Optimal ratio of bend channel in centrifugal compressor

A numerical investigation on the flow in a bend channel by coupling the impeller with the vaneless diffuser in a centrifugal compressor with different r/b ratios (bend radius r to bend channel width b) is presented. The jet-wake effect of the impeller outlet is considered and flow pattern in the bend channel and the performance of the centrifugal compressor stage are investigated. The results indicate that there is an optimal r/b ratio for increasing the stage efficiency to the highest for a specific compressor stage. The change in r/b ratio significantly affects the flow angle of the bend channel outlet. The prime reason for the total pressure loss in the bend channel is the wall friction in the bend channel.     

基于动态模式分解的离心压缩机动态流场分析

动静流道相互作用引起的非定常流动是离心式压缩机内流的主要特征,借助模态分解方法可以有效提取出该流场中相干结构,进而可以说明该动静干涉流场的主要特征。本文将动态模式分解(Dynamic Mode Decomposition,DMD)方法应用于带无叶扩压器通道的离心式压缩机流场分析中,通过对动静干涉速度场和压力场的模态提取和分析,直观揭示出动静流道中的流体运动特征。在设计流量工况下,叶轮出口叶顶间隙的流体流动和动静流道干涉效应影响了叶轮出口的速度参数和压力参数的分布。在叶轮和扩压器流道中分别出现了频率1 715和725Hz的湍流相干结构,两频率和叶轮通过频率有关。动静干涉流道中压力沿叶高方向动态规律相似,而速度场沿叶高方向波动规律存在一定的差异。该特征可以为压缩机流场测试提供参考。     

离心压缩机无叶扩压器的改进新方法

研究了某高压比离心压缩机无叶扩压器的性能，提出在无叶扩压器轮盘侧加装一定高度机翼型导叶的改进方法。结果表明，这种扩压器可以改善其内部流动，提高自身的压力恢复系数和效率，从而改善离心压缩机的整级性能。     

Behavior of Vaneless Diffuser Stall in a Centrifugal Compressor

The rotating stall in a centrifugal compressor with a vaneless diffuser was investigated both experimentally and numerically with focus on the effect of the internal flow field within the impeller on the diffuser stall.Through numerical analysis,the boundary layer separation at the impeller outlet was found to play an important role in the expansion and rotation processes of the diffuser stall.In particular,the expanded boundary layer separation near the hub side at the outlet of the main blade(M.B.)suction surface passage was considered to be the main cause of the expansion and rotation processes.A longitudinal vortex existed at the throat of the M.B.passage,and the mass flow rate in the M.B.passage was significantly reduced by the blockage effect.In addition,the longitudinal vortex induced the rolling up flow near the hub side at the impeller exit.Thus,the boundary layer separation expanded.     

The change of the inlet geometry of a centrifugal compressor stage and its influence on the compressor performance

The impact on the compressor performance is important for designing the inlet pipe of the centrifugal compressor of a vehicle turbocharger with different inlet pipes. First, an experiment was performed to determine the compressor performance from three cases: a straight inlet pipe, a long bent inlet pipe and a short bent inlet pipe. Next, dynamic sensors were installed in key positions to collect the sign of the unsteady pressure of the centrifugal compressor. Combined with the results of numerical simulations, the total pressure distortion in the pipes, the pressure distributions on the blades and the pressure variability in the diffuser are studied in detail. The results can be summarized as follows: a bent pipe results in an inlet distortion to the compressor, which leads to performance degradation, and the effect is more apparent as the mass flow rate increases. The distortion induced by the bent inlet is not only influenced by the distance between the outlet of the bent section and the leading edge of the impeller but also by the impeller rotation. The flow fields in the centrifugal impeller and the diffuser are influenced by a coupling effect produced by the upstream inlet distortion and the downstream blocking effect from the volute tongue. If the inlet geometry is changed, the distributions and the fluctuation intensities of the static pressure on the main blade surface of the centrifugal impeller and in the diffuser are changed accordingly.     

Computational and experimental study of an industrial centrifugal compressor volute

IntrotctionThe overall performance of a centrifugal compressoris a combination of the dueller, diffuser, and voluteperformances. Each component has to be designedcarefully in order tO' minimize the losses and maximizethe efficiency. In this paper, a centrifugal compressorvolute (or spiral) is stUdied numerically, and the CFDresults are compared with measured data.A volute is used to collect the flow from a vaned orvaneless diffuser and to gUide it Ollt of the compressor.The volute geometry…     

带无叶扩压器离心压气机的稳定性分析

结合实验数据,采用数值模拟方法对某带无叶扩压器离心压气机的性能与稳定性进行了详细分析,比较了设计点与近失速点下无叶扩压器内部的流动特征．结果表明：在发生喘振瞬间,扩压器进口最先出现了压力崩溃;扩压器进口流动特别是轮盖侧流动是导致压气机失稳的重要因素,对扩压器进口逆叶轮旋转方向的轮盖侧啧蒸汽能够提高扩压器的稳定性．     

Design and optimization of a single stage centrifugal compressor for a solar dish-Brayton system

According to the requirements of a solar dish-Brayton system,a centrifugal compressor stage with a minimum total pressure ratio of 5,an adiabatic efficiency above 75% and a surge margin more than 12% needs to be designed.A single stage,which consists of impeller,radial vaned diffuser,90° crossover and two rows of axial stators,was chosen to satisfy this system.To achieve the stage performance,an impeller with a 6:1 total pressure ratio and an adiabatic efficiency of 90% was designed and its preliminary geometry came from an in-house one-dimensional program.Radial vaned diffuser was applied downstream of the impeller.Two rows of axial stators after 90° crossover were added to guide the flow into axial direction.Since jet-wake flow,shockwave and boundary layer separation coexisted in the impeller-diffuser region,optimization on the radius ratio of radial diffuser vane inlet to impeller exit,diffuser vane inlet blade angle and number of diffuser vanes was carried out at design point.Finally,an optimized centrifugal compressor stage fulfilled the high expectations and presented proper performance.Numerical simulation showed that at design point the stage adiabatic efficiency was 79.93% and the total pressure ratio was 5.6.The surge margin was 15%.The performance map including 80%,90% and 100% design speed was also presented.     

Use of partially shrouded impeller in a small centrifugal compressor

Numerical analysis is conducted for the 3-dimensional impeller and vaneless diffuser of a small centrifugal com- pressor. The influence of impeller tip clearance on the flow field of the impeller is investigated. Detailed investigation on the leaking flow across the tip clearance of the impeller shows that the leaking flow rate is higher near the exit of the impeller than that near the inlet of the impeller. Based on this phenomenon, a new partially shrouded impeller is designed. The impeller is shrouded near the exit of the impeller. Numerical results show that the secondary flow region becomes smaller at the exit of the impeller. Better performance is achieved than that with the unshrouded impeller.     

Optimal r/b ratio of bend channel in centrifugal compressor

A numerical investigation on the flow in a bend channel by coupling the impellerwith the vaneless diffuser in a centrifugal compressor with different r/b ratios (bend radius r to bend channel width b) is presented. The jet-wake effect of the impeller outlet is considered and flow pattern in the bend channel and the performance of the centrifugal compressor stage are investigated. The results indicate that there is an optimal r/b ratio for increasing the stage efficiency to the highest for a specific compressor stage. The change in r/b ratio significantly affects the flow angle of the bend channel outlet. The prime reason for the total pressure loss in the bend channel is the wall friction in the bend channel. __________ Translated from Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2008, 29(2): 233–236 [译自: 工程热物理学报]     

小流量模型级叶片扩压器对叶轮的冲击

数值试验结果表明了某离心压缩机小流量模型级采用有叶扩压器可以显著提高模型级的效率,然而由于考虑到有叶扩压器可能对于叶轮造成冲击,因此在有叶扩压器的使用问题上需要非常谨慎。在扩压器叶片前缘与叶轮轮缘的距离较近位置的前提下,在不同流量下对其进行非定常数值模拟研究,研究叶片扩压器存在时叶轮上的压力脉动。结果表明,叶片扩压器对叶轮有着强烈的冲击。     

叶片安装角对离心压气机扩压器气动性能及失速机理影响研究

为了研究离心压气机扩压器异常叶片对于失速现象的诱发效果，以带有叶扩压器的高速离心压气机为研究对象，通过整体或局部改变扩压器叶片安装角，开展非定常数值模拟研究并与实验结果对比验证，研究叶片安装角改变对离心压气机性能、动态特性以及失速机理的影响规律。研究表明：整体负方向旋转叶片安装角会促使扩压器更加不稳定，旋转角度从-5°到5°，最高效率点对应的质量流量逐渐增大。其中安装角偏转+5°扩压器叶片前缘靠近轮缘壁面发生流动分离，诱使无叶区间产生回流；而偏转-5°扩压器轮毂附近的流动分离主要发生在尾缘，造成扩压器叶片吸力面附近产生大范围回流。单个叶片安装角发生较大偏转(大于10°)时，扩压器比叶轮更早进入失速状态，且失速的机制可能会随着安装角偏移的增大发生改变。     

Investigation of a centrifugal compressor and study of the area ratio and TIP clearance effects on performance

In this research, the centrifugal compressor of a turbocharger is investigated experimentally and numerically. Performance characteristics of the compressor were obtained experimentally by measurements of rotor speed and flow parameters at the inlet and outlet of the compressor. Three dimensional flow field in the impeller and dif- fuser was analyzed numerically using a full Navier-Stokes program with SST turbulence model. The performance characteristics of the compressor were obtained numerically, which were then compared with the experimental results. The comparison shows good agreement. Furthermore, the effect of area ratio and tip clearance on the performance parameters and flow field was stud- ied numerically. The impeller area ratio was changed by cutting the impeller exit axial width from an initial value of 4.1 mm to a final value of 5.1 mm, resulting in an area ratio from 0.792 to 0.965. For the rotor with exit axial width of 4.6 mm, performance was investigated for tip clearance of 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mm. Results of this simula- tion at design point showed that the compressor pressure ratio peaked at an area ratio of 0.792 while the effi- ciency peaked at a higher value of area ratio of 0.878. Also the increment of the tip clearance from 0 to 1 mm resulted in 20 percent efficiency decrease.     

超临界氦气离心压气机流场分析

设计了一个包含离心叶轮、扩压器和回流器的单级超临界氦气离心压气机,并采用数值模拟方法对设计结果进行了三维数值模拟分析。通过对总特性、叶表压力分布、展向参数分布以及三维流场的分析,得到了高负荷超临界氦气离心压气机各部件内部的典型复杂流动特点。研究结果表明：相比常规工质,超临界氦气离心压气机单级压比较低,但叶轮与扩压器的负荷和级效率较高,且超临界氦气整体流动为亚音流,只在叶片前缘局部出现超音区。     

基于本征正交分解的无叶扩压器流动稳定性Galerkin降阶模型

将分析湍流拟序结构中的本征正交分解技术运用到离心压气机无叶扩压器的流动稳定性分析中,并将其与Galerkin投影法相结合建立了无叶扩压器内部流场的降阶模型。使用本征正交分解技术提取无叶扩压器在某来流入口角下非定常流场的主要流动模态,将流动控制方程通过Galerkin方法投影至由有限阶本征正交模态所组成的空间上,得到无叶扩压器流动稳定性降阶模型。计算结果表明:该模型可用于判断不同来流入口角下的扩压器流动稳定性,并将降阶模型的计算结果与流场数值模拟结果和线性稳定性预测结果进行对比,验证了此降阶方法的合理性。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on application of half vane diffusers for centrifugal pump

Vaned diffusers are widely used in centrifugal pumps, but little research has been published regarding action mechanism and the influence of diffuser vane height on dynamics performance of centrifugal pumps. Experimentally and numerically, the present investigation was focused on the dynamics performances of a low specific speed centrifugal pump equipped with vane diffusers with different vane heights. The pump performance was appraised when the diffuser vane height (h/b) was 0 (vaneless), 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 (vaned) times the diffuser width respectively. The pressure fields were numerically simulated in order to study the influence of half vane diffusers on inner flow field. The experimental results of operating performance showed that the efficiency was significantly improved for 2.5% at design flow point and the head was significantly improved for nearly 3 m at over flow point. The best efficiency point shifted towards higher flow rate with h/b reducing, and the high efficiency area was broadened by using half vane diffusers. Besides, half vane diffusers could reduce the intensity of pressure fluctuations at the leading edge of the stator vanes, and reduce the influence of rotor-stator interaction in tongue region. The numerical results showed that half vane diffusers could enhance flow uniformity in pumps, symmetry of pressure distributions on the impeller outlet and preferable regularity of radial force distributions. Therefore, it is very useful and feasible to apply half vane diffusers in centrifugal pumps.     

串列叶栅前后排叶片周向相对位置对离心压气机性能的影响

串列叶栅前后排叶片相对位置对串列扩压器的性能有重要影响.根据离心叶轮出口气流参数设计了一离心式串列叶栅扩压器,并利用数值模拟方法在前、后排叶栅周向相对位置分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%和90%时对离心压气机级进行了计算和分析,研究周向相对位置变化对离心压气机性能的影响以及作用机理.数值模拟结果表明:随着前后排叶栅周向相对位置变化,后排叶栅前缘滞止高压区相对前排叶栅的位置发生了变化,影响了前排叶栅压力面的压力分布,从而改变了前排叶栅压力分布及大小;当前后排叶栅周向相对位置为30%时,扩压器性能达到最佳,使压气机总压比和等熵效率最大,稳定工作范围增大;前后排叶栅所形成的渐缩通道可抑制后排叶栅吸力面边界层的分离.     

Rotating instability in the vaneless diffuser of a radial flow pump

The paper refers to the behavior of a vaneless diffuser of a radial flow pump in partial flow operating conditions. Some experimental data have been obtained using 2D/2C PIV and unsteady pressure measurements within the diffuser, in various operating conditions. The experimental results at the lower flow rate are compared with two-dimensional numerical calculations.     

Effect of high negative incidence on the performance of a centrifugal compressor stage with conventional vaned diffusers

Three vaned diffusers, designed to have high negative incidence (-8°) at the design operating point, are studied experimentally. The overall performance (efficiency and pressure ratio) are measured at three rotational speeds, and flow angles before and after the diffuser are measured at the design rotational speed and with three mass flow rates. The results are compared to corresponding results of the original vaneless diffuser design. Attention is paid to the performance at lower mass flows than the design mass flow. The results show that it is possible to improve the performance at mass flows lower than the design mass flow with a vaned diffuser designed with high negative incidence. However, with the vaned diffusers, the compressor still stalls at higher mass flow rates than with the vaneless one. The flow angle distributions after the diffuser are more uniform with the vaned diffusers.     

Unsteady behavior of leading-edge vortex and diffuser stall in a centrifugal compressor with vaned diffuser

The characteristics of a rotating stall of an impeller and diffuser and the evolution of a vortex generated at the diffuser leading-edge (i.e., the leading-edge vortex (LEV)) in a centrifugal compressor were investigated by experiments and numerical analysis. The results of the experiments revealed that both the impeller and diffuser rotating stalls occurred at 55 and 25 Hz during off-design flow operation. For both, stall cells existed only on the shroud side of the flow passages, which is very close to the source location of the LEV. According to the CFD results, the LEV is made up of multiple vortices. The LEV is a combination of a separated vortex near the leading- edge and a longitudinal vortex generated by the extended tip-leakage flow from the impeller. Therefore, the LEV is generated by the accumulation of vorticity caused by the velocity gradient of the impeller discharge flow. In partial-flow operation, the spanwise extent and the position of the LEV origin are temporarily transmuted. The LEV develops with a drop in the velocity in the diffuser passage and forms a significant blockage within the diffuser passage. Therefore, the LEV may be regarded as being one of the causes of a diffuser stall in a centrifugal compressor.