聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/石墨烯纳米复合水凝胶的制备及其溶胀性能（英文）

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(Poly N-isopropylacrylamide,PNIPA)是一种能对外界温度产生响应的智能水凝胶。但是它的平衡溶胀率和响应速度不高,其应用受到一定的限制。本文通过原位聚合法制备了聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/氧化石墨烯(GO)水凝胶复合材料。并采用化学还原法对其还原获得了PNIPA/石墨烯复合水凝胶。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别表征了凝胶的化学结构和内部形态。测定了凝胶的平衡溶胀率、温度响应性及其在高温(45℃)时的消溶胀性能。研究结果表明:石墨烯的加入使凝胶的多孔结构增加,水释放通道增加,因而PNIPA/石墨烯水凝胶显示出更高的平衡溶胀率,更快的消溶胀速度以及更敏感的温度响应性。     

疏水改性PNIPA水凝胶的制备及在表面活性剂溶液中的性能

采用水溶液和水溶液胶束自由基聚合方法分别制备了聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶(PNIPA)和疏水改性PNIPA水凝胶：聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酸甲酯(MA)／丙烯酸乙酯(EA)／丙烯酸丁酯(BA)／丙烯酸十二酯(DA)水凝胶。研究了凝胶的微观结构及不同结构的水凝胶在表面活性剂溶液中的溶胀行为。结果表明,PNIPA与疏水改性PNIPA水凝胶有着不同的微观形态结构;与PNIPA水凝胶相比,疏水改性PNIPA水凝胶在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十六烷基三甲溴化铵(CTAB)水溶液中的溶胀率增大,温敏性增强。疏水改性水凝胶在溶液中的溶胀行为与凝胶化学结构、溶液组成有关。对于疏水改性丙烯酸酯-NIPA共聚水凝胶,其溶胀率随丙烯酸酯碳链长度的增加而降低,在SDS溶液中的相转变温度远比CTAB溶液中的高,突变温度区间更宽。     

SA分子量及用量对SA/PNIPAAm semi-IPN水凝胶溶胀性能的影响

研究了海藻酸钠(SA)的分子量及用量对SA/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)半互穿网络(SA/PNIPAAm semi-IPN)水凝胶的平衡溶胀度、溶胀速率和消溶胀速率的影响。结果发现,水凝胶平衡溶胀度随着凝胶网络中SA组分分子量以及用量的增加而增大;在pH=1.0条件下,SA/PNIPAAm semi-IPN水凝胶的溶胀速率随着SA的分子量以及用量的增加而降低,在pH=7.4条件下,水凝胶的溶胀速率随着SA的分子量以及用量的增加而增大;SA用量较低时,分子量的大小对SA/PNIPAAm semi-IPN水凝胶的消溶胀速率有很大影响,随着SA用量的增加,分子量大小对水凝胶消溶胀速率的影响作用降低。     

含笼形POSS的PNIPAM温敏性水凝胶的溶胀及药物缓释行为

以八乙烯基低聚倍半硅氧烷(OVPS)为交联剂,通过溶液共聚制备了聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺有机/无机杂化水凝胶(P(OVPS-co-NIPAM)),研究了其溶胀、消溶胀和再溶胀及药物缓释行为。结果表明,所有P(OVPS-co-NIPAM)杂化水凝胶的平衡溶胀率SR均随温度升高而降低。20℃,5-P(OVPS-co-NIPAM)杂化水凝胶在去离子水中的SR与常规水凝胶P(MBA-co-NIPAM)相同,但在生理盐水中的SR,前者明显大于后者。随着OVPS含量的增加,杂化水凝胶的SR、再溶胀和消溶胀速率均逐渐下降。5-P(OVPS-co-NIPAM)杂化水凝胶的载药率和累积释药率均高于常规水凝胶P(MBA-co-NIPAM)。此外,P(OVPS-co-NIPAM)杂化水凝胶的药物释放速率均高于常规水凝胶,而且20℃时随OVPS含量增加,释药加快。     

温敏性三元共聚水凝胶溶胀及消溶胀行为

采用自由基溶液聚合法,室温下制备了聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-壳聚糖-co-甲基丙烯酸)[P(NIPAM-co-CS-co-MAA)]三元共聚水凝胶,以红外光谱及质量法对凝胶结构和溶胀性进行了表征。结果表明,高交联凝胶溶胀符合non-Fickian扩散;温度高于35℃时溶胀的共聚凝胶均发生明显收缩;相同甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和壳聚糖(CS)单体用量,MAA对凝胶溶胀和消溶胀影响大于CS。不同pH溶液中的溶胀碱性时比酸性条件下更大,pH=5.0左右较差,显示与传统甲基丙烯酸系水凝胶不同的pH敏感性,其消溶胀动力学满足一级动力学方程。     

温度/pH双重敏感性芦苇半纤维素基水凝胶的制备与表征

通过自由基聚合反应制备出以芦苇半纤维素为基材的温度/pH双重敏感性水凝胶材料。考察不同单体丙烯酸(AA)和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)摩尔比对其温度和pH的响应能力,探讨水凝胶的形成机制和消溶胀动力学行为。结果表明,四种不同单位摩尔比水凝胶均具有温度和pH双重敏感性,NIPAAm摩尔比含量高的水凝胶对温度响应更为敏感,而结构中的AA对水凝胶pH敏感行为起主要作用,消溶胀动力学符合准一级模型,消溶胀速率随NIPAAm摩尔比增加而加大。     

CMCS/PNIPA/粘土纳米复合水凝胶的结构与性能

以无机粘土作为交联剂制备了pH/温度双重响应的羧甲基壳聚糖/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/粘土半互穿网络(CMCS/PNIPA/Clay semi-IPN)纳米复合水凝胶,对其结构、形态及溶胀行为等进行了研究。实验表明,无机粘土被剥离成纳米尺寸的片层,均匀分散在凝胶网络中,起交联剂的作用,CMCS以线性大分子存在于水凝胶中。CMCS/PNIPA/Clay纳米复合水凝胶在33℃出现体积相转变,与传统PNIPA凝胶一致;当pH值在CMCS的等电点附近时,凝胶的溶胀度出现最小值。     

PNIPA/CS智能水凝胶的辐射合成及性能研究

选用具有优良温敏性单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPA)和具有良好生物相容性及生物可降解性的p H敏感性天然高分子壳聚糖(CS)为基本原料,采用辐射法合成了PNIPA/CS智能水凝胶,用红外光谱分析了水凝胶的结构,并测定了水凝胶的溶胀动力学、退溶胀动力学和平衡溶胀率,研究了CS含量对凝胶性能的影响。结果表明,CS分子上的C3—OH和/或C6—OH和PNIPA发生了接枝反应,PNIPA/CS水凝胶的溶胀率随着CS含量的增大而逐渐减小。CS含量为20%的水凝胶其溶胀过程主要由链段的松弛来控制,该水凝胶的平均失水率约为94%,其较低温临界温度(LCST)约为37℃。     

疏水改性聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的性能及对溶液组成的依赖性

采用自由基胶束水溶液聚合方法制备了疏水改性聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶(P(NIPA-co-MA／EA／BA／DA)),研究了该类水凝胶和PNIPA水凝胶在去离子水及NaCl、Na2SO4、乙醇水溶液中的溶胀行为及与温度的关系。结果表明,聚合物水凝胶在水溶液中的行为与凝胶化学结构、温度、水溶液中的溶质的种类和含量有关。     

快速响应的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶的合成及性能

以羧甲基纤维素的水溶液为反应介质制备了快速响应的温度敏感性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶。利用DSC对其相转变温度进行了表征,并测定了不同温度下达到平衡时水凝胶的溶胀比,研究了水凝胶的去溶胀动力学。结果表明,在聚合/交联过程中羧甲基纤维素的存在对PN IPA水凝胶的相转变温度几乎没有影响;与传统水凝胶相比,该水凝胶的溶胀性能有所提高,并且具有较快的响应速率。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.