紫外光辐照氧化碳微球

采用紫外光辐照不同氧化剂体系对碳微球(CMSs)表面进行化学修饰,引入含氧官能团以改善其表面惰性。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对样品进行形貌分析,通过红外光谱、热重分析、X射线光电子能谱和酸碱滴定法对处理后样品表面的含氧官能团进行定性和定量分析,并观察了氧化后CMSs在乙醇中的分散性。结果表明:UV辐照下3种氧化体系(H2O2,H2O2+HNO3,H2 O2+H2 SO4)修饰的CMSs表面均引入了含O官能团;相对而言,UV/H2 O2+H2 SO4体系氧化处理的CMSs表面引入的含氧官能团总量最多,这为碳材料提供了一种新型高效的氧化技术。     

碳纳米管改性对环氧树脂复合材料热学和电学性能的影响

分别采用混酸(浓H2SO4和浓HNOs)、浓HNOs、浓NaOH及浓H2SO4/H2O2对碳纳米管(CNTs)在室温下进行表面处理,通过FTIR、SEM、DSC和TGA研究了各改性方法对CNTs/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料热性能和电性能的影响.结果表明,混酸处理使CNTs在EP中的分散性、EP的玻璃化温度和热分解温度都显著提高,其它3种方法也有这种作用,相比较而言,H2SO4/H2O2和HNO3的改性作用稍差,而NaOH的最差.4种处理方法都使复合材料的导电性能、介电常数以及介电损耗显著下降,其中混酸处理使上述性能下降的程度最高,其次为H2SO4/H2O2处理,NaOH处理和HNO3处理对电性能影响较小.     

低碳细鳞片石墨制备可膨胀石墨的研究

用酸浸泡提纯+H2SO4/H2O2/K2Cr2O7氧化插层体系分步氧化插层复合工艺,以88.22%碳含量、150目的低纯细鳞片石墨制备出可膨胀石墨。研究了浸泡酸、插层剂及分步氧化插层对膨胀体积EV的影响,结合膨胀石墨微观形貌对影响因素进行分析讨论。实验结果表明:用HF预处理2h,H2O2一次氧化1h的鳞片石墨以m(C)∶V(H2SO4)∶m(K2Cr2O7)=1∶4.0∶0.16在超声振荡条件下反应1h,可制备出膨胀体积EV为165mL/g的可膨胀石墨。     

低碳细鳞片石墨制备可膨胀石墨的研究

用酸浸泡提纯+H2SO4/H2O2/K2Cr2O7氧化插层体系分步氧化插层复合工艺,以88.22%碳含量、150目的低纯细鳞片石墨制备出可膨胀石墨。研究了浸泡酸、插层剂及分步氧化插层对膨胀体积EV的影响,结合膨胀石墨微观形貌对影响因素进行分析讨论。实验结果表明:用HF预处理2h,H2O2一次氧化1h的鳞片石墨以m(C)∶V(H2SO4)∶m(K2Cr2O7)=1∶4.0∶0.16在超声振荡条件下反应1h,可制备出膨胀体积EV为165mL/g的可膨胀石墨。     

2024铝合金阳极氧化、电解着黑色工艺优化及膜的性能

为了在2024铝合金表面获得结合力好、耐候性好及黑色纯正的阳极氧化膜,首先在硫酸电解液中对2024铝合金进行阳极氧化,之后在Sn-Ni-Cu-Co电解液中进行电解着黑色,采用SEM,XRD,EDS分析膜层的表面形貌、截面特征、成分及膜中的元素分布,优选了阳极氧化、电解着色电解液的成分;从金属颗粒沉积、氧化还原方面分析了电解着色的机理。结果表明:最佳阳极氧化液配方为100.0 g/L H2SO4,5.0 g/L H3BO3,2.0 g/L(NH4)2SO4,2.0 g/L苹果酸,2.0 g/L MgSO4,1.5 g/L Al2(SO4)3;最佳着色液配方为15 g/L SnSO4,10 g/L NiSO4,10 g/L CuSO4,10 g/L C4H6O4Co,3 g/L FeSO4;在Sn-Ni-Cu-Co电解着色液中,Sn2+,Co2+,Cu2+等通过还原反应以单质的形式沉积于氧化膜层的孔隙或底部,通过多重散射使氧化膜颜色加深,从而得到了黑色的氧化膜;最佳氧化膜颜色为石墨黑,结合力及耐候性均较好。     

Gd_2O_2SO_4∶Dy~(3+)纳米粉体的共沉淀法合成及光致发光研究

采用Gd2O3、Dy2O3、H2SO4和NaOH为实验原料,通过共沉淀法合成了Gd2O2SO4∶Dy3+纳米粉体。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和光致发光(PL)光谱等手段对合成的粉体进行了表征。XRD分析表明前躯体在空气气氛下900℃煅烧2h能转化成纯相的Gd2O2SO4∶Dy3+。TEM观察显示Gd2O2SO4∶Dy3+粉体形貌为近球形,分散性良好,粒度大小为20～40nm。PL光谱分析表明在277nm紫外光激发下,Gd2O2SO4∶Dy3+的主次发射峰分别位于575nm(黄光)和485nm(蓝光),分别归属于Dy3+的4F9/2→6H13/2和4F9/2→6H15/2跃迁。Dy3+的猝灭浓度是2%(摩尔分数),猝灭机理是由于Dy3+和Dy3+之间的交换相互作用。余辉光谱研究表明Dy3+的4F9/2→6H13/2和4F9/2→6H15/2跃迁均具有e单指数衰减行为,荧光寿命分别为0.468和0.462ms。     

铊在多壁碳纳米管上的吸附(英文)

多壁碳纳米管采用H2SO4,KMnO4,HNO3氧化处理后用于铊吸附研究。碳纳米管经处理后表面官能团增加,采用Bohmn滴定法确定了样品的表面官能团的量。当用于吸附铊时,氧化处理显著提高了其吸附能力。采用Langmuir方程进行拟合处理后获得原始碳纳米管、H2SO4,KMnO4,HNO3氧化处理后样品的吸附量分别为3.0,11.7,21.6 and 31.55mg/g。HNO3处理后具有对铊最佳的吸附性能。     

聚苯硫醚滤料的预处理及其SCR的催化活性

聚苯硫醚(PPS)滤料经HNO3、H2SO4、HCl和NaOH进行预处理,研究了预处理对PPS滤料性质及选择性催化还原(SCR)催化活性的影响。红外光谱(FT-IR)分析结果表明,只有经HNO3预处理的PPS滤料表面发生明显氧化;差示扫描量热(DSC)和热失重(TG)分析表明,经H2SO4、HCl和NaOH预处理的PPS滤料保持原有良好的热稳定性,HNO3预处理的PPS滤料热稳定性下降。低温下对PPS滤料进行SCR催化活性测试,结果表明,经H2SO4、HCl和NaOH预处理的PPS滤料SCR催化活性有一定程度的提高,经HNO3预处理的PPS滤料SCR催化活性有一定程度的下降。     

氧化铝的制备方式对催化元件性能的影响

以Al2(SO4)3·18H2O为原料,研究了氧化铝的不同制备方式对催化元件性能的影响。结果表明:以Al2(SO4)3为原料制备氧化铝时,粉料中残存的SO42-对催化剂进行了预中毒处理,使元件保持了较好的抗H2S中毒的能力。在以Al2(SO4)3为原料制备氧化铝的过程中,经过在PH为9～10的氨水中加热陈化处理,易于得到γ-Al2O3的晶相。以γ-Al2O3为载体所制备的催化元件,拥有较好的抗硅中毒能力。抗硅中毒能力强的催化元件,在长期使用过程中,可保持较好的工作稳定性。     

(Gd1-x,Prx)2O2S闪烁陶瓷粉体的合成及光致发光研究

以Gd2O3、Pr6O11和H2SO4为原料,通过H2还原法合成不同浓度Pr3 离子掺杂的(Gd1-x,Prx)2O2S闪烁陶瓷粉体.利用DTA-TG-DTG、FT-IR 、XRD、SEM、光致发光(PL)光谱等测试手段对合惩的粉体进行了表征.研究表明,将Gd2O3和Pr6O11与稀H2SO4在100℃加热搅拌,制备出2Gd2O3·(Gd1-x,Prx)2(SO4)3·12H2O前躯体.前驱体在750℃煅烧2h可获得(Gd1-x,Prx)2O2SO4粉体,该粉体在H2气氛下750℃还原1h可以转化为具有疏松和多孔蜂窝状结构的单相(Gd1-x,Prx)2O2S闪烁陶瓷粉体.(Gd1-x,Prx)2O2S粉体在307nm的紫外光激发下呈现绿光发射,主发射峰位于511nm,归属于Pr3 离子的3P0-3H4跃迁.发光强度随Pr3 离子浓度的变化而变化,当Pr3 离子的摩尔分数为1.000%时,粉体具有最高的发光强度.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.