亡发生;不同剂量ｒ射线照射后小肠隐窝细胞凋亡数目明显增加（ｐ ＜０．０５）,其中 １Ｇｙ 照射组凋亡峰在照射后 １２ｈ明显, ６Ｇｙ和 １２Ｇｙ组分别在照射后 ２４ｈ和 ６ｈ凋亡细胞最多。结 肠未见或偶见凋亡细胞;各照射剂量组及照射后不同时间（照射后 ６、 １２、 ２４ｈ）组小肠隐窝细 胞凋亡数较相应结肠组显著增加（ｐ＜０．０５）。说明在电离辐射的情况下,小肠较结肠能更有效的 清除辐射损伤的细胞,而后者在体内的蓄积可能与以后的肿瘤发生有关。     

中子和γ射线照射对小鼠骨髓造血细胞死亡方式的探讨

为探讨中子和γ射线照射后小鼠骨髓造血细胞的死亡方式及其意义,采用不同剂量中子和60Co γ射线全身照射350只BALB/c小鼠,通过光镜、电镜、流式细胞术、原位末端标记和DNA凝胶电泳等观察造血细胞凋亡与坏死情况.研究发现,中子照射后小鼠骨髓中坏死和凋亡的造血细胞均明显增多,5.5Gy组以坏死为主,而γ射线照射后则以凋亡为主,且呈剂量相关性.凋亡的细胞表现为核染色质浓缩、边移,呈半月型、环状或不规则状,凋亡小体形成,电泳下见DNA梯状图谱.坏死的细胞表现为核肿胀、溶解,线粒体膜、核膜等膜性结构破坏.2.5-5.5Gy中子及5.5-12Gyγ射线照射可使骨髓造血细胞死亡方式不同:中子照射以凋亡与坏死并存,5.5Gy组以坏死为主;而γ射线照射则以凋亡为主.     

电离辐射作用后粒－巨噬细胞修复的特性

运用粒－巨噬细胞集落（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）体外培养技术，观察了受次致死剂量６０Ｃｏγ射线照射的小鼠骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的修复能力。实验测得正常小鼠每根股骨中ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的总数和骨髓有核细胞总数分别为４．８９×１０４和２．４×１０７，经６Ｇｙ剂量照射后第３ｄ，两计数值分别下降到正常值的０．８％和４％，照射后第５ｄ出现回升。骨髓有核细胞计数和外周血白细胞数与ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的变化规律相一致。     

电离辐射作用后粒—巨噬细胞修复的特性

运用粒－巨噬细胞集落（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）体外培养技术，观察了受次致死剂量＾６０Ｃｏγ射线照射的小鼠骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的修复能力。实验测得正常小鼠每根股骨中ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的总数和骨髓有核细胞总数分别为４．８９×１０＾４和２．４×１０＾７，经６Ｇｙ剂量照射后第３ｄ，两计数值分别下降到正常值的０．８％和４％，照射后第５ｄ出现回升。骨髓有核细胞计数和外周血白细胞数与ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的变化规律相一致。     

以PCC技术分析染色体辐射损伤的修复

采用ＰＣＣ技术，观察ＣＨＬ（Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅｈａｍｓｔｅｒｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔｃｅｌｌｉｎｅ）细胞受＾６０Ｃｏγ射线照射后，染色体的损伤及修复动力学，结果表明，染色体损伤的修复分为两个时期，快修复在照射后的３０ｍｉｎ左右开始，半修复时间约为６ｈ，与ＦＡＤＵ（ＦｌｕｏｒｏｍｅｔｒｉｃａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＤＮＡｎｕｗｉｎｄｉｎｇ）技术观察ＤＮＡ损伤修复动力学比较，ＤＮＡ损伤修复在照射后５ｍｉｎ内即已开始     

小鼠脾淋巴细胞辐射死亡与凋亡之间的关系

探讨细胞凋亡在小鼠脾脏辐射损伤与重建中的作用及其机制,为急性放射病的防治提供依据.用原位末端标记、DNA电泳和免疫组化技术观察经2～8Gy不同剂量γ射线整体照射后,小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡的动态变化过程和Bax、Bcl-2蛋白在其中的作用.结果表明,(1)照射后早期淋巴细胞凋亡率迅速增加,如6Gy照射后4h和1d凋亡率分别为对照值的4.9和9.7倍;凋亡率还随照射剂量的增加而迅速升高,照射后8h当照射剂量为2、4、6、8Gy时,凋亡率分别为对照值的3.7、5.4、6.2和8.3倍.(2)透射电镜观察表明,6Gyγ-线照射后,小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞出现早、中、晚期典型凋亡细胞的形态学特征.DNA凝胶电泳显示6Gy照射后4和6h,脾脏淋巴细胞出现特征的DNA梯形谱;末端标记法显示6Gy照射后4h凋亡率约为照前值的3.4倍.(3)照射后Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的异常表达证实两者在淋巴细胞凋亡的调控中起重要作用.细胞凋亡参与了小鼠脾脏辐射损伤与修复的全过程,Bax和Bcl-2蛋白对淋巴细胞凋亡的调控起重要作用.     

混输脾基质细胞与骨髓细胞悬液在小鼠大剂量辐射损伤修复中的作用

Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６／小鼠经６０Ｃｏγ射线一次整体照射８Ｇｙ后，分成三组：（１）单纯照射８Ｇｙ组。（２）照射后单纯骨髓移植组，（３）照射后混输脾基质细胞（ＳＳＣ）与骨髓细胞（ＢＭＣ）组，以观察骨髓移植和回输脾基质细胞对大剂量照射后受体存活率及造血干细胞（ＣＦＵ－Ｓ）的影响，并初步探讨其可能的机理。结果表明：单纯骨髓移植组受体存活率比单纯照射组高出２７％；而照射后混输ＳＳＣ组之存活率比单照射组高４７％，比单纯骨髓移植组高２２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。混输ＳＳＣ可明显提高脾ＣＦＵ－Ｓ、ＣＦＵ－Ｆ及ＡＮＡＥ染色（＋）（－）细胞数。在体外混合培养中脾基质细胞对实质细胞增殖起支持与调节作用。     

人尿集落刺激因子对受照小鼠的保护作用

观察了自制人尿集落刺激因子对受照小鼠存活情况，外周血白细胞总数和脾结节数的影响。结果表明：１．无论单次＾６０Ｃｏγ射线６Ｇｙ照射，还是３Ｇｙ分次照射，累加剂量为９Ｇｙ，ＣＳＦ大剂量组存活率、存活时间较对照组明显提高。２．ＣＳＦ能减轻外周血白细胞的降低，促进白细胞的恢复。３．单次腹腔注射ＣＳＦ的供体小鼠的骨髓输注到受照小鼠后，其脾结节数对照组明显提高，以粒细胞集落为主。     

低剂量辐射诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的适应性反应

应用流式细胞术观察７５ｍＧｙＸ射线诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的适应性反应。结果表明，１．５或２．０Ｇｙ全身照射后，小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡小体（ＴＡＢ）百分数明显增加，Ｓ期ＴＡＢ百分数明显减少，而Ｇ０／Ｇ１和Ｇ２＋Ｍ期ＴＡＢ百分数明显增加；当１．５或２．０Ｇｙ（攻击剂量，Ｄ２）照射前６ｈ给予７５ｍＧｙ（诱导剂量，Ｄ１）照射时，明显减轻Ｄ２对胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的损伤作用。提示，低剂量辐射可诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程的适应性反应。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Non-FDG PET imaging of brain tumors

Due to relatively high uptake of glucose in the brain cortex, the use of FDG PET imaging is greatly limited in brain tumor imaging, especially for low-grade gliomas and some metastatic tumours. More and more tracers with higher specificity were developed lately for brain tumor imaging. There are 3 main types of non-FDG PET tracers： amino acid tracers, choline tracers and nucleic acid tracers. These tracers are now widely applied in many aspects of brain tumor imaging. This article summarized the general use of non-FDG PET in different aspects of brain tumor imaging.     

基于NPL-NMC系统的γ测量子系统的建模与优化

在军控核查中,核部件的质量、丰度、年龄属性需采用无损方法进行核查,NPL-NMC系统是一套利用中子多重性测量核部件质量属性的装置,为建立完善的属性测量系统,还需在NPL-NMC系统的基础上建立γ测量子系统。本文通过设计γ测量子系统在NPL-NMC系统上的布局及对中子屏蔽的优化,使系统能对铀部件的丰度、年龄属性进行测量。模拟计算结果表明,该γ测量子系统能很好地满足军控核查对铀部件丰度、年龄属性测量的要求。     

Improvement of carbon fiber surface properties using electron beam irradiation

Carbon fiber-reinforced advance composites have been used for structural applications,mainly on account of their mechanical properties.The main factor for a good mechanical performance of carbon fiber-reinforced com- posite is the interfacial interaction between its components,which are carbon fiber and polymeric matrix.The aim of this study is to improve the surface properties of the carbon fiber using ionizing radiation from an electron beam to obtain better adhesion properties in the resultant composite.EB radiation was applied on the carbon fiber itself before preparing test specimens for the mechanical tests.Experimental results showed that EB irradiation improved the ten- sile strength of carbon fiber samples.The maximum value in tensile strength was reached using doses of about 250 kGy.After breakage,the morphology aspect of the tensile specimens prepared with irradiated and non-irradiated car- bon fibers were evaluated.SEM micrographs showed modifications on the carbon fiber surface.     

Measurement system for SSRF pulsed magnets

This paper describes the magnetic field measurement system for pulsed magnets in SSRF.The system consists of magnetic probes,analog active integrator,oscilloscope,stepper motor and a controller.An application pro- gram based on LabVIEW has been developed as main control unit.After the magnetic field mapping of a septum magnet prototype,it is verified that the test results accord with the results of theoretical calculation and computer simulation.     

旁路阀调节对高温气冷堆闭式布雷顿循环瞬态特性影响研究

闭式布雷顿循环是第4代高温堆核能系统的关键技术之一,其典型的动态过程是旁路阀调节。为分析这一过程,建立了循环中关键部件的动态模型,其中压气机在径向平衡模型基础上耦合了对附面层发展的预测,兼顾了计算效率与准确性;换热部件模型基于双曲型守恒律方程,对工质的热物性和参数的快速变化有较好的适应性。在此基础上根据回路的质量守恒和压力平衡原则将各部件的模型耦合,建立了系统的动态模型。由于旁路阀调节是氦气透平发电系统主要的功率快速调节手段,瞬态效应较为显著,以模块式高温气冷堆（HTR-10GT）旁路阀开启后的过渡过程作为算例,分析了主要循环参数的响应特性,并通过分析,给出了降低输出功率的机制。计算结果表明：系统的容积惯性对旁路阀调节的响应速度影响较大,而阀门的开度则决定了系统在末态的输出功率;回热器的温度冲击现象可能发生在调节过程中,但可通过两旁路阀联动的方式缓解;反应堆出口温度变化幅度很小,因此反应堆模型的准确程度对结果基本无影响。     

CEFR 100%额定功率运行汽轮机发电能力分析

中国实验快堆(CEFR)首次100%额定功率发电运行中,实际电功率较设计值相差较多。为判断影响机组实际发电能力的主要原因,以现场采集的运行数据和汽轮机厂商提供的设计资料为基础,进行了相应的计算分析。对汽轮机内效率进行修正,绘制汽轮机近似热力过程曲线,并通过实测的各段抽汽压力,在热力过程曲线上获得抽汽焓值;利用换热器的能量守恒和流量守恒的基本方程进行除氧器和各加热器的热平衡计算,获得各段抽汽的流量;利用汽轮机的功率计算方程,得到汽轮机发电功率的计算值。通过计算值与实际值的比较分析,得出主蒸汽参数不达标是影响CEFR汽轮机发电能力的主要因素。