温湿度对缓冲材料静态特性的影响

通过静态压缩试验所得的数据,分析了温度、湿度、密度对聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料、聚乙烯泡沫塑料、聚氨酯泡沫塑料等常用的缓冲包装材料的应力-应变曲线、缓冲系数-最大应力曲线和静压残余应变等静态特性的影响。     

可降解缓冲包装材料的现状及发展前景

分析了目前常用的泡沫塑料、瓦楞纸板、蜂窝纸板、纸浆模塑等缓冲包装材料现状与应用前景,重点论述了以植物秸秆为原料的缓冲包装材料良好的可降解性,指出这种“绿色”缓冲包装材料,有较广阔的发展前景,可变废为宝,实现农副产品的增值。     

植物纤维多孔缓冲包装材料的研究现状与展望

目的综述植物纤维多孔缓冲包装材料的研究现状,指出已有植物纤维缓冲包装材料研究中存在的问题,并对其研究趋势进行展望。方法通过对国内外有关植物纤维缓冲包装材料研究文献的梳理,将已有研究从原料及组分、发泡方法和成型工艺等3个方面进行分类,并对研究现状进行分析评价。结论植物纤维多孔缓冲包装材料的应用对自然资源的有效利用和减轻泡沫塑料对环境的压力均具有重要意义,通过解决现阶段存在的发泡机理等问题,为植物纤维缓冲包装材料的进一步研究提供参考。     

新型包装材料“瓦中瓦”缓冲特性研究

增强夹心瓦楞纸板("瓦中瓦")是一种新型包装材料.对6种"瓦中瓦"进行了静态压缩试验,分析其静态缓冲特性,并用性能最好的一种"瓦中瓦"与聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料对电脑主机作缓冲包装,进行振动冲击的对比试验,探索其代替聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的可能性.结果表明,"瓦中瓦"是大型家用电器、机电设备等较为理想的环保包装材料和包装容器.     

可降解缓冲包装材料的现状及发展

简述了可降解泡沫塑料、瓦楞纸板、蜂窝纸板、纸浆模、和植物桔杆等几种常见可降解缓冲包装材料的应用现状及其发展。     

瓦楞纸箱设计的防震技术

所谓防震包装就是指为减缓内装物受到冲击和振动,保护其免受损坏所采取的一定防护措施的包装。 常见的缓冲包装材料有泡沫塑料、蜂窝纸板、纸浆模塑、瓦楞纸板、纸质类、气垫类和植物纤维类包装缓冲材料。很多国家和地区对环境保护做出的规定促使了绿色缓冲包装的进一步的开发,出现了很多绿色包装材料,如：碎纸、皱纹纸、瓦楞纸板、纸浆模塑、可降解塑料、蜂窝纸板等等。     

瓦楞纸箱设计的防震技术

所谓防震包装就是指为减缓内装物受到冲击和振动,保护其免受损坏所采取的一定防护措施的包装。常见的缓冲包装材料有泡沫塑料、蜂窝纸板、纸浆模塑、瓦楞纸板、纸质类、气垫类和植物纤维类包装缓冲材料。很多国家和地区对环境保护做出的规定,促使了绿色缓冲包装的进一步的开发,出现了很多绿色包装材料,如：碎纸、皱纹纸、瓦楞纸板、纸浆模塑、可降解塑料、蜂窝纸板等等。     

可代替泡沫塑料的纸质包装材料

英国一家公司生产了一种符合环保要求的纸质包装材料 ,可以代替常用的泡沫塑料包装材料。这种称为“弗列特拉”的包装材料是一种纸卷 ,上面有许多小裂口 ,因此在存储发运时 ,所占空间较小。当纸卷拉开后 ,它就成为立体蜂窝状 ,厚达原来的 10倍 ,面积也增加 2 0 %。它具有缓冲衬垫物的作用 ,适合填充和保护包装商品用。这种纸质包装材料是用再生纤维制成的 ,可以重复使用 ,并具有生物降解和再生性能。可代替泡沫塑料的纸质包装材料@李兵     

生物降解高分子在缓冲包装材料中的应用

泡沫塑料具有优异的性能,在缓冲包装材料中摘　占有重要的地位,但使用后的废弃物带来严重的环境污染。一些生物降解高分子能够适应环保的要求,具有巨大的开发利用价值,本文概述了生物降解高分子在缓冲发泡材料中的应用。     

缓冲用纸包装材料结构

随着国家对"白色污染"的重视,用环保型材料代替泡沫塑料作为缓冲包装材料成为缓冲包装的一个发展趋势,全纸包装也成为避免贸易壁垒的现代包装的新宠。近几年,纸包装材料的结构开发得到了飞速的发展。缓冲材料的结构也从单一型转向复杂型,从工艺型转化为功能型。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.