掺Fe3+A-TiO2的水热法制备及其光催化性能研究

采用水热法以硫酸钛为原料制备了掺Fe3+ TiO2粉末,并通过SEM、TEM和XRD测定了样品的形貌和晶型,研究了自制掺Fe3+TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解作用.结果表明,所制备的TiO2为锐钛矿型(即A-TiO2).254nm紫外光照射下,用自制掺Fe3+A-TiO2降解甲基橙溶液的最佳条件是:在12mg/L甲基橙溶液中加入0.050g掺5%Fe3十(摩尔分数)的A-TiO2粉末,28℃恒温反应4h,降解率达到62.52%.同样条件下不加A-TiO2时甲基橙自身光解率为16.73%,加入纯A-TiO2时甲基橙降解率为51.75%,而加入掺杂10%Fe3+的A-TiO2其降解率为59.01%.     

不同催化剂可见光催化H2O2降解莠去津的性能研究

以锐钛矿型TiO2(记为A)以及Fe3+改性后的锐钛矿型TiO2(记为Fe-A)为光催化剂,以内分泌干扰物莠去津为目标污染物,研究了H2O2加入前后对两种不同催化剂可见光催化降解莠去津的影响,及其可见光催化降解莠去津的反应机理。结果表明:在H2O2存在的条件下,锐钛矿型TiO2可见光催化降解莠去津的光催化性能有了一定的提高,而Fe3+改性过后的锐钛矿型TiO2可见光催化降解莠去津的性能却得到显著提高,反应1h,降解率便达到98%。形成这种结果的原因可以初步判定为前者是H2O2吸附于锐钛矿型TiO2表面形成特殊结构,产生的O2-.主要起氧化降解作用,而后者则由于其溶出的Fe3+与H2O2作用在可见光下发生光芬顿反应,进而对莠去津起到良好的降解效果。     

水热法合成TiO2/Fe3+光催化剂及其氧化降解亚甲基蓝

以硫酸钛为钛源,采用水热法合成了TiO2/Fe3+光催化剂,利用XRD对产物晶体结构进行表征,研究在紫外光(365nm)照射下用合成的TiO2/Fe3+粉末催化降解亚甲基蓝的效果,分析了亚甲基蓝初始浓度、TiO2/Fe3+用量、掺Fe3+量、光照时间和溶液初始pH值等因素的影响;考察了溶液初始pH值对TiO2/Fe3+粉末的吸附性能和光催化活性的影响。结果表明:合成的TiO2/Fe3+晶体为锐钛矿型(A-TiO2)。在4mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液(pH=8)中,加入掺Fe3+量0.8%(摩尔分数)合成的TiO2/Fe3+粉末使其用量为0.6g/L,室温下紫外光照反应6h,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到98.2%。在上述优化条件下,当溶液的pH<6时,催化剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附量和光催化效率均较低,且二者随pH升高而显著增加;当pH≥6时,对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用较大,因此较明显地提高了光催化活性。     

煅烧温度、煅烧时间和Fe3+掺杂量对TiO2光催化性能的影响

以钛酸四正了酯为先驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和Fe3+掺杂的纳米TiO2(Fe3+/TiO2)光催化剂,并用XRD、UV-Vis等进行了表征,系统研究了煅烧温度、煅烧时间和Fe3+掺杂量对催化剂在自然光条件下光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响.结果表明,相同煅烧温度下,Fe3+/TiO2的粒径比纯TiO2的粒径小.制备纯TiO2和Fe3+/TiO2的最佳煅烧时间分别为4h和3h,最佳煅烧温度均为773K.适量掺入Fe3+可以显著提高纳米TiO2在自然光条件下的光催化降解活性,Fe3+/TiO2中Fe3+的最佳掺杂量为10.00%,相应的脱色效率为28.37%.     

钒铁掺杂TiO_2微球的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用水热法在不使用模板剂的条件下合成了在水中分散良好、粒径为300～800nm、规则的锐钛矿型TiO2微球.用NH4VO3和FeC2O4按原子分数为0%、0.8%、1.6%、2.4%进行V5+、Fe3+掺杂;当TiO2质量浓度为0.134g/L、pH值为9时进行可见光降解20mg/L亚甲基蓝实验.结果表明,V掺杂的降解效果与P25粉接近,Fe掺杂有抑制光催化的效果,钒铁共掺杂则呈现出短期降解能力优于未掺杂微球,并且比P25粉沉淀得更彻底、更迅速.通过XRD、FTIR、SEM分析发现,TiO2微球是由粒径约为10nm的晶粒组成,V5+进入TiO2的晶格,Fe3+则以QFe2O3形式存在于微球中.     

磁性La3+掺杂TiO2的制备及性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法,在室温条件下,以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸镧为主要原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为抑制剂,浓硝酸为催化剂制得稳定的掺La3+TiO2溶胶,陈化后的凝胶经不同温度煅烧3h后制得不同掺La3+量的TiO2。通过XRD对不同煅烧温度及不同掺La3+量的TiO2进行了表征;以紫外光为光源,研究了掺La3+-TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光降解效果。用化学共沉淀法制备了具有强磁性的Fe3O4水基磁流体,再与La3+掺杂TiO2进行复合,制备了Fe3O4负载量不同的磁性La3+掺杂TiO2,研究了Fe3O4负载量不同的La3+掺杂TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解效果、磁分离回收率的影响。结果表明,掺La3+量及煅烧温度对TiO2的晶型、各晶型TiO2的相对含量及对甲基橙的光降解效果均有影响。La3+掺杂TiO2比纯TiO2显示出更强的光催化性能,掺La3+量2%,热处理温度450℃的La3+掺杂TiO2光催化活性最高。Fe3O4负载量为10%的Fe3O4/La3+-TiO2对甲基橙的降解率8h时为99.4%;磁分离回收率达97.39%。     

TiO_2-Al_2O_3负载型催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯和氢氧化钠为反应物,采用两步水热法制备TiO2纳米线,并将其原位负载于Al2O3载体上,研究它们对甲基橙的光催化降解性能。结果表明,锐钛矿相TiO2主要呈纳米线和八面体状负载在Al2O3载体上,当TiO2负载质量分数为30%,焙烧温度为400℃,催化剂用量为1.332 0 g/L时,TiO2-Al2O3负载型催化剂光催化降解甲基橙的性能最佳,光照5 h后,甲基橙在紫外和太阳光下的降解率分别达到58.9%和55.6%。相同实验条件下,TiO2-Al2O3负载型催化剂对甲基橙的降解率比单纯TiO2提高了35.1%。     

静电纺丝法制备Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维及表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为纤维模板,钛酸四丁酯(Ti[O(CH2)3CH3]4)和Fe3+为前驱体,乙醇为溶剂,醋酸为催化剂,采用静电纺丝法制备不同含铁量的复合纳米纤维Fe3+/TiO2,经500℃煅烧得到以锐钛矿为主的Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别表征了Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维的形貌与晶态,计算了样品的晶粒尺寸和锐钛矿所占的比例,并比较了5%Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维、5%Fe3+/TiO2粉体以及纯TiO2纳米纤维三者光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的效果。研究表明:由静电纺丝法制备的5%Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维的光催化降解效果比相同含铁量的粉体的降解效果好,TiO2纳米纤维比5%Fe3+/TiO2纳米纤维的光催化活性高。     

金属掺杂对纳米管TiO2光催化性能的影响

利用水热法,以Degussa P-25TiO2粉末为原料,AlCl3、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和ZnCl2为掺杂剂合成金属掺杂纳米管TiO2,并采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和BET比表面积分析对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,掺杂金属分别以Al 3+、Fe3+和Zn2+的形式存在。随着煅烧温度的增高,样品的比表面积逐渐降低,锐钛矿含量先增大后减小;金属掺杂后,催化剂比表面积略有降低,锐钛矿含量略有增大。考察紫外光催化臭氧化工艺中TiO2降解腐植酸标志物的催化效果,结果表明,450℃煅烧未掺杂纳米管TiO2对腐植酸的催化降解效率为44%,较P-25TiO2粉末提高了11%;金属掺杂后催化效果提升明显,550℃煅烧Fe掺杂纳米管TiO2的催化效果最为显著,腐植酸去除率达77%。     

金属掺杂对纳米管TiO2光催化性能的影响

利用水热法,以DegussaP-25TiO2粉末为原料,AlCl3、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和ZnCl2为掺杂剂合成金属掺杂纳米管TiO2,并采用透射电镜(TEM)X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和BET比表面积分析对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,掺杂金属分别以Al3+ 、Fe3+和Zn2+的形式存在。随着煅烧温度的增高,样品的比表面积逐渐降低,锐钛矿含量先增大后减小;金属掺杂后,催化剂比表面积略有降低,锐钛矿含量 略 有 增 大。考 察 紫 外 光 催 化 臭 氧 化 工 艺 中TiO2降解腐植酸标志物的催化效果,结果表明,450℃煅烧未掺杂纳米管TiO2对腐植酸的催化降解效率为44%,较P-25TiO2粉末提高了11%;金属掺杂后催化效果提升明显,550℃煅烧Fe掺杂纳米管TiO2的催化效果最为显著,腐植酸去除率达77%。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.