多壁碳纳米管功能化及其增韧环氧树脂的研究

采用混酸氧化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs),然后将其与过氧化丁二酸反应,接着对其进行酰胺功能化处理,并用功能化后的MWCNTs对环氧树脂(EP)进行增韧改性,研究了不同含量MWCNTs对EP力学性能的影响,探讨了其改性机理.研究结果表明,经过功能化处理,MWCNTs表面成功接上了一定数量的酰胺基团,将其加入到EP中可大幅度提高EP的冲击强度,在其用量为1.5wt%时,冲击强度提高了92%;SEM结果显示,加入MWCNTs后EP由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂.     

改性碳纳米管处理碳纤维的效果表征

采用浓硫酸/浓硝酸氧化处理多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs),再将氧化后的碳纳米管与硅烷偶联剂(KH560)进行接枝,制备了硅烷偶联剂表面化学修饰的MWCNTs。在此基础上,将改性前后的碳纳米管分散在环氧树脂体系中,涂覆处理碳纤维。研究处理前后碳纤维力学性能和界面性能的变化。通过红外光谱(FTIR)和透射电镜(TEM)分析,表明KH560已成功接枝到多壁碳纳米管上;通过分散性实验证明了改性后的碳纳米管分散性提高;对处理后的碳纤维进行力学性能测试,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析断面形态变化,结果表明,当碳纳米管的含量为0.5%时,改性碳纳米管处理的碳纤维拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别提高23.83%和7.11%,界面性能增强。     

多壁碳纳米管功能化及其增韧环氧树脂的研究

采用混酸氧化多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs），然后将其与过氧化丁二酸反应，接着对其进行酰胺功能化处理，并用功能化后的MWCNTs对环氧树脂（EP）进行增韧改性，研究了不同含量MWCNTs对EP力学性能的影响，探讨了其改性机理。研究结果表明，经过功能化处理，MWCNTs表面成功接上了一定数量的酰胺基团，将其加入到EP中可大幅度提高EP的冲击强度，在其用量为1．5wt％时，冲击强度提高了92%,SEM结果显示，加入MWCNTs后印由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。     

碳纳米管的表面改性对环氧树脂低温(77 K)冲击性能及热膨胀系数的影响

采用混酸氧化及表面接枝改性的方法制备了表面含不同官能团的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs), 并研究了不同MWCNTs对环氧树脂的低温(77 K)抗冲击性能及热膨胀系数(CTE)的影响。结果表明: 通过接枝反应将—NCO基团封端的PEO齐聚物引入MWCNTs表面, 可提高MWCNTs在环氧树脂基体中的分散性, 加强MWCNTs与环氧树脂的界面作用; 相对于纯环氧树脂, 添加质量分数为0.5%的纯MWCNTs、 氧化MWCNTs和表面接枝MWCNTs改性后的环氧树脂的低温冲击强度分别升高了10.27%、 26.13%和32.95%, 而CTE则分别降低了14.79%、 29.59%和40.29%。这表明表面接枝改性MWCNTs可明显提高环氧树脂基体的低温抗冲击性能并降低环氧树脂在玻璃化转变温度下的CTE。     

CaCO_3/Al_2O_3/MWCNTs环氧复合涂层性能研究

利用KH560对碳酸钙(CaCO_3)、氧化铝(Al_2O_3)、酸化后的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)表面进行接枝改性,并制备了CaCO_3/Al_2O_3/MWCNTs/环氧树脂(EP)复合涂层。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TG)和EDS分析对改性前后的无机填料进行表征,使用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、抗冲击试验、高温高压实验测试复合涂层的附着力、耐腐蚀等性能。同时用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察复合涂层表面形貌。结果表明,KH560成功的接枝在3种无机填料表面,当MWCNTs的质量分数为2%时,CaCO_3/Al_2O_3/MWCNTs/EP复合涂层的分散性最好,性能最优。     

碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料改性环氧树脂力学性能研究

通过超声离心将酸化石墨烯和羟基化的多壁碳纳米管按照不同比例成功合成碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料。将杂化材料分散在环氧树脂体系中制备环氧树脂复合材料样条,研究杂化材料对环氧树脂力学性能的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸力学性能测试分析了杂化材料的分散性等微观结构以及环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能及断面形貌。碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料对环氧树脂有增强增韧的效果,其中石墨烯与碳纳米管之比为2∶1的杂化材料对环氧树脂的增强增韧效果最好。     

多壁碳纳米管的表面功能化及分散性研究

多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)分别经混合、强酸氧化浸泡和酰氯化处理后,再与9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)的衍生物(DHDOPO)进行接枝反应得到表面功能化的MWCNTs。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)、紫外-可见分光光度仪(UV-Vis)和沉降实验等分别表征改性前后MWCNTs的结构和表面形态,估算DHDOPO在MWCNTs表面的相对接枝率,研究改性前后MWCNTs在乙醇中的分散性。结果表明,MWCNTs经混合强酸氧化后表面出现羧基;DHDOPO在MWCNTs上的相对接枝率为51%;混合强酸氧化和表面接枝DHDOPO的MWCNTs在无水乙醇中具有良好的分散性。     

碳纳米管/碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行改性处理,得到表面接枝1,3,5-苯三甲酸的碳纳米管(B-MWCNTs)。分别将MWCNTs和B-MWCNTs分散在环氧树脂基体及上浆剂中,通过缠绕成型法制备含有MWCNTs的碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料,并采用热压成型工艺制备MWCNTs/碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料层合板。结果表明,B-MWCNTs在环氧树脂基体和上浆剂中的分散状态明显优于MWCNTs。添加B-MWCNTs后复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和失重5%时对应的温度均有所提高。而且,添加B-MWCNTs可以明显提高碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能。当MWCNTs含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,B-MWCNTs/碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料层合板的压缩强度、层间剪切强度和冲击后压缩强度(CAI)分别提高了14.3%,37.1%和23.4%。     

碳纳米杂化材料的制备及其对环氧树脂性能的影响

通过超声处理和离心酸化石墨烯与多壁碳纳米管制备出碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化材料。通过紫外光谱表征杂化材料结构的变化。通过将不同填料(杂化材料、石墨烯、碳纳米管)加入环氧树脂体系制备复合材料样条,对样条进行拉伸测试,并通过扫描电镜观察样条断面的微观形态。结果表明:当杂化材料的添加量为0.3%(质量分数)时,复合材料的力学性能最好。根据结果可初步推断出杂化材料增强增韧环氧树脂的可能机理:(1)杂化材料为纳米粒子,纳米粒子在界面上与环氧基团形成远大于范德华力的作用力,构成非常理想的界面;(2)杂化材料中石墨烯与碳纳米管通过π-π作用嵌插在一起形成三维立体结构,这种"胡须"状结构可分散和缓冲样条受到的外力作用,外力作用过程中产生微裂纹吸收能量,实现对环氧树脂强度和韧性的改性。     

多壁碳纳米管改性氰酸酯/环氧树脂基纳米复合材料的力学性能

用强酸氧化法与等离子体镀膜法分别对原始多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行表面修饰,制备了MWCNTs改性氰酸酯/环氧树脂基纳米复合材料。对复合材料的断裂面进行SEM分析,研究了表面处理方法对复合材料室温及低温力学性能的影响。结果表明,经等离子体镀膜表面修饰后的MWCNT在基体中分散更为均匀,与基体的界面结合力更强。经等离子体镀膜表面改性后的MWCNTs复合材料,当MWCNTs质量分数为0.3%时,其室温及低温拉伸强度、弹性模量和冲击强度较纯氰酸酯/环氧树脂基体均有不同程度的提高。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.