两亲性嵌段共聚物聚乳酸-聚亮氨酸-聚乙二醇的合成及性能研究

具有温度敏感的生物水凝胶因可根据温度变化发生相变而受到人们重视。采用直接熔融聚合法,先以外消旋乳酸(D,L-LA)和L-亮氨酸(Leu)为原料,辛酸亚锡为催化剂,合成了聚乳酸-聚亮氨酸;再以一定比例将上述两组分共聚物与一定分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)混合,在辛酸亚锡为催化剂的情况下熔融聚合制备聚乳酸-聚亮氨酸-聚乙二醇三组分嵌段共聚物。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振波谱仪(1 H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)对两组分和三组分共聚物进行了系统表征,所得三组分共聚物的一定浓度的水溶液在20～35℃时具有溶胶-凝胶转变特性,能够满足该生物友好材料在药物缓释领域中的应用。     

温敏凝胶流变性能动力学研究

应用动态流变实验测定了温敏共聚物的流体特性,分析其在溶胶-凝胶转变过程共聚物溶液随温度变化形成凝胶机理。以室内合成的四元共聚物溶液为基础,采用动态流变实验测定了该共聚物溶液在不同温度、浓度下的剪切模量和损耗模量的变化,确定了凝胶特性,并与试管倒置法比较了凝胶温度。实验结果表明,临界温度为143℃,在一定浓度下(高于接触浓度C*),低于此温度共聚物溶液具有一般粘性流体特性;高于此温度可形成凝胶网络结构;溶液在测试温度(65～240℃)内,其损耗角从56.27°逐渐变为31.04°,溶液体系从粘性流体逐渐到粘弹性流体过渡;说明该溶液在一定浓度下具有温敏特性。     

物理交联聚乙烯醇/明胶复合水凝胶透明性的溶剂敏感性

以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)水溶液为分散介质,采用冷冻-解冻法制备了聚乙烯醇/明胶复合水凝胶,并研究了其透明性的溶剂敏感性。研究发现,将水凝胶交替置于去离子水和不同浓度的DMSO水溶液中,其透光率呈周期性变化;随DM-SO浓度的升高,其透光率的响应速率加快。通过X射线衍射(XRD)研究了聚乙烯醇/明胶复合水凝胶和纯聚乙烯醇水凝胶的聚集态结构。结果表明,两种水凝胶在不同溶剂中结构差异很大,并具有可逆转变性。随复合水凝胶中水含量的增加,其结晶度减小。该复合水凝胶的溶剂敏感性可能与其内部的结晶形态在不同溶剂中的转变或溶剂诱导相分离有关。     

反应物浓度对新型碳气凝胶结构性能的影响

以间苯三酚(P)、间苯二酚(R)和甲醛(F)为原料,按一定物质的量比混合,配制成不同浓度的反应物水溶液,经过溶胶-凝胶、溶剂置换、常温干燥以及高温碳化等过程,制备出碳气凝胶。采用硬度计测量碳气凝胶的硬度,使用扫描电镜和比表面积分析仪对碳气凝胶的微结构进行表征。结果表明:反应物浓度的改变对碳气凝胶硬度的影响不大;随着反应物浓度的增加,碳气凝胶的比表面积先减小后增加,比表面积范围为800~1200m2/g,孔径分布主要集中在10~30nm。     

LCST可调无规共聚物的相行为及聚集行为

以聚乙二醇甲醚丙烯酸酯(OEGA)和2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯(DEGEEA)为单体通过可逆-加成断裂链转移(RAFT)法合成低临界溶解温度(LCST)可调的水溶性无规共聚物P(OEGA-co-DEGEEA)(POD)。借助核磁共振氢谱、凝胶渗透色谱对该共聚物的化学结构、相对分子质量及其分布进行表征,采用紫外可见分光光度计和动态光散射对其相行为及聚集行为进行研究。结果表明,POD的LCST可通过单体投料比和盐进行调节。OEGA含量和阴离子半径的增加均能使LCST升高。温度低于LCST时,共聚物倾向于分子内聚集;温度高于LCST时,共聚物的聚集方式从分子内向分子间转变,聚集体的粒径与共聚物浓度、盐等有关。     

温敏缔合共聚物P(NaAMPS-VCL-DVB)的合成及溶液特性

采用自由基胶束聚合法合成了新型的2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸钠(NaAMPS)/N-乙烯基己内酰胺(VCL)/二乙烯苯(DVB)温敏缔合共聚物(PAVD)。用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、元素分析和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)确定了PAVD的分子结构和重均分子量;研究了共聚物溶液的温敏增稠特性,并进一步考察了共聚物质量浓度、盐浓度等因素对其温敏增稠性能的影响。结果表明,当共聚物溶液达到一定浓度时,其具有优良的温敏增稠性,且增稠效果随共聚物质量浓度及外加盐浓度的增加而增强。抗老化实验结果表明,PAVD在80℃时具有优良的耐温抗老化性能。     

两亲性嵌段共聚物PS-b-P4VP·BuBr的合成及自组装

采用可逆加成断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)制备了苯乙烯和4-乙烯基吡啶嵌段共聚物(PS-b-P4VP),并用溴代正丁烷对其进行季铵化,得到两亲性嵌段共聚物PS-b-P4VP.BuBr。采用核磁共振(1H-NMR)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和有机元素分析对聚合物结构进行表征分析。将PS-b-P4VP.BuBr在水溶液中进行自组装研究,透射电镜(TEM)结果显示,共溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和四氢呋喃(THF)的比例可以调控聚集体的形态,随着THF含量增加,聚集体形态从球形依次向棒状、大复合胶束转变。     

酸度对掺杂Ce-SBA-15介孔分子筛合成的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以三嵌段共聚物(P123)作为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,通过微波辅助加热快速合成出骨架掺杂的Ce-SBA-15介孔分子筛.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外(FT-IR)、N2等温吸附-脱附法、紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)等手段对合成的样品进行表征.结果表明,当凝胶的pH=2～7时...     

Cu/SiO2纳米复合气凝胶的制备与表征

采用含铜硅酸乙酯(CuTEOS)进行溶胶-凝胶反应来制备高Cu含量的Cu/SiO2纳米复合气凝胶,复合气凝胶中的Cu含量可在小于66%(质量分数)的范围内调节.研究了水量、催化剂浓度、溶剂量及含铜硅酸乙酯的组成对溶胶-凝胶过程的影响.本研究中Cu/SiO2纳米复合气凝胶中粒子粒径大部分小于25nm,其孔径小于50nm,比表面积在400～650m2/g范围内.     

含氟两亲接枝共聚物在水溶液中的聚集行为及流变特性

以含氟两亲接枝共聚物聚甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯-g-聚乙二醇(PHFMA-g-PSPEG)为研究对象,通过透射电镜(TEM)和激光光散射粒度仪(PCS)研究了共聚物在水溶液中的聚集行为,采用旋转流变仪研究了体系的流变特性。讨论了共聚物浓度和共聚物中含氟链段含量对其在水溶液中的聚集行为及体系流变特性的影响。结果表明,含氟两亲接枝共聚物在水溶液中能自组装成核壳形胶束,随着共聚物浓度增加,胶束会聚集形成更大的聚集体。胶束溶液呈剪切变稀特征,随共聚物浓度增加,黏度增大。相同浓度下,溶液的黏度以及溶液中胶束的粒径和多分散性都随共聚物中含氟链段含量的增加而增加。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.