重离子径迹模板中组装半导体CdS一维纳米材料

用重离子辐照的聚碳酸酯为模板,采用电化学沉积法制备了半导体CdS纳米线和纳米管.通过选用不同蚀刻时间的模板,得到了直径20～100 nm、长度20～30 μm范围、粗细均匀且具有纤维锌矿结构的CdS纳米线与纳米管.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对CdS纳米线与管的形貌和晶体结构特征进行了表征.     

擦拭样品中铀微粒甄别技术的研究

基于裂变径迹原理对擦拭样品中微米量级铀微粒筛选技术进行了研究.研究内容包括擦拭样品与载体分离、样品在裂变径迹片上沉积、样品辐照以及化学刻蚀、铀微粒筛选等.文章中对各实验环节进行细致描述和讨论.研究发现:(1)以无尘滤纸、脱脂棉、Texwipe牌TX304型棉布为擦拭载体的样品经过400℃ 6 h灰化为较好的分离方法;(2)经热中子辐照和化学刻蚀后裂变径迹主要呈星状和坑状.其中235U含量高的微粒对应于坑状径迹,含量低的微粒对应于星状径迹;(3)采用新的定位方法能够筛选出铀微粒.     

放射治疗中肿瘤靶区勾画的主观差异性分析

为了解医生的主观因素在肿瘤靶区(GTV)勾画中产生差异性并分析其原因,对肿瘤处在身体不同部位的12例病人的CT定位图像,组织了来自放射治疗和影像诊断的6位医师进行了GTV勾画,计算病人GTV的体积值及其变化范围,比较两个学科和两次勾画所产生的差异性.结果表明,9位病人GTV体积最大值/最小值比值＜2,3位病人的项比值＞2;16%的体积值对体积平均数的变动范围＞±25%.在已知影响准确性的重要客观因素一致的条件下,造成差异性的主要原因是医生间学科的不同,影像科医生比放疗科医生的变异性小、准确性高.因此,在确定GTV时,对于因主诊医生主观因素产生的误差要引起重视,放射治疗医生加强影像诊断学知识学习与协作,建立、完善并认真执行相关的QA与QC规程是解决问题的主要方法.     

低能氮离子注入香菇生物学效应的研究

本文用能量为 15 keV,而注量不同的氮离子注入对武香一号香菇进行诱变,分析了不同注量下菌丝长速,菌丝生物量以及多糖含量的变化,对该低能离子与微生物间的作用规律进行了初步探索,为进一步筛选出多糖高产菌株提供前提.实验结果表明菌丝长速,菌丝生物量及多糖含量随不同注量的变化情况基本遵循"马鞍型曲线".注量小时菌丝日均长速较快,随着注量的增大,菌丝日均长速呈下降趋势,但在1.5×1016cm-2附近,菌丝长速有短暂回升.在注量较小时,随着注量的增加,菌丝生物量及多糖含量先升高后降低,注量为4×1015cm-2时,两者均达到最大值,而后会出现小的波动,注量增加到1.5×1016cm-2时,菌丝生物量及多糖含量又会达到-个较大的峰值.通过发酵动力学分析,研究了香菇液体菌种培养过程中菌丝球数量及形态、摇瓶总重、pH值、多糖含量等指标的变化情况,绘制该菌发酵产糖的过程曲线,这将为诱变前后液体发酵过程的控制提供参数.     

放疗后早期肿瘤组织内99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ分布与Survivin、Caspase-3蛋白表达的相关性研究

采用99Tcm-rh-AnnexinⅤ作为核素凋亡显像示踪剂,观察小鼠放疗后早期肿瘤组织内Survivin、Caspase-3蛋白表达。结果显示,放疗组肿瘤组织内99Tcm-rh-AnnexinⅤ分布、TUNEL检测阳性细胞数及Caspase-3蛋白表达均明显多于对照组,Survivin蛋白表达A组明显高于B组,差异均存在显著性（P均<0.01）。相关性研究表明,肿瘤组织的放射性摄取与TUNEL阳性细胞数呈明显正相关（r=0.942,P=0.000）;肿瘤组织内Survivin蛋白表达与Caspase-3蛋白表达呈明显负相关（r=-0.836,P=0.000）。肿瘤组织内99Tcm-Annexin Ⅴ分布与Caspase-3蛋白表达呈明显正相关（r=0.948,P=0.000）,与Survivin蛋白表达呈明显负相关（r=-0.819,P<0.01）。以上结果提示,肿瘤组织内99Tcm-rh-AnnexinⅤ的分布可以反映放疗后早期肿瘤组织细胞凋亡的状况以及凋亡调控蛋白Survivin、Caspase-3表达水平的变化。     

三代核电自主化依托项目的工程建造管理模式

2007年7月24日,国家核电技术公司、三门核电有限公司、山东核电有限公司、中国技术进出口总公司,与美国西屋联合体及分包商分别签订了第三代核电自主化依托项目4个机组的核岛设计及部分主设备采购合同;国家核电技术     

国外最新消息

伊朗总统宣布已开始安装6000台新离心机伊朗总统艾哈迈迪·内贾德2008年4月8日宣布,伊朗已开始在纳坦兹铀浓缩基地安装6000台新的离心机。(编译自法新社2008年4月8日报道)     

高压氘氚气氛下不锈钢吸附氚的初步研究

本工作对于氚在不锈钢表面的吸附和解吸行为进行了初步研究.样品在n(D)∶n(T)=1∶1,230℃时,15 MPa下恒温8 h后,接着在27 MPa下恒温6 h的情况下进行了氚的吸附,测量了室温下和加热到1173 K时的解吸氚量和总吸附量.其结果如下:不锈钢的总吸附氚量是857.4 MBq·cm-2,不锈钢的解吸氚量是722.2 MBq·cm-2;在本实验的条件下,在室温和加热条件下,不锈钢所释放的氚中,化学成分主要是HTO和HT两部分,大部分以HT形式存在;不锈钢的自由氚占吸附总氚量的7.34%;不锈钢的热解吸谱存在三个解吸峰,其解吸温度分别为439、530和843K.     

Continuous compositional spread investigation of SiC-based thin films prepared by MW-ECR plasma enhanced magnetron co-sputtering

A kind of combinatorial material methodology,also known as continuous compositional spread method,was employed to investigate the relationship between the optical band gap and composition of SiC thin films.A wide range of SixCy thin films with different carbon contents have been successfully deposited in a single deposition by carefully arranging the sample position on the substrate holder.The films were characterized by surface profiler,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.The carbon content y increases linearly from 0.28 to 0.72 while the sample position changed from 85 to 175 mm,the optical band gap changed between 1.27 and 1.99 eV,the maximum value corresponded to the stoichiometric SiC sample at the position of 130 mm,which has the highest Si?C bond density of 11.7×10^22 cm^-3.The C poor and C rich SixCy samples with y value less and larger than 0.5 were obtained while samples deviated from the position 130 mm,the optical band gap decreased with the Si?C bond density.     

全国核与辐射设施退役学术研讨会简介

在国家政府有关部门及中核集团公司支持下,由中国核学会辐射防护分会会同相关学会于2007年11月5日至10日在四川绵阳召开了全国核与辐射设施退役学术研讨会.     

某核电止回阀开启过程中的瞬态流动与结构特征

为研究某核电止回阀在开启过程中的流动特征与部件的力学特征，采用商用计算流体动力学软件ANSYS Fluent和用户自定义函数（UDF），模拟了该阀门在高压工况下开启过程中的内部流动。在不同开度条件下采用流固耦合方法对阀门部件的力学行为进行了模拟，分析了阀体及阀芯的应力分布及变形情况。结果表明，随着阀门开度增大，过流断面的喉部与阀门出口出现高速区域；阀门入口段呈现较高的压力梯度；阀体上的最严重变形出现在喉部，变形量随开度变化呈现波动趋势；最大等效应力出现在阀门入口弯管处且最大等效应力随开度增加而减小；阀芯的最大变形量出现在靠近进口的一侧；最大等效应力出现在阀芯与弹簧接触区域，其随开度的增加呈现波动增长趋势。      

Experimental Study on Base-triggered Explosions in Molten-tin/Water Systems

The mechanism of explosions triggered at the bottom of a pool of liquid (i.e., base-triggered explosions) was experimentally investigated by dropping molten tin into water. We studied the effect of the tin temperature, the water temperature, the water depth, and the distance between the walls at the bottom of the pool on the tendency for explosions to occur. The experimental results showed that base-triggered explosions occurred at the bottom surface of the tank when the water temperature was near its saturation temperature. The occurrence of base-triggered explosions was also affected by the water depth. According to the interaction at the base, the observed explosions could be classified into two types: instantaneous and delayed explosions. The difference between the triggering mechanisms was explained by considering the homogeneous nucleation temperature of the water and the instantaneous interfacial temperature. The occurrence of delayed explosions was also affected by the distance between the side walls at the bottom of the pool. As the bottom surface area decreased, the tendency for base-triggered explosion increased.     

轻水堆两相流机理研究的若干关键问题、现状与发展前沿

两相流是轻水堆热工水力的重要研究主题。正常工况和事故工况下的两相流流动和传热特性关乎核反应堆系统的安全性和经济性。在流动过程中相界面结构不断发生演化,同时两相之间存在着复杂的动量和质量、能量传递,这使得两相流动成为最复杂的流动现象之一。本文回顾了反应堆两相流的发展历程,重申了领域内的若干关键问题,总结各个问题的研究现状,并展望领域研究前景、提出学科发展建议。     

R&D on passive stabilization loop at EAST

The passive stabilization loop (PSL) is part of the plasma stabilization system built in the EAST. Its purpose is to provide passive feedback control of the plasma vertical instability on short time scales. To accommodate with the new stage for high performance plasma and enhance the control of vertical stabilization in EAST, the project of PSL has been carried out. The eddy currents are induced by the vertical displacement events (VDEs) and disruption. The distribution of the eddy currents depend on the structure of the PSL and the formation of the induction. The global model is created and meshed by the ANSYS software. Based on the simulation of plasma VDEs and disruption, the distribution and decay curve of the eddy currents on the PSL are obtained. The stress and the strain caused by the eddy currents and the magnetic field are calculated. To decrease the resistance of the joint and enhance anti-corrosion of the joint surface, the silvered craft is used. In the experiment of test model, the resistance is decreased to half after silvered with the same matrix material and under the same preload. The PSL is insulated from the vacuum vessel at the supports of passive stabilizers. The insulation structure is designed and tested with ceramic material. The PSL is designed, fabricated and assembled with the total resistance 150 μΩ. It can supply passive feedback control to the plasma by the eddy currents induced by the VDEs, which could enhance the vertical placement control of plasma.     

电磁法分离铷同位素用接收器的研制

高丰度⁸⁵Rb和⁸⁷Rb是原子钟的核心工作物质，而电磁分离方法是获得高丰度铷同位素唯一可行的方法。接收器是电磁分离器的核心部件之一，分离不同的同位素，接收器的设计参数不同。为保证铷同位素的丰度达到使用要求，通过对接收器口袋参数的计算，确定了铷同位素接收器口袋的尺寸与位置，对口袋的材料与冷却温度进行理论计算，完成了口袋的优化，确定了口袋的冷却温度低于25 ℃，改善了接收器溅射和蒸发对同位素丰度影响的问题。目前，接收器已安装在同位素电磁分离器上，开展了铷同位素的分离实验，确定了理想的分离参数，接收到的铷同位素的丰度取得了突破。     

Production threshold impact on a GEANT4 calculation of the power deposition in a fast domain: MEGAPIE spallation target

The calculation time in the Monte Carlo simulations consistently represents an essential issue. It is often very long, and its decrease constitutes a challenge for the simulator. Generally, an MC simulation is qualified as quality or not according to two main criteria: the calculation time and the accuracy of the results. However, in most cases, the optimization of one criterion affects negatively the other. Therefore, a compromise between both of them is always required in this kind of simulation. The present work aims at studying the impact of the production threshold(or cut) of the GEANT4 toolkit on the calculation of the power deposition in the MEGAPIE spallation target.The production threshold of secondaries is a GEANT4 intrinsic parameter. It indicates the limit of energy we can reach in the production of secondary particles. This study has allowed us to make the following conclusions. First,the influence of the cut on the calculation of the deposited power depends on the volume size, its arrangement and the importance of the electromagnetic processes occurring within. Second, the accuracy of the calculations can be acceptable only below a given value of the cut energy.Third, this accuracy remains almost unchangeable from a certain value of the cut. The study has also made it possible to explore the prevalence of certain interactions in the zone of spallation in the MEGAPIE target.     

3D neutron diffusion computational code based on GFEM with unstructured tetrahedron elements: A comparative study for linear and quadratic approximations

In the present study, the comparison between the results obtained from the linear and quadratic approximations of the Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) for neutronic reactor core calculation was reported. The sensitivity analysis of the calculated neutron multiplication factor, neutron flux and power distributions in the reactor core vs. the number of the unstructured tetrahedron elements and order of the considered shape function was performed. The cost of the performed calculation using linear and quadratic approximation was compared through the calculation of the FOM. The neutronic core calculation was performed for both rectangular and hexagonal geometries. Both the criticality and fixed source calculations were done using the developed GFEM-3D computational code. An acceptable accuracy with low computational cost is the main advantage of applying the unstructured tetrahedron elements. The generated unstructured tetrahedron elements with Gambit software were used in the GFEM-3D computational code via a developed interface. The criticality calculation was benchmarked against the valid data for IAEA-3D and VVER-1000 benchmark problems. Also, the neutron fixed source calculation was validated through the comparison with the similar computational code. The results show that the accuracy of the calculation for the both linear and quadratic approximations improves vs. the number of elements. Quadratic approximation gives acceptable results for almost all considered number of the elements, while the results obtained from the linear approximation have good accuracy for only high number of the elements.     

Comparative study on breakdown characteristics of trigger gap and overvoltage gap in a gas pressurized closing switch

Gas pressurized closing switches are one of the most important elements in FLTD-based systems. Improving the trigger performance of gas switches is useful for optimizing the output parameters and the reliability of the FLTD. In this paper, the breakdown characteristics of the trigger gap and the overvoltage gap are studied experimentally. The reasons for the different breakdown performance of the two gaps are also investigated. The results show that the breakdown delay of the trigger gap is more influenced by the trigger voltage, while the breakdown delay of the overvoltage gap is more influenced by the working coefficient and always higher than that of the trigger gap. The jitter of the trigger gap is more influenced by the trigger voltage and accounts more than 60% of the total switch jitter, while the jitter of the overvoltage gap is hardly changed with the trigger voltage as well as the working coefficient and maintains less than 1.4 ns. It is proved that the discharging product from the trigger gap can effectively reduce the breakdown delay and jitter of the overvoltage gap. Based on that, the effect and improvement of pre-ionization on the two gaps are also studied. It is concluded that the jitter of the trigger gap reduces obviously when the pre-ionization is added, while the pre-ionization almost has no effect on the jitter of the overvoltage gap. The jitter of the overvoltage gap is about two times higher than the trigger gap in the pre-ionizing switch.     

Mechanism analysis of radiation generated by the beam-plasma interaction in a vacuum diode

When we were studying the vacuum switch,we found that the vacuum diode can radiate a broadband microwave.The vacuum diode is comprised of a cathode with a trigger device and planar anode,there is not a metallic bellows waveguide structure in this device,so the radiation mechanism of the vacuum diode is different from the plasma filled microwave device.It is hard to completely imitate the theory of the plasma filled microwave device.This paper analyzes the breakdown process of the vacuum diode,establishes the mathematical model of the radiating microwave from the vacuum diode.Based on the analysis of the dispersion relation in the form of a refractive index,the electromagnetic waves generated in the vacuum diode will resonate.The included angle between the direction of the electromagnetic radiation and the initial motion direction of electron beam is 45 degrees.The paper isolates the electrostatic effect from the beam-plasma interaction when the electromagnetic radiation occurs.According to above analyses,the dispersion relations of radiation are obtained by solving the wave equation.The dispersion curves are also obtained based on the theoretical dispersion relations.The theoretical dispersion curves are consistent with the actual measurement time-frequency maps of the radiation.Theoretical deduction and experiments indicate that the reason for microwave radiating from the vacuum diode can be well explained by the interaction of the electron beam and magnetized plasma.     

单气泡生长的高速激光干涉可视化研究

为研究过冷沸腾中气泡的生成机理并为壁面沸腾模型的建立提供数据支撑,本研究采用透光的氧化铟锡（ITO）薄膜作为加热材料,使用激光干涉法和高速相机对池沸腾中单气泡的生长过程进行同步测量,获取了气泡底部微液层的结构和变化过程,同时得到气泡干斑直径、气泡直径等相关参数。研究结果表明,气泡生长过程可分为底部存在微液层的生长阶段和底部完全蒸干后的脱离阶段两部分,两阶段的时长大致相当。在生长阶段,干斑直径和接触直径逐渐增大;在脱离阶段,接触直径逐渐减小。在气泡稳定生长时期,接触直径与气泡直径的比值约为0.6。实验结果验证了微液层边缘存在弯曲结构。本研究获得的气泡微液层演变数据可为气泡生长模型提供实验支撑。