吸附式制冷机及空调/热泵的运行实验和性能改进

研制了一台采用螺旋板式吸附器的连续回热型吸附式制冷机和一台采用板翅式吸附器的空调／热泵,给出了实验数据。吸附式制冷系统采用活性炭－甲醇吸附工质对,以９０－１００℃絷不作为热源,实验得到单位质量活性炭的制冷能量密度为：制冰机每ｋｇ吸附剂日制冰２．６ｋｇ,空调／热泵组在空调工况下每ｋｇ吸附剂制冷功率为１５０Ｗ。     

吸附式制冷循环的回热研究

以吸附式制冷循环的热力过程为依据，对比分析了多种吸附式制冷循环的回热利用，详细阐述了回热过程中各部分热量的分配，给出了连续回热型循环，理想热波循环和双效复叠式循环的回热率公式，导出了双效复叠式制冷循环总制冷系数和一、二级循环制冷系数的关系式，并计算了几种循环的制冷系数和回热率。研究表明：热波循环和双效复叠式循环具有较好的应用前景。     

回热型吸附式空调样风的设计建和实验

侧重于回热型吸附式空调系统研究的第二部分工作－工程设计，构建和实验，根据已建立的三热源模型设计并构建了的回热型吸附式空调系统样机，在样机试验台上的大量实验表明，三热源模型较好的预测了系统性能，证明了余热驱动的回热型吸附式空调系统拥有乐观的商业应用前景。     

降低吸附式制冷系统驱动热源温度的研究进展

吸附式制冷是一种环境友好的制冷方式,可以利用低品位热能提供冷量,因此具有重要的节能意义。目前,吸附式制冷技术在太阳能热利用、工业余热利用等中低温余热领域已有应用,但对低于60℃热源的利用实例较少。降低吸附式制冷系统所需的驱动热源温度是扩大吸附式制冷系统使用范围的重要手段。吸附式制冷系统所需驱动热源温度与系统循环方式、吸附剂性能等因素密切相关。从二级/多级吸附式制冷循环、表面酸性强度与孔结构等影响吸附剂再生温度方面阐述了降低吸附式制冷系统驱动热源温度技术的国内外研究现状。分析结果显示,多级循环吸附式制冷系统可以降低装置的驱动热源温度,但装置结构较为复杂;低再生温度吸附剂能够拓宽吸附式制冷装置的驱动热源温度范围,吸附剂的脱附温度与表面极性、酸性、孔结构等参数有关,对吸附剂进行改性,吸附剂极性弱、酸性低的表面特性有利于降低脱附温度。另外,还介绍了数据中心余热驱动的吸附式制冷技术。开展降低吸附式制冷系统驱动热源温度的研究为低温余热高效利用提供了技术参考。     

改善吸附式制冷系统的方法研究

从吸附式制冷系统的各部件及热力关系着手，初步分析了一些造成实际循环与理论循环偏离的原因，指出了设计和完善吸附式制冷系统的基本思路和一些关键因素，对吸附式制冷系统的设计和运行调节有一定的指导意义。     

固体吸附式冷管循环工作过程的动态模拟与分析

针对余热驱动吸附式冷管单元(直径16mm,总长1020mm)制冷循环过程的变压吸/脱附特性,采用线性驱动力(LDF)模型,建立了动态的传热传质数学模型。对吸附式冷管的主要部件——吸附器和冷凝/蒸发器在加热解吸和冷却吸附不同阶段的工作过程,分别建立了耦合的动态方程。对所提出的模型进行分析和合理简化后,利用数值方法对模型进行了求解,获得了冷管单元吸附器、冷凝/蒸发器的循环工作参数的动态变化规律,计算结果与实验结果较好地吻合。为吸附式冷管单元及其组合式制冷系统进一步的优化设计和实用化的改进研究提供了重要参考。     

聚光连续型高效智能吸附式空调及其强化传热设计浅析

基于双床吸附连续制冷的理论,提出了一种聚光连续型高效智能吸附式空调系统,将聚光光伏技术和吸附式制冷技术相结合,形成冷、热、电联产一体化的新思路。系统设计围绕连续回热型的吸附制冷循环、太阳能聚光器、光伏电池板3个重要方面,提出太阳能3个层次优化利用,进一步强化传热和提高能源利用率,为丰富发展吸附式空调系统理论、低成本高效利用太阳能提供技术支持。     

吸附制冷中回质过程的新模型及循环性能的研究

吸附式制冷在余热回收方面具有很好的前景，设计了用于大客车发动机余热回收的吸附式制冷系统，进行了分布参数的模拟计算，结果显示吸附床设计是比较合理的。同时建立了一种新的回质计算模型，提出了新的回质操作方法。模拟计算显示，回质是改善吸附循环性能的重要手段，回质过程提高了循环SCP和COP达一倍以上，回质过程非常迅速，5s即已完成，可以有效地缩短循环时间，提高循环性能。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冷循环的热力分析与计算

本文阐述了太阳能作为驱动热源的固体吸附式制冷系统循环过程的工作原理，并对在一定太阳辐射条件下太阳能固体吸附式制冷系统内循环参数之间的影响，系统的ＣＯＰ做了热力分析计算。     

吸附床传热传质数学模型研究

在固体吸附制冷循环中,实际的吸附(解吸)过程都是非平衡吸附过程,与理论循环之间存在较大差距.建立吸附式制冷系统吸附床传热传质数学模型,利用数值方法对数学模型进行求解.采用SCP(单位质量吸附剂的制冷功率)优先,同时兼顾COP(性能系数,即制冷量与加热量的比值)的策略,依据建立的吸附床传热传质数学模型进行计算,从而确定吸附式制冷系统循环的最佳周期是24 min,并分析了吸附单元管的长度尺寸对整个制冷系统循环性能的影响.     

Numerical analysis of an advanced three-bed mass recovery adsorption refrigeration cycle

Numerical analysis of an adsorption cycle employing advanced three-bed mass recovery cycle with and without heat recovery is introduced in this paper. The cycle consists of three silica gel adsorbent beds with different heat utilization functions. The beds can be divided into two cycles with different desorption mechanisms. The working principle of the cycle is introduced, and performances of three-bed, single stage, and mass recovery adsorption cycles are compared in terms of coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling power (SCP). The paper also presents the effect of adsorber mass distribution and desorption time on performance. The results show that by applying heat recovery to the cycle, better COP values will be produced compared to that without heat recovery. The results also show that there is an optimum point of adsorber mass distribution and desorption time that produces optimum performance. Furthermore, the paper also compares the performances of the proposed cycle, a single-stage cycle, and a mass recovery cycle.     

Design and performance prediction of a novel double heat pipes type adsorption chiller for fishing boats

A novel double heat pipe type adsorber, which uses compound adsorbent of CaCl₂ and expanded graphite to improve the adsorption performance, is designed. The double heat pipes are integrated into the adsorbers in order to solve the problem of the corrosion between seawater and the steel adsorber in ammonia system and improve the heat transfer performance of the adsorber. There are two kinds of heat pipes integrated with the adsorber. One is the split type heat pipe for heating the adsorber in desorption phase, the other one is the two-phase closed thermosyphon heat pipe for cooling the adsorber in adsorption phase. The performance of two-adsorber adsorption chiller integrated with double heat pipes is predicted. The heat transfer performance of the heat pipes can meet the heat demands for adsorption/desorption of the adsorbent when the heating/cooling time is 720 s and mass recovery time is 60 s. When the exhaust gas temperature is 550 °C, the cooling water temperature is 25 °C, the inlet and outlet chilled water is −10 and −15.6 °C, respectively; the simulation results show that the cooling power and COP of this adsorption system are 5.1 kW and 0.38, respectively.     

太阳能平板型吸附床强化传热的分析

通过对太阳能平板型吸附床内温度分布的计算,分析了吸附床中嵌入金属助片和吸附剂（活性炭）中掺入铜粉等提高其导热系数的强化传热 方法的效果,认为当肋片的间距在6cm左右或增大吸附剂的导热系数到0．4－0.6W/(m.℃）时,吸附床内厚度方向的温度分布近乎直线,温度梯度较小,同时,胁片的热容对吸附床的整体温度的提高有很大影响。     

Solar–gas solid sorption heat pump

Solid sorption short cycle heat pump (⩽10 kW) which uses physical adsorption and is of interest to the space and domestic application is designed and tested. This heat pump has a very short (12 min), nonintermittent, two adsorber heat recovery cycles with an active carbon fiber as a sorbent bed and ammonia as a working fluid. It has two energy sources: solar and gas flame. The system management consists only in actuating the special type valves to change the direction of the heating circuit and water valves to change the water cooling circuit.     

Numerical study of a combined heat and mass recovery adsorption cooling cycle

A new transient two-dimensional model for the simulation of a combined heat and mass recovery adsorption cooling cycle based on the zeolite NaX/water working pair is proposed in this paper. The model describes the transfer phenomena in the adsorber in detail and is solved by control volume method. Internal and external mass transfer limitations which are neglected by many researchers are considered in the model since they have significant effects on the performance of the adsorption cooling cycle. The numerical results show that the combined heat and mass recovery cycle between two adsorbent beds can increase the coefficient of performance (COP) of an adsorption cooling system by more than 47% compared to the single bed cycle. This numerical model can be used in system optimization and design of adsorption cycles.     

A new type adsorber for adsorption ice maker on fishing boats

A new type of adsorber for an adsorption ice maker on fishing boats, which uses a compound adsorbent (activated carbon and CaCl₂) and ammonia working pair, is designed. This type of heat pipe adsorber solves the problem of incompatibility between ammonia, copper, seawater and steel. The heating/cooling power for the adsorption/desorption process of the adsorbent, which is required to be transferred by one heat pipe in the adsorber, is computed by the test results of the adsorbent, and the heat transfer performance of one heat pipe in the adsorber is simulated according to the theory of the two phase closed thermosyphon. The heat transfer performance of the heat pipe can meet the heat demands for adsorption/desorption of the adsorbent when the evaporating temperature is −15 °C and the cycle time is 10 min. A test unit is set up to test the heating/cooling performance of the heat pipe type adsorber, and the experimental results are coincident with the simulation. The performance of a two bed adsorption ice maker with heat pipe adsorbers is predicted, and the cooling power is about 17.1–17.8 kW at the evaporating temperature of −15 °C and cycle time of 10 min with mass recovery between two 29 kg compound adsorbent beds.     

Experiments of a solar flat plate hybrid system with heating and cooling

Based upon the prior research of the solar hybrid water heater and refrigerator, a new flat plate solar hybrid system with heating and cooling was proposed and experimental prototype device was constructed. With this new hybrid system, the heat and mass transfer can be improved effectively both in desorption process and adsorption process. The conventional flat plate solar water heater collector absorber is immersed inside adsorbent bed in the new hybrid system. The experimental results show that not only the cooling effect can be obtained, but also both the sensible heat of the adsorbent bed and the adsorption heat can be recovered effectively to produce hot water for domestic use. The COP of this new flat plate hybrid system can reach 0.11 and the heat efficiency is about 0.45, this achievement has demonstrated an efficient way of the application of solar energy.     

对吸附式制冷／热泵循环理论的分析

以Ｄ－Ｒ方程为依据，在热力分析的基础上对吸附－解吸过程作了比较准确的描述，给出的模型中，重新考虑了Ｄ－Ｒ方程中各参数的物理意义，并充分考虑了工质对热物质性如比热容，潜热等随温度变化的影响，基于该模型分析了几种重要因素如工质对的性质，循环工况，循环特性，尤其是吸附器的热容对吸附式制冷／热泵系数性能的影响，为系统的优化设计和优化运行提供了理论上的参考。     

A three-dimensional non-equilibrium model for an intermittent adsorption cooling system

Intermittent adsorption cycles, driven by low temperature heat, like solar heat, instead of electricity or natural gas, can achieve substantial fossil energy savings. In this paper, the mathematical model for the coupled heat and mass transfer in the adsorber of an intermittent adsorption cooling system is set up. The model includes four submodels: heat transfer in heating/cooling fluids, heat transfer in the metal tube, heat transfer in the fins, and heat and mass transfer in the adsorbent. The model for the heat and mass transfer in the adsorbent is a three-dimensional non-equilibrium model which takes into account both the internal and the external mass transfer resistance in the adsorbent. An experiment has been done to validate the model. With some modifications, the model can be used in system optimization and design of adsorption cycles driven by solar energy or waste heat.